Prognostic significance of positive lymph node regression grade to neoadjuvant chemoradiation for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between metastatic lymph node (LN) responder status and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 304 patients with local advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma received NCRT followed by esophagectomy. For 112 patients with positive node, according to the proportion of residual viable tumor cells area within the whole tumor beds of all metastatic LNs, we classified LN-tumor regression grade (LN-TRG) into four categories: grade 1, 0%; 2, <10%; 3, 10%-50%; 4, >50%. Patients with grade 1-2 LN-TRG of were considered LN responders, and those with grades 3-4, as LN nonresponders. Univariate and multivariate analyses of RFS were estimated by a Cox regression model, Kaplan-Meier curve, and log-rank test. RESULTS: The median follow-up time of a total of 112 patients was 29.6 months. Fifty-two (46.4%) patients have experienced recurrence. In Cox univariate analysis, differentiation, AJCC stage LN responder status, nerve invasion, and lymphovascular invasion significantly correlated with RFS. Multivariate analysis for RFS revealed that LN responder status and AJCC stage (p < 0.05) were independent prognostic factor. The 3-year RFS rates for patients with LN-TRG of 1-4 grades were 72.7%, 76.5%, 37.4%, and 28.5%, respectively, and the median RFS times were not reach, 43.56, 28.09, and 22.77, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: LN responder status is an independent prognostic factor for RFS in esophageal cancer patients who received NCRT.

Amelioration of Cholesterol Rich diet-induced Impaired Cognition in AD Transgenic Mice by an LXR Agonist TO901317 Is Associated with the Activation of the LXR-ß-RXR-α-ABCA1 Transmembrane Transport System and Improving the Composition of Lipid Raft.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that LXR agonist can inhibit Aß generation and alleviate Aß-induced various adverse reactions in vivo and in vitro experiments, but the mechanisms have not been clarified. The study aimed to observe the effect of LXR agonist TO901317 on the cognitive function of AD transgenic mice fed with cholesterol-rich diet (CRD), and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods: 32 male 6-month-old double transgenic AD mice were enrolled and randomly divided into 4 groups: control (normal diet) group, CRD treatment group, TO901317 treatment group and GSK2033 treatment group. After 3 month, Morris water maze was for the changes of spatial exploration and memory ability; ELISA was for detecting the production of Aß42 in the brain; the concentration of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in serum were detected by cholesterol enzyme colorimetry; Finally, the expression of LXR-ß, RXR-α, ABCA1, caveolin-1, BACE1 and APP at protein level in the brains was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the learning, memory ability and spatial exploration ability of the mice were more significantly serious in the CRD group (P<0.05); The contents of TC and LDL in the serum and the production of Aß42 in the brains were significantly increased (P<0.05), but HDL was remarkably decreased (P<0.05); The protein levels of LXR-ß, RXR-α and ABCA1 were also significantly decreased (P<0.05); The expression of caveolin-1, APP and BACE1 were evidently increased (P<0.05). However, after treatment with TO901317, the impaired learning and memory and spatial exploration ability of the mice were significantly improved (P<0.05); The contents of TC and LDL in serum and the production of Aß42 in the brains were significantly decreased (P<0.05), but HLD was increased (P<0.05); The protein levels of LXR-ß, RXR-α, ABCA1were all significantly increased (P<0.05), while, the expression of caveolin-1, APP and BACE1 were all significantly decreased (P<0.05). All the changes were reversed by GSK2033 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TO901317 attenuated the more serious impairment of spatial exploration, learning and memory in transgenic AD mice induced by CRD, and the mechanism may be that TO901317 could activate the LXR-ß/RXR-α/ABCA1 transmembrane transport system, promote the cholesterol efflux, and decreased caveolin-1, APP and BACE1, further reduce Aß42 in the brains.

Cervicovaginal microbiota dysbiosis correlates with HPV persistent infection.

HPV persistent infection is a main event leading to the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Earlier to distinguish HPV persistent and transient infection is meaningful but the methods are limited. This study used 16S rDNA sequencing to determine the cervicovaginal microbiota of HPV persistent infection, transient infection and health women. Sequences analysis was performed and according to subsequent statistical analysis, the structure of cervicovaginal microbiota of healthy and transient infection individuals is relatively single, Firmicutes occupy the main composition. However, that of the HPV persistent infection presented a complicated trend and the abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria was higher. The significance p-values of the average species abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroides between HPV persistent and transient infection groups were 0.003, 0.018 and 0.005, respectively. The study also found 36 biomarkers of cervicovaginal microbiota dysbiosis for LDA score>4 among different groups. At genus level, Prevotella, Sphingomonas and Anaerococcus correlated with HPV persistent infection. At species level, Lactobacillus iners correlated with HPV transient infection. Besides, local immune microenvironment was changed with cervicovaginal microbiota dysbiosis. Interleukin-6 and TNF-α were significantly upregulated in cervical secretions from HPV persistent infection compared with those from transient infection and healthy women. Peripheral blood Regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients with HPV persistent infection were also significantly increased. In conclusion, this study identified cervicovaginal microbiota dysbiosis closely related to HPV persistent infection, which provided a new idea and method for the prevention of cervical cancer.

A new manoeuvre of vascular control in laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy: Retrospective review for a modified Kimura's method.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to explore a new manoeuvre of vascular control technique in laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (LSPDP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 63 patients were diagnosed with pancreatic tumour in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2018. In these cases, Kimura technique was utilised in 33 patients and total blood flow blocked technique was used in 30 patients. The clinical data of these 63 patients of were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: Four groups of patients were operated smoothly. In Kimura group, 33 patients were carried out using Kimura technique. Four patients' spleens were resected because the spleen artery was damaged. Three patients among them were converted to open surgery. In the other group, one patient was converted to open and resected the spleen. When comparing the Kimura group with the last series group, the mean surgical time decreased by 27 min, the estimated blood loss decreased by 108 ml, which had a significant statistical difference, whereas postoperative haemorrhage and postoperative pancreatic fistula had no statistical difference. CONCLUSION: After ten patient's practice, application of new manoeuvre of vascular control technique in LSPDP is feasible and safe, with advantages of less blood loss and shorter operation time.

Metagenomic profiling of the pro-inflammatory gut microbiota in ankylosing spondylitis.

OBJECTIVE: Gut dysbiosis has been reported implicated in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a common chronic inflammatory disease mainly affects sacroiliac joints and spine. Utilizing deep sequencing on the feces of untreated AS patients, our study aimed at providing an in-depth understanding of AS gut microbiota. METHODS: We analyzed the fecal metagenome of 85 untreated AS patients and 62 healthy controls by metagenomic shotgun sequencing, and 23 post-treatment feces of those AS patients were collected for comparison. Comparative analyses among different cohorts including AS, rheumatoid arthritis and Behcet's disease were performed to uncover some common signatures related to inflammatory arthritis. Molecular mimicry of a microbial peptide was also demonstrated by ELISpot assay. RESULTS: We identified AS-enriched species including Bacteroides coprophilus, Parabacteroides distasonis, Eubacterium siraeum, Acidaminococcus fermentans and Prevotella copri. Pathway analysis revealed increased oxidative phosphorylation, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and glycosaminoglycan degradation in AS gut microbiota. Microbial signatures of AS gut selected by random forest model showed high distinguishing accuracy. Some common signatures related to autoimmunity, such as Bacteroides fragilis and type III secretion system (T3SS), were also found. Finally, in vitro experiments demonstrated an increased amount of IFN-γ producing cells triggered by a bacterial peptide of AS-enriched species, mimicking type II collagen. CONCLUSIONS: These findings collectively indicate that gut microbiota was perturbed in untreated AS patients with diagnostic potential, and some AS-enriched species might be triggers of autoimmunity by molecular mimicry. Additionally, different inflammatory arthritis shared some common microbial signatures.

Serotypes and virulence genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from mink and its pathogenicity in mink.

In this study, 20 P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from 112 farmed mink exhibiting hemorrhagic pneumonia in mideastern Shandong province, China. Serotype G (18/20) was the dominant serotype among the isolates with prevalence in mink, followed by serotype B (1/20), serotype C (1/20). The 9 virulence-associated genes of P. aeruginosa were tested using PCR. The prevalence of the virulence genes for the isolates were algD 95% (19/20), plcH 85% (17/20), exoY 80% (16/20), aprA 75% (15/20), lasB 70% (14/20), exoS 65% (13/20), exoT 60% (12/20) and toxA 60% (12/20), respectively. The 20 isolates were negative for exoU gene. The isolates exhibited multidrug resistance and cross resistance, using antimicrobial disc susceptibility assays. The animal experiments demonstrated that LD50% of the P.aeruginosa-CS-2 in the intratracheally challenged mink was 2.2 × 107.0 CFU, and 6.8 × 104.0 CFU in the intraperitoneally challenged mink. It implied that both the inoculation doses and the routes of inoculation could have influences on the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa in mink. Therefore, the evolutionary and epidemiological surveillance of P. aeruginosa in mink should be further strengthened for public health.

Laparoscopic caudate lobe resection for the treatment of hepatolithiasis.

Background: To explore the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic caudate lobe (CL) resection for the treatment of hepatolithiasis. Methods: A retrospective study of nine patients who received laparoscopic CL resection for treatment of hepatolithiasis in our hospital from January 2013 to April 2017. Of these cases, we studied the patients' demographic data, the operation time, blood loss, post-operative hospital stay, post-operative complications and prognosis. Results: All the nine cases are performed successfully; the post-operative recovery was symptom free except for one case of post-operative bile leakage. Among them, there were six cases of CL resection in combination with other lobe, three cases of separate CL resection, and three cases of whole CL resection. The average operative time was 310 min (Range: 180-450 min), the average intraoperative blood loss was 530 ml (Range: 100-1000 ml), average post-operative hospital stay was 9 days (Range: 6-13 days), average total hospital stay was 10 days (Range: 9-19 days). Intraoperative calculi exhaustion rate was 66.7% (6/9), which at the end of treatment was 88.9% (8/9). No cases had calculi recurrence. Conclusion: The application of laparoscopic CL resection is feasible and safe.

Magnetic resonance imaging-guided three-dimensional real-time bile duct reconstruction and end-to-end anastomosis under laparoscopy: A case report.

In laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), the anatomical variation of gallbladder canal should be noted. Bile duct injury is one of the most serious complications of LC, which might lead to serious complications. This case because of an intraoperative accidental cut to right anterior inferior lobe bile duct which joins to the cystic duct, after confirming by intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging-guided real-time three-dimensional bile duct reconstruction and performing end-to-end anastomosis of the right anterior inferior lobe bile duct and the gallbladder tube under laparoscopy, the patient was discharged 5 days after surgery, was followed up for 4 months and was disease-free.

A study of primary single and layered suture technique by using two-port laparoscopic choledocholithotomy.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to explore the application value of layered suture technique in two-port laparoscopic choledocholithotomy with primary suture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study of 267 patients received laparoscopic common bile duct choledocholithotomy with primary suture in our hospital from January 2014 to July 2017. Of these cases, layered suture technique was utilised in 110 patients, and single-suture technique was used in 157 patients. The operation time, post-operative hospital stay and post-operative complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Two groups of patients were operated smoothly, with no conversations to laparotomy. Post-operative recovery was symptom free. The operative time was not significantly different between the two groups of patients (t = -'0.587,P= 0.086). The post-operative hospital stay and incidence of post-operative bile leakage were significantly lower in layered suture group than those in single-layer suture group ([7.6 ± 1.8] days vs. [5.8 ± 1.7] days, t = 2.776,P= 0.000; 4.5% [5/110] vs. 20.4% [32/157], χ2 = 9.885,P= 0.002). In the single-layer suture group, the incidence of post-operative bile leakage was significantly higher in patients complicated with acute cholangitis (44.4% [12/27] vs. 15.4% [20/130], χ2 = 11.634,P= 0.001), whereas in the layered suture group, the incidence of post-operative bile leakage was insignificantly different among patients with and without acute cholangitis (11.8% [2/17] vs. 3.2% [3/93], χ2 = 0.848,P= 0.357). CONCLUSION: Application of layered suture technique in laparoscopic choledocholithotomy with primary suture is feasible and safe, with advantages of less bile leakage and shorter hospital stay.

Pharmacological mechanism and apoptosis effect of baicalein in protecting myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

Baicalein is one of the main active ingredients of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Baicalein has many good biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptosis. The protective effect of baicalein on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury was studied. The results showed that baicalein could decrease the content of MDA (malondialdehyde) and MPO (myeloperoxidase) in serum of rats and increase the level of SOD (superoxide dismutase), which was significantly different from the model group (P<0.05). The results showed that baicalein could enhance the antioxidant capacity and alleviate neutrophil mediated inflammatory injury. Compared with the model group, the SOD activity of baicalein low concentration group (25mg/kg) increased significantly (3.47±0.28). The content of MDA in myocardium of rats with high concentration of baicalein (50mg/kg) decreased significantly (425.87±19.24), whereas he GSH/GSSG ratio increased significantly (30.28+0.48), P<0.05. High concentration of baicalein preconditioning can significantly reduce the release of CK (creatine kinase) and LDH(lactate dehydrogenase) induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, reduce the rate of myocardial infarction and reduce the rate of myocardial apoptosis.

Major Venous Repair or Reconstruction During Laparoscopic Pancreatic Surgery: A Single Center's Experience.

Background: In pancreatic cancer surgery, tumor violation of blood vessels is often considered a contraindication to surgery, especially laparoscopic surgery. We have completed 17 cases of major venous repair or reconstruction during laparoscopic pancreatic surgery, and we believe that this surgical method may be safe and feasible based on the skilled laparoscopic techniques. Materials and Methods: Between January 2014 and March 2022, a prospective cohort of 17 patients underwent major venous repair or reconstruction in our department. Among them, 15 cases underwent laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy, 1 case underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy, and 1 case underwent laparoscopic central pancreatectomy. In all of these cases, the pancreatic tumor invaded either portal veins (PV) or superior mesenteric veins. Given these clinical situations, 13 cases accepted laparoscopic venous resection and reconstruction, and 4 cases underwent venous repair. Results: Ten of 17 patients (58.8%) were male. The mean age was 67.1 (range 57-81). All patients' operations were successfully completed without transit to open. The average blocking time of venous resection and reconstruction was 30.1 (range 15-41) minutes and the average time of venous wedge resection and stitching was 24.0 (range 18-30) minutes. After surgeries, there were no complications such as PV stenosis, bleeding, thrombosis, and liver failure. Thirteen patients died within 2 years because of the tumor recurrence, and 4 patients are currently followed by outpatient visits, with no obvious signs of tumor recurrence. Conclusion: Studies have shown that the reconstruction or repair of the major veins under laparoscopic surgery is safe and effective. We recommended that surgeons need to have the basics of open surgery in case laparoscopic surgery cannot be continued, and have proficient laparoscopic surgery techniques combined with extensive training to achieve a learning curve for vascular anastomosis. Clinical Trial Registration number: KY2021SL152-01.

Layered by layered construction of three novel ZnCo-LDHs/g-C3N4 for the removal of sunset yellow by adsorption-photocatalytic process.

The removal of organic dyes has attracted attention by adsorption-photocatalytic synergetic process in water treatment technology. Three novel ZnCo-LDHs/g-C3N4 were successfully prepared for the first time by layered construction technique through the hydrolysis of triethanolamine in this paper. They exhibited high specific surface area which facilitates the adsorption of sunset yellow (SY) from solution to catalyst surface. All the target pollutant dyes are very effectively removed by the three ZnCo-LDHs/g-C3N4 composites through synergetic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis process under UV irradiation (λ = 365 nm). The order of synergistic degradation effect for SY is as follows: ZnCo-LDHs/g-C3N4-3 (99.6%) > ZnCo-LDHs/g-C3N4-2 (99.5%) > ZnCo-LDHs/g-C3N4-1 (99.3%) > pure g-C3N4 (77.4%) > pure ZnCo-LDHs (44.2.6%) at the initial concentration of 75 mg L-1. ZnCo-LDHs/g-C3N4-3 has the largest k value (0.0284 min-1) in SY degradation, which is 2.8 times that of g-C3N4. ZnCo-LDHs/g-C3N4-3 is a very promising adsorption-photocatalyst for the removal of SY from wastewater. The electron spin resonance experiments demonstrate that OH·, 1O2, and O2- are the dominant active species and oxides SY together. This result demonstrates that the three ZnCo-LDHs/g-C3N4 have practical applications as efficient adsorption-photocatalytic materials and also provides a synergetic strategy for the removal of SY wastewater.

Rational construction and understanding the effect of metal cation substitution of three novel ternary Zn-Co-Ni-LDHs from 2D to 3D and its enhanced adsorption properties for MO.

The layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have attracted attention in the water treatment field. In this paper, three novel ternary Zn-Co-Ni-LDH adsorbents were prepared successfully through rational construction from 2D to 3D using triethanolamine (TEA) as an alkali source and a structural controlling reagent by hydrothermal technique. Samples were characterized by the SEM, XRD, XPS, FTIR, BET, solid-state UV/vis spectra, and TG. Three Zn-Co-Ni-LDHs exhibited higher crystallinity and surface area which were beneficial to the adsorption for methyl orange (MO). The maximum adsorption capacity of three Zn-Co-Ni-LDH adsorbents can even reach as high as 1871.65 mg·g-1, 1799.56 mg·g-1, and 1646.44 mg·g-1 for MO, respectively, which surpass those of most previously reported LDH-based adsorbents. The pseudo-second-order kinetic equation fitted the kinetic data of adsorption, while the equilibrium adsorption isotherm data followed the Langmuir model. The adsorption mechanism, electrochemical, and the antibacterial properties of three Zn-Co-Ni-LDHs were also discussed. This results not only demonstrates that three Zn-Co-Ni-LDHs are practical interest as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of MO from dye waste water, but also provides a strategy for the rational design through three ternary Zn-Co-Ni-LDHs from 2D to 3D.

A consortium of three-bacteria isolated from human feces inhibits formation of atherosclerotic deposits and lowers lipid levels in a mouse model.

By a survey of metagenome-wide association studies (MWAS), we found a robust depletion of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia intestinalis in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). From an established collection of bacteria isolated from healthy Chinese individuals, we selected B. cellulosilyticus, R. intestinalis, and Faecalibacterium longum, a bacterium related to F. prausnitzii, and tested the effects of these bacteria in an Apoe/- atherosclerosis mouse model. We show that administration of these three bacterial species to Apoe-/- mice robustly improves cardiac function, reduces plasma lipid levels, and attenuates the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Comprehensive analysis of gut microbiota, plasma metabolome, and liver transcriptome revealed that the beneficial effects are associated with a modulation of the gut microbiota linked to a 7α-dehydroxylation-lithocholic acid (LCA)-farnesoid X receptor (FXR) pathway. Our study provides insights into transcriptional and metabolic impact whereby specific bacteria may hold promises for prevention/treatment of ACVD.

Network of Interactions Between Gut Microbiome, Host Biomarkers, and Urine Metabolome in Carotid Atherosclerosis.

Comprehensive analyses of multi-omics data may provide insights into interactions between different biological layers concerning distinct clinical features. We integrated data on the gut microbiota, blood parameters and urine metabolites of treatment-naive individuals presenting a wide range of metabolic disease phenotypes to delineate clinically meaningful associations. Trans-omics correlation networks revealed that candidate gut microbial biomarkers and urine metabolite feature were covaried with distinct clinical phenotypes. Integration of the gut microbiome, the urine metabolome and the phenome revealed that variations in one of these three systems correlated with changes in the other two. In a specific note about clinical parameters of liver function, we identified Eubacteriumeligens, Faecalibacteriumprausnitzii and Ruminococcuslactaris to be associated with a healthy liver function, whereas Clostridium bolteae, Tyzzerellanexills, Ruminococcusgnavus, Blautiahansenii, and Atopobiumparvulum were associated with blood biomarkers for liver diseases. Variations in these microbiota features paralleled changes in specific urine metabolites. Network modeling yielded two core clusters including one large gut microbe-urine metabolite close-knit cluster and one triangular cluster composed of a gut microbe-blood-urine network, demonstrating close inter-system crosstalk especially between the gut microbiome and the urine metabolome. Distinct clinical phenotypes are manifested in both the gut microbiome and the urine metabolome, and inter-domain connectivity takes the form of high-dimensional networks. Such networks may further our understanding of complex biological systems, and may provide a basis for identifying biomarkers for diseases. Deciphering the complexity of human physiology and disease requires a holistic and trans-omics approach integrating multi-layer data sets, including the gut microbiome and profiles of biological fluids. By studying the gut microbiome on carotid atherosclerosis, we identified microbial features associated with clinical parameters, and we observed that groups of urine metabolites correlated with groups of clinical parameters. Combining the three data sets, we revealed correlations of entities across the three systems, suggesting that physiological changes are reflected in each of the omics. Our findings provided insights into the interactive network between the gut microbiome, blood clinical parameters and the urine metabolome concerning physiological variations, and showed the promise of trans-omics study for biomarker discovery.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits neuronal apoptosis in heatstroke rats via PKA/p-CREB pathway / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#The incidence of heatstroke (HS) is not particularly high; however, once it occurs, the consequences are serious. It is reported that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is protective against brain injury in HS rats, but detailed molecular mechanisms need to be further investigated. In this study, we further explored whether CGRP inhibited neuronal apoptosis in HS rats via protein kinase A (PKA)/p-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) pathway.@*METHODS@#We established a HS rat model in a pre-warmed artificial climate chamber with a temperature of (35.5 ± 0.5) °C and a relative humidity of 60% ± 5%. Heatstress was stopped once core body temperature reaches above 41 °C. A total of 25 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 5 animals each: control group, HS group, HS+CGRP group, HS+CGRP antagonist (CGRP8-37) group, and HS+CGRP+PKA/p-CREB pathway blocker (H89) group. A bolus injection of CGRP was administered to each rat in HS+CGRP group, CGRP8-37 (antagonist of CGRP) in HS+CGRP8-37 group, and CGRP with H89 in HS+CGRP+H89 group. Electroencephalograms were recorded and the serum concentration of S100B, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neuron apoptosis, activated caspase-3 and CGRP expression, as well as pathological morphology of brain tissue were detected at 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h after HS in vivo. The expression of PKA, p-CREB, and Bcl-2 in rat neurons were also detected at 2 h after HS in vitro. Exogenous CGRP, CGRP8-37, or H89 were used to determine whether CGRP plays a protective role in brain injury via PKA/p-CREB pathway. The unpaired t-test was used between the 2 samples, and the mean ± SD was used for multiple samples. Double-tailed p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.@*RESULTS@#Electroencephalogram showed significant alteration of θ (54.50 ± 11.51 vs. 31.30 ± 8.71, F = 6.790, p = 0.005) and α wave (16.60 ± 3.21 vs. 35.40 ± 11.28, F = 4.549, p = 0.020) in HS group compared to the control group 2 h after HS. The results of triphosphate gap terminal labeling (TUNEL) showed that the neuronal apoptosis of HS rats was increased in the cortex (9.67 ± 3.16 vs. 1.80 ± 1.10, F = 11.002, p = 0.001) and hippocampus (15.73 ± 8.92 vs. 2.00 ± 1.00, F = 4.089, p = 0.028), the expression of activated caspase-3 was increased in the cortex (61.76 ± 25.13 vs. 19.57 ± 17.88, F = 5.695, p = 0.009) and hippocampus (58.60 ± 23.30 vs. 17.80 ± 17.62, F = 4.628, p = 0.019); meanwhile the expression of serum NSE (5.77 ± 1.78 vs. 2.35 ± 0.56, F = 5.174, p = 0.013) and S100B (2.86 ± 0.69 vs. 1.35 ± 0.34, F = 10.982, p = 0.001) were increased significantly under HS. Exogenous CGRP decreased the concentrations of NSE and S100B, and activated the expression of caspase-3 (0.41 ± 0.09 vs. 0.23 ± 0.04, F = 32.387, p < 0.001) under HS; while CGRP8-37 increased NSE (3.99 ± 0.47 vs. 2.40 ± 0.50, F = 11.991, p = 0.000) and S100B (2.19 ± 0.43 vs. 1.42 ± 0.30, F = 4.078, p = 0.025), and activated the expression caspase-3 (0.79 ± 0.10 vs. 0.23 ± 0.04, F = 32.387, p < 0.001). For the cell experiment, CGRP increased Bcl-2 (2.01 ± 0.73 vs. 2.15 ± 0.74, F = 8.993, p < 0.001), PKA (0.88 ± 0.08 vs. 0.37 ± 0.14, F = 20.370, p < 0.001), and p-CREB (0.87 ± 0.13 vs. 0.29 ± 0.10, F = 16.759, p < 0.001) levels; while H89, a blocker of the PKA/p-CREB pathway reversed the expression.@*CONCLUSIONS@#CGRP can protect against HS-induced neuron apoptosis via PKA/p-CREB pathway and reduce activation of caspase-3 by regulating Bcl-2. Thus CGRP may be a new target for the treatment of brain injury in HS.

Tris[6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)picolinato]gadolinium(III) methanol hemisolvate 2.5-hydrate.

In the title complex, [Gd(C(11)H(10)N(3)O(2))(3)]·0.5CH(4)O·2.5H(2)O, the Gd atom is coordinated by six N atoms and three O atoms derived from three tridentate monoanionic 6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)picolinate ligands. The mol-ecules are linked together via hydrogen bonds involving the solvent water and methanol mol-ecules.

Diaqua-bis[6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)picolinato-κN,N',O](nitrato-κO,O')lanthanum(III) monohydrate.

In the title complex, [La(C(11)H(10)N(3)O(2))(2)(NO(3))(H(2)O)(2)]·H(2)O, the La atom is coordinated by four N atoms and six O atoms derived from two 6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)picolinate ligands, one nitrate anion and two water mol-ecules. The mol-ecules are linked together via hydrogen bonds involving the water mol-ecules, forming a three-dimensional network.

Aqua-tris[6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)picolinato]-κN,N',O;κO-dysprosium(III) trihydrate.

In the title complex, [Dy(C(11)H(10)N(3)O(2))(3)(H(2)O)]·3H(2)O, the Dy(III) atom is coordinated by four N atoms and four O atoms derived from three tridentate deprotonated 6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)picolinate ligands and one water mol-ecule. The complex and solvent water mol-ecules are linked together via O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N, C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π hydrogen-bonding inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional network structure.

Research progress on the application of deep learning in choroidal segmentation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

In recent years, ophthalmology, as one of the medical fields highly dependent on auxiliary imaging, has been at the forefront of the application of deep learning algorithm. The morphological changes of the choroid are closely related to the occurrence, development, treatment and prognosis of fundus diseases. The rapid development of optical coherence tomography has greatly promoted the accurate analysis of choroidal morphology and structure. Choroidal segmentation and related analysis are crucial for determining the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of eye diseases. However, currently, choroidal mainly relies on tedious, time-consuming, and low-reproducibility manual segmentation. To overcome these difficulties, deep learning methods for choroidal segmentation have been developed in recent years, greatly improving the accuracy and efficiency of choroidal segmentation. The purpose of this paper is to review the features of choroidal thickness in different eye diseases, explore the latest applications and advantages of deep learning models in measuring choroidal thickness, and focus on the challenges faced by deep learning models.