Coordination Environment and Distance Optimization of Dual Single Atoms on Fluorine-Doped Carbon Nanotubes for Chlorine Evolution Reaction.

The chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a crucial anode reaction in the chlor-alkali industrial process. Precious metal-based dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) are commonly used as catalysts for CER but are constrained by their high cost and low selectivity. Herein, a Pt dual singe-atom catalyst (DSAC) dispersed on fluorine-doped carbon nanotubes (F-CNTs) is designed for an efficient and robust CER process. The prepared Pt DSAC demonstrates excellent CER activity with a low overpotential of 21 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and a remarkable mass activity of 3802.6 A gpt-1 at an overpotential around 30 mV, outperforming those of commercial DSA and Pt single-atom catalysts. The excellent CER performance of Pt DSAC is attributed to the high atomic utilization and improved intrinsic activity. Notably, introducing fluorine atoms on CNTs increases the oxidation and chlorination resistance of Pt DSAC, and reduces the demetalization ratio of Pt atoms, resulting in excellent long-term CER stability. Theoretical calculations reveal that several Pt DSAC configurations with optimized first-shell ligands and interatomic distance display lower energy barriers for Cl intermediates generation and weaker ionic Pt-Cl bond interaction, which are favorable for the CER process.

Efficacy of triple therapy with rabeprazole for Helicobacter pylori infection in relation to CYP2C19 genotype.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 CYP2C19 influences the efficacy of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy. We investigated the difference in the cure rates of H. pylori infection by triple (rabeprazole plus amoxacillin and clarithromycin) therapy in relation to CYP2C19 genotype status. METHODS: One hundred and sixteen H. pylori infected patients with gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer completed the triple therapy with 10 mg of rabeprazole b.i.d., 1,000 mg amoxacillin b.i.d. and 500 mg of clarithromycin b.i.d. for one week. The genotype of CYP2C19 was determined by a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: According to the univariate analysis, heterozygous extensive metabolizers (hetero EMs) and poor metabolizers (PMs) showed the highest (87.0%) and the lowest (80.0%) eradication rates, respectively. The difference in the therapeutic efficacy of rabeprazole among the different CYP2C19 genotypes was insignificant. With regard to gender, age and smoking history in relation to eradication rate, a statistical significance was noted only with age with odds ratio of 1.063 and p-value of 0.0202. CONCLUSIONS: In the eradication therapy of H. pylori, no statistically significant difference in therapeutic efficacy of rabeprazole was found among different CYP2C19 genotypes.

A case of spontaneous gallbladder perforation.

Gallbladder perforation is an almost exclusive complication of cholecystitis, which accompanies severe inflammation of the gallbladder with or without cholelithiasis. Whether it is of a calculous or acalculous origin, gallbladder perforation, as a complication of acute cholecystitis, has common symptoms, signs, laboratory data, radiological findings and treatment modalities. Even though many reports of gallbladder perforation have been published, there are few reports of gallbladder perforation without any clinical and radiological indications. We experienced a case of a 70-year-old woman with acute abdomen, which was found to be peritonitis caused by spontaneous gallbladder perforation that was devoid of clues suggesting this condition. Although rare and unusual, this case shows that this disorder should be considered in elderly patients presenting with peritonitis with an unknown etiology.