RESUMO
Solid process fine waste or tailings of a uranium mill is a potential source of release of radiologically significant gaseous radon (222Rn). A number of variables such as radium (226Ra) content, porosity, moisture content, and tailings density can affect the extent of emanation from the tailings. Further, if a cover material is used for remediation purposes, additional challenges due to changes in the matrix characteristics in predicting the radon flux can be anticipated. The uranium mill tailings impoundment systems at Jaduguda have been in use for the long-term storage of fine process waste (tailings). A pilot-scale remediation exercise of one of the tailings ponds has been undertaken with 30 cm soil as a cover material. For the prediction of the radon flux, a numerical model has been developed to account for the radon exhalation process at the remediated site. The model can effectively be used to accommodate both the continuous and discrete variable inputs. Depth profiling and physicochemical characterization for the remediated site have been done for the required input variables of the proposed numerical model. The predicted flux worked out is well below the reference level of 0.74 Bq m-2 s-1 IAEA (2004).
Assuntos
Rádio (Elemento) , Radônio , Poluentes Radioativos do Solo , Urânio , Radônio/análise , Poluentes Radioativos do Solo/análise , Índia , Resíduos SólidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a T-cell mediated inflammatory skin disorder which causes considerable psychosocial disability resulting in major impact on patient's quality of life. The dominant response of Th1 cells and the high expression of related inflammatory factors appears in both psoriasis and thyroid dysfunction. Psoriasis can lead to increased risk of incidence of cardiovascular events for which dyslipidemia is an important risk factor. This study aims to evaluate thyroid function and lipid profile and its association in patients with psoriasis. METHODS: This was a prospective case-control study conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital from November 2021 to October 2022. Seventy six clinically diagnosed psoriatic patients were taken as case and eighty non-psoriatic patients coming for other skin lesions were included in the study as control. Thyroid function test (serum free T3, T4, TSH) and lipid profile (total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein and triglyceride) were done. RESULTS: Hypothyroidism was most common thyroid abnormalities in our study population which was 13.15% (n=10). The lipid profile parameters were significantly higher in the psoriatic patients than in the controls (p<0.001). The odds of psoriatic patient having thyroid dysfunction was 2.8 times higher compared to other non-psoriatic patients and the odds of psoriatic patient having dyslipidemia was 8.7 times higher compared to other non-psoriatic patients. CONCLUSIONS: It is thus useful to assess thyroid function test and lipid profile in patients with psoriasis considering their role in etiopathogenesis and co-morbidity of psoriasis.
Assuntos
Dislipidemias , Psoríase , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide , Humanos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Qualidade de Vida , Nepal , Hospitais de Ensino , LipídeosRESUMO
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of water in Haldwani block, Nainital District, India. Stratified random sampling was used to categorize water sources and consumer points. In total, 108 samples were collected: 15 from the Gola river, 51 from water taps, 24 from water treatment plants and 18 from tube wells. Samples were tested for coliforms by the most probable number technique. Identification of species was done by standard procedures. Of 108 water samples, 58.8% were found to be polluted. All samples of water (n = 15) from different sites of the Gola river were found to be highly contaminated. Out of 24 water treatment plant samples, four samples were found unsatisfactory, while more than half (51.6%) of its supplies to water taps were polluted. From tube wells and their water taps, 88.8 and 60% samples were found safe for drinking respectively. Bacterial contamination of water treatment plants and their supplies indicates significant disparities in the efficiency of water treatment processes. Contamination of water taps of tube wells suggests leakage of pipes. There is an urgent need to improve these services to ensure the supply of safe water for consumers.
Assuntos
Água Potável/microbiologia , Microbiologia da Água , Cidades , Humanos , Índia , Rios/microbiologia , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hypomagnesaemia has been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. The present study investigated the association of hypomagnesaemia with T2DM and its complications in patients hailed mostly from the western hilly region of Nepal. METHODS: This study was conducted among 150 type 2 diabetic patients and 150 of non-diabetic controls between May to September 2016. Relevant demographic, anthropometric, physiological and biochemical variables were measured using standard protocols. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS version 17.0. RESULTS: Hypomagnesaemia (1.7±0.2mg/dl) was present in 50% of diabetic patients and none in the healthy controls (2.0±0.2mg/dl). It was inversely correlated with levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r=-0.299), total cholesterol (r=-0.219), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (r=-0.168) and creatinine (r=-0.215) and directly correlated with serum creatinine based glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcr) (r=0.196). Subjects with hypomagnesaemia were significantly older (57.4±11.5years) and had higher levels of HbA1c (8.4±1.2%) and serum total cholesterol (248.3±72.0mg/dl). The methods of diabetes control did not have a significant influence on serum magnesium level. Patient's age (OR: 1.05 (95% CI-1.01-1.09)), poor glycemic control (OR: 6.78 (95% CI-2.56-17.95)) and low eGFRcr (OR: 4.89 (95% CI-1.78-13.40)) were the significant predictors of hypomagnesaemia. CONCLUSION: Half of type 2 diabetic population under study had hypomagnesaemia without regard to the method of diabetes control. Old age, poor glycemic control, and low eGFRcr were the significant predictors of low serum magnesium in these patients. Besides their regular anti-diabetic treatment, clinicians should also consider dietary supplementation of magnesium to prevent further complications of diabetes in these patients.
Assuntos
Glicemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Rim/fisiopatologia , Magnésio/sangue , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Creatinina/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Feminino , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Humanos , Testes de Função Renal , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nepal/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Background: A quarter of the world’s adult population has Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and this condition is appearing with increasing frequency in children and adolescents due to the growing obesity epidemic within this young population. Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the apparently healthy female medical students in BPSGMC for Women Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat and to find the risk factors associated with these conditions among the study subjects. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in rural BPS Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat from April 2018 to September 2018 for a period of six months. The study population included all the undergraduate medical students of 2016 and 2017 batches. Semi-structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data regarding demographic characteristics, anthropometric parameters and biochemical markers using standardized methods. MetS was defined as per National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP III) criteria modified in 2004. Statistical analysis was carried out with R v 3.5.1 Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 9.8%. It was 7.7% in 17-19 years age group and 11.2% in 20-23 years age group. All the study subjects with MetS had abdominal obesity. MetS was significantly associated with elevated blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose ≥100 mg/dl, serum triglyceride ≥150 mg/dl and serum HDL cholesterol level <50 mg/dl. Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome exists in significant number among apparently healthy female medical students. Policy makers and healthcare providers can develop effective lifestyle interventions such as diet and physical activity for addressing the risk factors for metabolic syndrome.
RESUMO
Background: Undergraduate medical education comprises strenuous study and training for five and half years. Mental health of medical students remains affected throughout this period. Objective: To assess the test anxiety in the undergraduate medical students and to find out the relationship between the test anxiety and academic performance in the students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a Rural BPS Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat. The study population included all the undergraduate medical students enrolled from 2012 to 2016. Data pertaining to various socio-demographic characteristics were obtained by interview technique using a pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire ensuring privacy and confidentiality and reviewing academic records. Nist and Diehl test anxiety questionnaire was used to determine the anxiety score of students. Statistical analyses were carried out with R v 3.5.1. Results: A total of 240 students participated in the study. More than one quarter (26.3%) of the students did not suffer from test anxiety, 62.9% students exhibited healthy test anxiety and 10.8% of the students experienced unhealthy test anxiety. In relation to academic performance of the respondents, 4 (12.5%), 47 (24.9%) and 12 (63.2%) of respondents who performed fair, good and excellent respectively had no anxiety level as against those who had healthy anxiety and unhealthy anxiety level and these differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: Text anxiety is significantly associated with academic performance. These findings suggest the need of healthcare provision to prevent unhealthy test anxiety among medical students, as it decreases the academic performance.