Accompanying mild hypothermia significantly improved the prognosis of septic mice than artificial mild hypothermia.

BACKGROUND: Some patients with sepsis are found with accompanying mild hypothermia (ACMH); however, the effects of ACMH on the patients with sepsis are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To compare the impacts of ACMH and artificial mild hypothermia (ATMH) on mortality, systemic inflammatory reactions, and organ functions in mice with sepsis. METHODS: Septic mouse models were induced and divided into ACMH, un-hypothermia, keep normothermia, and ATMH groups, according to the anal temperature and the thermic intervention strategy. The mortality rate, serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin (IL)-4 and liver and renal functions of the mice in each group were recorded. Liver, lung, and renal tissues of the mice were stained and examined under optic microscope. RESULTS: The mortality rate in the ACMH group was the lowest among all the sepsis groups. Increased serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-4 and impairments of the liver and renal functions were found in the septic mice. The serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-4 were significantly lower and the liver and renal functions of ACMH group were not impaired significantly as compared with other sepsis groups. Pathological examinations of the lung, liver, and renal tissues showed that the ACMH group were with the lowest pathological score among all the sepsis groups. CONCLUSION: Accompanying mild hypothermia and ATMH could both reduce mortalities in mice with sepsis, and ACMH could reduce mortality even lower, and more alleviate systemic inflammatory responses and the damages in lung, kidney, and other organs were lighter.

Bidirectional associations between sensorineural hearing loss and depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis.

Background: Recently, the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNL) has been increasing, and several studies have suggested that depression, anxiety, and SNL may be associated with each other, however, individual findings still have discrepancies. To the best of our knowledge, no scholars have systematically elucidated the bidirectional associations between SNL, depression, and anxiety disorders from the perspective of meta-analysis. In this study, we aimed to systematically evaluate the bidirectional associations between SHL and depressive and anxiety symptoms, and to provide evidence-based medical evidence for reducing SNL, depression, and anxiety disorders. Methods: We performed systematic review based on priori protocol that was registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42022365963). Systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases identified articles published as of June 1, 2023, on the relationship between SNL and depression and anxiety. Meta-analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the outcome metrics, and the results were combined to assess bivariate associations between the disorders with fixed or random effects. Sensitivity and subgroup analyzes were conducted to analyze sources of heterogeneity, and Egger's and Begg's tests combined with funnel plots were applied to assess publication bias. Results: Summary analysis of the results of 20 studies covering 675,291 individuals showed that the bidirectional association between SNL and depression and anxiety disorders. The incidence (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.09-0.28) and risk (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.32-1.55) of depression and morbidity were higher in SNL patients than the general population. Elevated prevalence (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.28-0.65) and risk (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11-1.48) of SNL were also observed in depressed patients. The prevalence of anxiety disorders among SNL patients was about 40% (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.24%-0.57), which was associated with higher risk (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.42-2.24) of development than the general population. Incidence of SNL in patients with anxiety disorders was approximately 31% (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.29-0.33). Additionally, subgroup analyzes showed that the bidirectional associations between SNL, depression, and anxiety disorders was influenced by age, region, and mode of diagnosis of the disorders (SNL, depression, anxiety). Conclusion: There are bidirectional associations between SNL and depression and anxiety disorders, which was influenced by age and region and the method the disorders (SNL, depression, anxiety) were diagnosed.

Serum cholinesterase: a potential assistant biomarker for hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71 infection.

BACKGROUND: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a potentially life-threatening infectious disease that commonly occurs in children. Diagnosis of HFMD caused by EV71 largely depends on clinical manifestations and rare serological biomarkers used to identify children suffering from HFMD. Serum cholinesterase (SChE) activity has frequently been reported as a potential biomarker for solid central nervous system tumors, chronic heart failure, and liver cirrhosis. However, its potential value in the diagnosis of neurotropic virus infections, such as HFMD caused by EV71, remains to be determined. FINDINGS: In our study, 220 children hospitalized with HFMD caused by EV71, 34 inpatients infected with coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), and 43 undefined enterovirus-infected HFMD inpatients were recruited at the Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital between January 2011 and December 2012. SChE activity was measured. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test showed that SChE activity in children diagnosed with HFMD caused by EV71 was significantly higher than in healthy controls (p < 0.001), as well as in children with upper respiratory tract infections (p = 0.011), bronchopneumonia (p < 0.001), septicemia (p < 0.001), amygdalitis (p < 0.001), and appendicitis (p < 0.001). In addition, higher SChE activity was observed in male inpatients with HFMD caused by EV71 (47.7 % positivity) compared to female inpatients (26.1 % positivity) (chi-square test, p = 0.002). In our study, no significant differences in SChE levels were observed among different ages (up to 120 months) (r = -0.112, p > 0.05). An important finding was that SChE activity declined in the recovery phase of HFMD caused by EV71 compared to the acute phase (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated SChE activity was observed in patients with severe HFMD caused by EV71. Therefore, SChE might be a potential assistant biomarker for the diagnosis of HFMD caused by EV71 in children.