The value of CT based radiomics in predicting progression of early acute pancreatitis / 中华放射学杂志

Objection To investigate the value of CT based radiomics in predicting progression of early acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods:From November 2013 to February 2021, 109 patients diagnosed with AP according to the new revised Atlanta classification in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into progressive group (40 cases) and non-progressive group (69 cases) according to the follow-up results. All patients underwent plain and enhanced abdominal CT scan within a week of onset. The patients were divided into training set (77 cases, including 28 cases in progressive group and 49 cases in non-progressive group) and validation set (32 cases, including 12 cases in progressive group and 20 cases in non-progressive group) in a ratio of 7∶3 using a computer completely random method. Manual region of interest mapping was performed on all levels of pancreas on the plain scan, arterial phase, venous phase and delayed phase CT images, then performed 3D fusion. AK software was used to extract texture features. The minimum redundancy maximum relevance and minimum absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis were used to select features and establish radiomics labels of the plain scan, arterial phase, venous phase, delayed phase and combining the 4 sequences. The multiple logistic regression analysis was used to establish the clinical model by combining clinical features and CT features, and the comprehensive model was established by combining clinical features, CT features and imaging radiomics label. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of each model in predicting early AP progression and the decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical application value of each model.Results:In the training set, logistic regression results showed that edge was an independent predictor (OR=0.16, P=0.033). The clinical model was established using edge and serum calcium level, and its areas under the ROC curve (AUC) in the training set and validation set were 0.69 and 0.70, respectively. Totally 14, 11, 13, 13 and 9 optimal texture features were extracted from the plain scan, arterial phase, venous phase, delayed phase and combined sequence images, respectively. The delay phase image radiomics label had relatively better predictive performance in training set and validation set, and the AUC were both 0.85. The comprehensive model was established based on the delayed phase image radiomics label (OR=2.22, P<0.001) and edge (OR=0.02, P=0.042), and the AUC in the training set and validation set was 0.90 and 0.86, respectively. DCA showed that both the comprehensive model and the delayed phase radiomics label had better benefits. Conclusions:CT radiomics model has high value for predicting progression of AP, and its clinical benefits exhibited superior performance of clinical model.

Evaluation of diagnosis and treatment by laparoscopic pyelolithotomy combined withresection biopsy for renal pelvic neoplasm with staghorn nephrolithiasis / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Three cases of renal pelvic neoplasm associated with staghorn calculi were enrolled to the study from March 2015 to June 2019. All patients underwent minimally invasive procedures previously including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy(FURL), or percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL). 3 patients of renal pelvic neoplasm with giant staghorn calculus were diagnosed by resection biopsy during laparoscopic pyelolithotomy intraoperatively and then treated by laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (LRNU). Case 1 was identified retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis 16 months after operation. Case 2 and 3 remained disease free. The timely diagnosis of renal pelvic neoplasm associated with staghorn calculi is always difficult, nevertheless, the laparoscopic pyelolithotomy with resection biopsy intraoperatively can be more effective in selected cases compared with routine endoscopic biopsy.

Effects of silymarin on liver injury and bone metabolism induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Studies have found that silymarin has a regulatory role in multiple genes, which contributes to bone remodeling and prevents bone loss. In a mouse model of fracture healing, silymarin supplementation can improve tibia healing by increasing bone mineral density and serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of silymarin on liver injury and bone metabolism induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice. METHODS: Twenty-four common Kunming mice, 10 weeks old, half male and half female, were randomly divided into three groups according to body mass. In the control group, subcutaneous injection of peanut oil 10 μL/g (double first dose) was given once every 5 days, followed by intragastric administration of 10 mL/kg/d distilled water. In the model group, animal models were made by subcutaneous injection of 40% carbon tetrachloride, followed by the same treatments as described in the control group. In the silymarin group, intragastric administration of silymarin solution 50 mg/kg/d was given after modeling. Treatments in each group lasted for 4 weeks. Each mouse was weighed every other week and was fasted for 12 hours the night before the final treatment. Under anesthesia, the mouse eyeballs were taken and blood sample from each mouse was taken to determine the serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity; the liver was taken to measure the levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the liver homogenate; the right femur was taken to measure the bone calcium content; and the right tibia was taken for Micro CT detection to detect the changes in bone structure parameters. An approval by the Animal Ethics Committee of Guangdong Medical University was obtained with an approval No. PJ2013011. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the model group was significantly increased (P < 0.05), glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), bone calcium and tibial bone volume fraction, bone mineral density, and connection density were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), structural model index and anisotropy degree were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and significant liver damage and decreased bone mass and bone microstructure damage were observed. Compared with the model group, silymarin significantly reduced the activity of alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.05), and also significantly reduced the structural model index and the degree of anisotropy (P < 0.05), making the trabecular bone structure and trend more consistent. There was a clear network structure, and the bone microstructure remained intact. After the administration of carbon tetrachloride, the mice suffered liver damage with decreased bone mass and damaged bone microstructure, and silymarin administration had a certain preventive effect on liver damage and bone loss caused by carbon tetrachloride in mice.

Incidence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion in patients with repeated uterine prolapse and its influencing factors / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the incidence and its related influencing factors of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion in patients with repeated uterine prolapse.Methods:A total of 200 patients with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ repeated uterine prolapse treated by surgery at Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University from January 2017 to June 2019. The patients received vaginal hysterectomy. The clinical data and postoperative pathological results of patients were collected to observe the incidence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion, and the influencing factors of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion were analyzed.Results:Of the 200 patients with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ repeated uterine prolapse, 20 cases (10.0%) had cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion, including 17 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and 3 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. The differences of age, disease course of uterine prolapse, birth times, proportion of family history of tumor, proportion of cervicitis, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rate, classification of uterine prolapse, and the proportion of flushing before husband's sexual life between patients with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion and patients without squamous intraepithelial lesion were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The logistic analysis showed that disease course of uterine prolapse ( OR = 2.381, 95% CI 1.337-9.050, P = 0.002), cervicitis ( OR = 1.242, 95% CI 1.113-3.015, P = 0.032), high-risk HPV infection ( OR = 1.425, 95% CI 1.124-6.234, P = 0.020), and uterine prolapse classification ( OR = 1.632, 95% CI 1.204-7.624, P = 0.015) were independent influencing factors associated with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion in patients with repeated uterine prolapse. Conclusion:The incidence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion in patients with repeated uterine prolapse is high, and the risk of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion is increased in patients with disease course >10 years or grade Ⅳ uterine prolapse.

MRI evaluation of early aggressiveness of low grade central chondrosarcoma in long bones / 中国医学影像技术

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of MRI in evaluating early aggressiveness of low grade central chondrosarcoma in long bones. Methods: Data of 11 patients with histopathologically proved WHO grade central chondrosarcoma in long bones were reviewed. All patients underwent conventional MRI within 2 weeks before operation. MRI findings of intracortical and intramedullary infiltration of chondrosarcoma were observed. Compared with surgical pathology, Kappa test was used to evaluate the consistency of MRI with pathology in diagnosis of early invasiveness of chondrosarcoma. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI in diagnosis of intracortical and intramedullary infiltration of chondrosarcoma were calculated. Results: MRI showed 9 cases of chondrosarcoma with intracortical infiltration, among them 6 cases showed different degrees of scallop-like depression in the inner bone cortex, 3 cases had different forms of worm-like destruction in the inner bone cortex. Four cases of intramedullary infiltration showed blurred tumor edges and abnormal signals in the bone marrow around the tumors. MRI diagnosis of early aggressiveness of intramedullary and intracortical infiltration had good consistency with histopathological findings (Kappa=0.441, 0.621, both P<0.05). The sensitivity of MRI in diagnosis of intracortical and intramedullary infiltration was 90.00% (9/10) and 60.00% (3/5), specificity was 100% (1/1) and 83.33% (5/6), accuracy was 90.91% (10/11) and 72.73% (8/11), respectively. Conclusion: MRI plays an important role in detecting early aggressiveness of central chondrosarcoma in long bones.

Quantitative parameters of DWI and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in evaluating the depth of myometrial invasion of endometrial carcinoma / 中国医学影像技术

Objective: To explore the value of DWI and dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI (DCE-MRI) quantitative parameters in evaluating the depth of myometrial invasion in patients with endometrial cancer. Methods Data of 45 patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma confirmed by surgery and pathology were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent routine MRI, DWI and DCE-MRI 1-2 weeks before surgery. The patients were divided into no or superficial myometrial invasion group (n=25) and deep myometrial invasion group (n=20) according to the pathological results. The differences of ADC value and DCE-MRI quantitative parameters (Ktrans, Kep, Ve) were compared between the two groups. ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy for depth of myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma. Results: Ktrans value of deep myometrial invasion group was higher than that of no or superficial myometrial invasion group (P=0.016). There was no significant difference in ADC value, Kep nor Ve between the two groups (all P>0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of Ktrans was 0.735 (P=0.007). Taken Ktrans=0.355/min as the threshold, the sensitivity was 80.0%, and the specificity was 60.0% in diagnosis of depth of myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma. Conclusion: Ktrans may be useful for evaluating the depth of myometrial invasion of endometrial carcinoma.

Comparison of cortical bone screwing and Endobutton plating for treatment of ankle joint fracture complicated with distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To compare cortical bone screwing and Endobutton plating for the treatment of ankle joint fracture complicated with injury to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. Methods Fifty-eight pa-tients with ankle joint fracture and injury to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis were treated at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital to Guangdong Medical University from January 2014 to June 2016. Half of them were treated by conventional cortical bone screwing. They were 16 males and 13 females with an average age of 43.2 ± 4.1 years. The other half were treated by Endobutton plating. They were 15 males and 14 females with an average age of 44.1 ± 3.9 years. The 2 groups were compared in terms of intraoperative bleed-ing, operation time, tibiofibular clear space ( TBCS ) , tibiofibular overlap ( TBOL ) , the American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale and complications. Results The cortical bone screwing group needed significantly shorter operation time (63.4 ± 5.4 min) than the plating group (89.6 ± 6.2 min) ( P ＜0.05) . There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in intraoperative bleeding ( 68.9 ± 6.3 mL versus 67.4 ± 6.4 mL ) , TBCS ( 4.6 ± 0.3 mm versus 4.7 ± 0.3 mm) , TBOL ( 7.5 ± 0.4 mm versus 7.4 ± 0.4 mm ) , good to excellent rate by AOFAS score ( 72.4% versus 75.9%) , or rate of complications ( 6.9% versus 10.3%) ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusion Since cortical bone screwing and Endobutton plating show no signifi-cant difference for the treatment of ankle joint fracture complicated with distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury, a proper surgical procedure should be decided according to the specific conditions of the patient.

Meta-analysis of the level of adiponectin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the level of adiponectin (APN) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods The case-control study involving APN in OSAHS were searched and identified from Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase,China Academic Journals Full-text database,VIP Database,and Full text database of China' s.According to inclusion and exclusion criteria,evaluated the quality of choice experiment,and then extracted the valid data for meta-analysis.Results Seven articles were selected,including 2 in SCI,5 in Chinese.Meta analysis showed that APN in acute exacerbation COPD group was significantly higher than in COPD group (standardized mean difference (SMD) =2.32,95％CI=0.62-4.02,P＜0.05).Compared with normal control group,APN in COPD was higher (SMD=1.39,95％CI=1.00-1.78,P＜0.01).Determined publication bias by Begg's and Egger's test,the results did not show any bias (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion The serum APN of COPD patients are significantly elevated,the APN testing in some extent reflect the severity of COPD.

Effect of TGF-β1on the expression of MMP-9 in mouse endometrial stromal cells / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the effect of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) on the expression of matrix metal-loproteinase-9(MMP-9) in cultured mouse endometrial stromal cells .Methods After separation and purification ,the mouse endom-etrial stromal cells were cultured with different concentrations of TGF-β1 ,and the final concentrations were 0 .1 ,2 .5 ,5 .0 ,10 .0 , 20 .0 ng/mL ,respectively .ELISA method was used to detect the content of MMP-9 in the the culture medium after 48 h culture . Results Compared with the control group ,the expression of MM P-9 in mouse endometrial stromal cells in the experimental groups increased with the TGF-β1 concentration elevation ,and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0 .01) .Conclusion In the mouse endometrial stromal cell system ,TGF-β1 may be involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix metabolism through regu-lating the expression of MMP-9 .

Diagnosis of intracranial dermoid cyst with spiral CT / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To explore diagnosis value of spiral CT on intracranial dermoid cyst based on retrospective analysis.Methods 10 cases of intracranial dermoid cyst were enrolled in and confirmed by surgery and pathology.The retrospective analysis was based on the CT manifestations,causes,pathological and clinical features.Results Among the 10 cases,5 lesions were located in the posterior cranial fossa,3 in besides saddle,1 in up saddle and 1 in the temporal fossa.The morphology of nidus was round or round like with clear boundary.There was no edema around the nidus.Fat was found in 7 cases appeared hypodensity with insufficiency uniformity on CT,and the density was lower than that of cerebrospinal fluid with CT value ranged from-6 HU to 80 HU.There was a few calcification on the edge in 1 case.Hyperdensity irregular and lumpy hair-liked shadow was found in 2 hypodensity cases.1 lesion closed to the cranial plate was compressed thin and buckled.Conclusions Intracranial dermoid cyst has typical CT manifestations.It will be an accurate diagnosis based on clinical analysis and CT manifestations.

Effects of three kinds of Mongalian medicine axillary choerospondias fruit extracts on differentiation of human umbilical cord blood stem cells in vitro / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Human umbilical cord blood stem cells have been widely used in the study of spinal cord injury, but in vitro differentiation of human umbilical cord blood stem cells (hUCBSCs) has been limited by various factors. Mongalian medicine axillary choerospondias fruit extract has protective effects on neural cells, but the action mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe promoting effects of 3 kinds of Mongalian medicine axillary choerospondias fruit extracts on in vitro differentiation of hUCBSCs. METHODS: Fresh umbilical cord blood was obtained from healthy puerperants to prepare hUCBSC suspension. The purified hUCBSCs were incubated in 40 petri dishes. The Mongalian medicine axillary choerospondias fruit extracts were divided into: sample 1 group: ethanol extraction, ethyl acetate extraction, crude drug mass concentration was 8.25 g/mL; sample 2 group: ethanol extraction, NKA resin isolation, 10% ethanol eluting concentration, crude drug mass concentration was 1.72 g/mL; sample 3 group: ethanol extraction, NKA resin isolation, 70% ethanol eluting concentration, crude drug mass concentration was 2.41 g/mL; control group: incubation of 80% DMEM containing 20% calf serum. Effects of various mass concentrations of Mongalian medicine axillary choerospondias fruit extract on hUCBSCs proliferation were observed. Proportion in S phase was measured using flow cytometry at 24 and 72 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The proliferation of hUCBSCs was not significant in the sample 3 group. At day 10, the proliferation was significantly greater in the sample 1 and 2 groups compared with the sample 3 and control groups (P < 0.01). The number of hUCBSCs was significantly increased at 24 and 72 hours in S phase in the sample 1 and 2 groups. Mongalian medicine axillary choerospondias fruit extract (crude drug mass concentration 8.25, 1.72 g/mL) could promote in vitro proliferation of hUCBSCs.

Problems and the Corresponding Measures on the Teaching of Obstetrics & Gynecology for Foreign Students in Our School / 中华医学教育探索杂志

We have been in charge of the teaching of the curriculum of Obstetrics & Gynecology for foreign students from Pakistan since the year of 2005,and hitherto there have been two grades of foreign students who have received this course.We have accumulated some experience through the practice of teaching,and discovered some shortcomings and problems,which are summarized as three respects:teachers and equipment,study of students,and cooperation of patients.In allusion to the shortcomings and problems,we think that we should take measures and make improvement in the respects of teachers,students,patients and so on,in order to improve the quality of the teaching for foreign students in our school.

Updating of GP TM210 treadmill system / 医疗卫生装备

This paper describes a detailed procedure for updating of GP TM210 treadmill system without changing the application software.By changing the hardware of computer and updating the operation system,the performance is improved greatly.

Treatment of uterine malignant tumors by laparoscopic surgery: A short-term analysis / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility and the short-term efficacy of laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of uterine malignant tumors. Methods Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in 25 cases of cervical cancer and 24 cases of endometrial cancer from February 2003 to March 2005 in this hospital.Of the 49 cases,a selective paraaortic lymphadenectomy was carried out in 5 cases. Results All the operations were successfully performed under laparoscope except for 1 case of conversion to open surgery.The operating time was 190?45 min,the blood loss during operation was 172?99 ml,and the number of excised lymph nodes was 17?6.Surgical complications occurred in 8 cases(8/49,16%),including 1 case of bladder injury,1 case of internal iliac vein injury,3 cases of urinary retention,1 case of vesicovaginal fistula(VVF) at the 6 postoperative month,and 2 cases of lymphatic cyst.Follow-up observations were carried out for 1~12 months in 21 cases,12~24 months in 17 cases,and 24~27 months in 4 cases.No recurrence was seen.Conclusions Laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of uterine malignant tumors is safe and feasible and offers significant short-term effects.

Development of military medical metrology and its role in hospital / 医疗卫生装备

This paper describes the development,legal system and rules of military medical metrology.Besides,it discusses the status quo of military medical metrology room and its role as well as its problems and future development.

Principle of Ambulatory Electrocardiogram Analysis System and Its Maintenance / 医疗卫生装备

This paper introduces the basic principle,structure of Holter analysis system as well as its introduction,clinical application and development in China.In addition,it also lists some common errors which occurred in the use of the equipment in the past few years and their solutions.

Characterization of HA1 gene of influenza B virus circulated in 1990 through 2000 in China / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To characterize HA1 gene of influenza B virus circulated in 1990 through 2000 in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Viral RNA was extracted and transcribed into cDNA by reverse transcriptase and amplified by PCR. The product of PCR was purified and sequenced by ABI377. The sequence data were analyzed with epidemic records.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1. Two major lineages of influenza B virus always circulated during the period of 1990-2000 in China; the Yamagata lineage was the main lineage, but in 1994 and 1997 the Victoria lineage was more active. 2. During 1992-2000 the Yamagata lineage evolved into two minor groups whose distance in HAI amino acid sequences was about 6%. 3. Large and non-reverse mutators led the development of influenza B epidemics in 1990-2000 in China. 4. Except for a few strains, there was little difference among the influenza B viruses of the same major lineages circulated in the same year in China.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Two major lineages of influenza B virus always circulated during the period from 1990-2000 in China,and the Yamagata lineage diverged into two minor groups in recent years. Exchanges of the lineages and the appearance of large non-reverse mutators possibly had important epidemic significance.</p>

The Clinical Application of Interventional Embolization Treatment in Cephalocervical Hypervascular Lesions / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical value of transcatheter arterial embolization for cephalocervical hypervascular lesions.Methods By superselective catheterization under DSA,interventional embolization was safely performed in 57 cases.Results The extent and amount of lesion was clarity,and the nature of the feeding vessels were defined in 57 cases.Some of the patients underwent a surgery after embolization.Obvious shrink of the treated lesions was observed,and blood loss during the surgery was remarkbly reduced,and had a satisfiactory efficacy.Conclusion Embolization under DSA provides a ideal treatment for cephalocervical hypervasecular lesions,the procedure is simple and safe.

Synthetic Treatment of the Ⅲa Stage of Non-small-cell Lung Cancer byCombining Chemotherapy of Bronchus Artery Instillation and Radiotherapy of Line Accelerator / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To make an inquiry into the feasibility and clinical effect of treating the Ⅲa stage of non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)by combining chemotherapy of bronchus artery instillation and radiotherapy of line accelerator.Methods 76 cases of patients with NSCLC were randomly divided into two groups of A and B.Chemotherapy of bronchus artery instillation (BAI) was exerted twice to group A first,then radiotherapy (RT) of line accelerator was followed one～two weeks later after completing the second BAI;Group B was simply performed two times of BAI (contrast group).Results Clinical curative effect of group A (BAI+RT) and group B (BAI) were respectively 89.47% and 60.53% (?

Characterization of genome of A/Guangzhou/333/99(H9N2) virus / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To understand the characterization of genome of a strain of avian influenza A H9N2 virus repeatedly isolated from a child with influenza illness. Thereafter to reveal the origin of this H9N2 virus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Viruses were passed in embryonated hen eggs and virion RNA was extracted from allantoic fluid and reverse transcribed to synthesize cDNA. cDNA was amplified by PCR and the PCR product was purified with a purification kit. Afterwards RNA sequence analysis was performed by dideoxynucleotide chain termination and a cloning method. Finally, phylogenetic analysis of the sequencing data was performed with MegAlign (Version 1.03) and Editseg (Version 3.69) softwares.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Genome of A/Guangzhou/333/99 (H9N2) virus was closely related to avian influenza A H9N2 virus, but obvious difference from that of A/Duck/Hong Kong/Y439/97(H9N2) virus, as well as its genome did not include any RNA segment derived from human influenza A virus. However, the genes encoding the HA,NA,NP and NS proteins of A/Guangzhou/333/99 virus were derived from those of G9 lineage virus, the rest genes encoding the M and three polymerase (PB2,PB1 and PA) proteins were derived from G1 lineage strain.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>A/Guangzhou/333/99 virus was a reassortant derived from reassortment betweenG9 and G1 lineages of avian influenzaA(H9N2) viruses. Therefore, the most possibility is that it is derived from avian influenza A virus directly. The results do not only demonstrate that avian influenza A (H9N2) virus could infect men, but also firstly prove that the genetic reassortment could be occurred between different genetic lineages of avian influenza A (H9N2) viruses in the nature.</p>