Melanoma in pregnancy.

Since the early 1950s clinicians have been concerned about the impact of pregnancy on malignant melanoma (MM). Case reports and case series described a grave prognosis for women diagnosed with MM during pregnancy. Today MM in pregnancy takes on enhanced significance as more women delay childbearing into their 30s and 40s, and the incidence of MM during pregnancy may be expected to increase. In addition, relative immunosuppression during pregnancy theoretically may favor the potential for MMs to behave more aggressively. This article compiles the most recent clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory studies to guide clinicians in addressing the issue of melanoma in pregnancy. Herein we address the prognosis, characteristics, evaluation, treatment, and how to counsel women diagnosed with MM during pregnancy, including the potential consequences for the fetus. Overall, our analysis reveals that there is no effect on survival in women diagnosed with localized MM during pregnancy; likewise, pregnancies prior or subsequent to a diagnosis of MM do not impact prognosis. Strong epidemiologic evidence shows no enhanced risk of developing MM associated with oral contraceptive pill use. Although a smaller number of studies have addressed hormonal replacement therapy and risk of MM, these studies do not suggest a higher risk of MM. As for the fetus, risk of metastasis to the placenta and/or fetus is extremely low, and seems to occur exclusively in women with widely metastatic MM.

Mohs micrographic surgery and surgical excision for nonmelanoma skin cancer treatment in the Medicare population.

OBJECTIVES: To identify Medicare use rates of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and surgical excision for the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and to identify patient, lesion, and geographic characteristics associated with treatment type. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of Medicare beneficiaries. SETTING: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. PATIENTS: Patients undergoing MMS or other surgical intervention for the treatment of NMSC from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2006. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Surgical treatment, patient, and lesion characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 26,931 operations were performed for the treatment of NMSC from 2001 through 2006, of which 36.4% were MMS. Although the rate of surgical excision slightly increased during this period (1.8 vs 2.1 per 100 Medicare beneficiaries), the rate of MMS doubled (0.75 vs 1.5 per 100 Medicare beneficiaries). In 46.9% of facial lesions, MMS was performed, whereas MMS was used to treat 14.7% of total body lesions. Atlanta, Georgia, had the highest proportion of patients treated with MMS (45.1%); Louisiana had the lowest (11.0%). Age, race, lesion location, and area of country for patient treatment were significantly associated with MMS use (all P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of NMSC increased substantially from 2001 through 2006, primarily because of a doubling in the rate of MMS procedures. Significant differences in surgical rates, depending on patient age, race, lesion location, and geographic region, of treatment were found.