Angelica sinensis Polysaccharides Ameliorate Stress-Induced Premature Senescence of Hematopoietic Cell via Protecting Bone Marrow Stromal Cells from Oxidative Injuries Caused by 5-Fluorouracil.

Myelosuppression is the most common complication of chemotherapy. Decline of self-renewal capacity and stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) induced by chemotherapeutic agents may be the cause of long-term myelosuppression after chemotherapy. Whether the mechanism of SIPS of hematopoietic cells relates to chemotherapeutic injury occurred in hematopoietic microenvironment (HM) is still not well elucidated. This study explored the protective effect of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP), an acetone extract polysaccharide found as the major effective ingredients of a traditional Chinese medicinal herb named Chinese Angelica (Dong Quai), on oxidative damage of homo sapiens bone marrow/stroma cell line (HS-5) caused by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the effect of ASP relieving oxidative stress in HM on SIPS of hematopoietic cells. Tumor-suppressive doses of 5-FU inhibited the growth of HS-5 in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. 5-FU induced HS-5 apoptosis and also accumulated cellular hallmarks of senescence including cell cycle arrest and typical senescence-associated ß-galactosidase positive staining. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased in 5-FU treated HS-5 cells and coinstantaneous with attenuated antioxidant capacity marked by superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Oxidative stress initiated DNA damage indicated by increased γH2AX and 8-OHdG. Oxidative damage of HS-5 cells resulted in declined hematopoietic stimulating factors including stem cell factor (SCF), stromal cell-derived factor (SDF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), however, elevated inflammatory chemokines such as RANTES. In addition, gap junction channel protein expression and mediated intercellular communications were attenuated after 5-FU treatment. Significantly, co-culture on 5-FU treated HS-5 feeder layer resulted in less quantity of human umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic cells and CD34⁺ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and SIPS of hematopoietic cells. However, it is noteworthy that ASP ameliorated SIPS of hematopoietic cells by the mechanism of protecting bone marrow stromal cells from chemotherapeutic injury via mitigating oxidative damage of stromal cells and improving their hematopoietic function. This study provides a new strategy to alleviate the complication of conventional cancer therapy using chemotherapeutic agents.

Parabolic Viscosity Behavior of NaCl-Thickened Surfactant Systems upon Temperature Change.

The viscosity of household care products plays an important role in pleasant delivery using consumer experience at home. A novel solution to mitigate the sharp rising of viscosities at low temperatures of detergents was proposed. By designing the formulation of the surfactant blend, formulators can achieve acceptable viscosity profiles in the temperature range encountered in daily life. The verification and modulation of formulas bearing parabolic viscosity-temperature behavior were systematically studied, including in single, binary, and ternary systems, based on the modulation of sodium ethoxylated alkyl sulfate (AES) by other anions, zwitterions, and nonions. The R ratio theory was used to have a better understanding of the molecular assembly of surfactants behind the parabolic behavior exhibited in rheology analyses. One of the key findings is that the parabolic viscosity-temperature phenomenon could be easily observed in the highly hydrated ethoxylated anionic systems like AES-based systems. For those anions lacking ethoxylation, especially sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), the monotonic variation of hydration affinity with temperature led to the disappearance of parabola in the observed temperature window (>0 °C). Moreover, salinity played an important role in the hydration affinity of the polar group and the interaction between the hydrophilic headgroups. A balanced salinity should be optimized to modulate the hydration affinity in a desired range so that the parabola could be easily tuned within the target temperature region. These findings provide opportunities for the formulators in the household care industry to design products with better pourability through carefully selecting a combination of surfactants and fine-tuning their ratios to improve consumer use experience, especially in winter.

Broadening AIEgen application: rapid and portable sensing of foodstuff hazards in deep-frying oil.

Development of fluorescent probes that can monitor foodstuff hazards is highly desirable. Herein we report the first example of an AIEgen probe (QM-TPA), conjugated by a quinoline-malononitrile (QM) scaffold and triphenylamine unit, for direct sensing of triacylglycerol polymers in frying oil, enabling a rapid probing, on-site analysis, and portable operation in food inspection applications.

Mitigation of 3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol Ester Formation by Radical Scavengers.

The present study investigated the possible mechanism of free radical scavengers on mitigation of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) fatty acid ester formation in vegetable oils. The electron spin resonance investigation showed that the concentration of free radicals could be clearly decreased in 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycerol (DSG) samples by all four antioxidants (l-ascorbyl palmitate, α-tocopherol, lipophilic tea polyphenols, and rosemary extract) at 120 °C for 20 min under a N2 atmosphere. Moreover, the rosemary extract exhibited the highest inhibition efficiency. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy examination of DSG with α-tocopherol at 25 and 120 °C revealed that α-tocopherol could prevent the involvement of an ester carbonyl group of DSG in forming the cyclic acyloxonium free radical intermediate. Furthermore, the ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis showed that α-tocopherol could suppress the formation of 3-MCPD di- and monoesters. Finally, the four antioxidants could decrease 3-MCPD esters in the palm oil during deodorization. Particularly, the rosemary extract also showed the highest efficiency in 3-MCPD ester mitigation.