RESUMO
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of intracameral drugs and dyes on rat corneal endothelial apoptosis and cell morphology. Materials and Methods: The right eyes of 72 rats were injected intracamerally with 1% lidocaine, 0.01% adrenaline, triamcinolone acetonide (TA) 4 mg/mL, 1% trypan blue (TB), 0.5% indocyanine green (ICG), and fortified balanced salt solution as control. Corneal samples were taken 1 day and 1 week post-injection. Corneal endothelial apoptosis was assessed by the TUNEL technique, and the ratio of apoptotic cells in each group was compared with the control. Corneal endothelial cell morphology was evaluated in each specimen by transmission electron microscopy. Results: The mean apoptotic endothelial cell ratio was significantly higher at 1 day and 1 week after intracameral adrenaline injection when compared to controls (p=0.03 and 0.021, respectively). TB caused a significantly higher apoptotic cell ratio when compared to controls at 1 week after injection (p=0.043). Lidocaine caused a higher apoptotic cell ratio compared to TA and ICG at 1 week, although not statistically significant (p=0.058, 0.09, 0.69, respectively). In all experimental specimens, transmission electron microscopy showed morphological changes associated with apoptosis. Conclusion: This study showed that intracameral adrenaline, TB, and lidocaine injections may have toxic effects on corneal tissue, as indicated by ultrastructural and histopathological alterations. Therefore, these agents should be used with caution in intraocular surgery.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Corantes , Ratos , Humanos , Animais , Corantes/farmacologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Lidocaína/toxicidade , Epinefrina/farmacologia , Células EndoteliaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Smoke inhalation injury is a major comorbid factor in patients with thermal injury and occurs in about 30% of patients with major burns. In addition, inhalation injury reportedly accounts for 20%-84% of the mortality in burned individuals and is associated with higher mortality rates for every age and burn size category. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of simvastatin on lung damage with burn and cotton smoke inhalation. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups: saline treated control group, via an orogastric route (group 1, n = 6), burn (30%) and cotton smoke inhalated group (group 2, n = 6), and simvastatin treated (25 mg/kg/d, via an orogastric route) burn (30%) and cotton smoke inhalated group (group 3, n = 6). Rats were sacrificed at 48 h of the treatments and the trachea and lungs were removed completely. Tissue samples were taken for histopathologic, immunohistopathologic, and biochemical analyses. Univariate analysis of variance coupled with Duncan's post-hoc test was performed for statistical evaluation. RESULTS: Lung parenchymal and tracheoepithelial damage was confirmed in group 2 by histopathologic examination. Lung malonedialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.001), while glutathione (GSH) concentration did not alter in group 2 compared with group 1. Also, immunopathologic data revealed that epithelial iNOS level was elevated, while no modulation was detected in the level of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Simvastatin administration resulted in decreasing the lung parenchymal and tracheoepithelial damage. Tissue MDA levels were decreased significantly (P < 0.001), whereas GSH concentrations were elevated in group 3 compared with group 1 and group 2 (P < 0.001). Simvastatin treatment caused a decrease in epithelial iNOS levels, while MPO levels were not modulated. In addition, simvastatin significantly reduced pulmonary apoptosis in lung injury. CONCLUSIONS: Our results have indicated that simvastatin administration seems to play beneficial role in lung injury of rats promoted by combined burn and smoke inhalation. Thus, simvastatin may represent a potential approach to prevent smoke inhalation-associated lung dysfunction. However, the significant decrease in basal oxidant production may cause impairment in cellular signalling processes.
Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/etiologia , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/prevenção & controle , Queimaduras/complicações , Fibra de Algodão , Sinvastatina/uso terapêutico , Lesão por Inalação de Fumaça/complicações , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose , Feminino , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Modelos Animais , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sinvastatina/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Selective cytoprotective functions of vitamin E, N-acetyl-L: -cysteine, and amifostine have been used as a preventer of ischemia injury by expelling the free oxygen radicals leading to stabilization of the cellular membranes. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the oxidative stress related to cellular injury in ovarian surface epithelium and the effect of prophylaxis with an anti-oxidant using laparoscopic rat model. DESIGN: Laparoscopic rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomly allocated 40 Wistar Albino female rats have been used for the pneumoperitoneum model which was constituted to fix the intraabdominal pressure on 5 mmHg for 60 min. The antioxidants, vitamin E and NAC were given to rats 3 days before the operation and were applied for 30 days; amifostine was applied 30 min before the operation until after for 7 days. After abdominal desufflation, over biopsies were made on the 13th min, 24th h, and 7th and 30th days. By using of transmission electron microscopy, the damage on cells and organels were assessed and graded. RESULTS: In ovarian surface epithelium, the apical surface specializations were affected in all groups except Vit E group:The microvilli were irregular and coarse and had disappeared in some places. Some cells were separated from the epithelium. In addition, mitochondria degeneration was observed in all group except Vit E. CONCLUSIONS: In the early period of laparoscopy, reversible cellular damage occurs and this damage can be prevented by vitamin E.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ovário/patologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Pneumoperitônio Artificial/efeitos adversos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Amifostina/farmacologia , Animais , Dióxido de Carbono , Epitélio/irrigação sanguínea , Epitélio/patologia , Feminino , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Ovário/irrigação sanguínea , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/etiologia , Vitamina E/farmacologiaRESUMO
Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is correlated with the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-induced peptic ulcer diseases. We aimed to investigate the time- and concentration-dependent bactericidal and morphological effects of ONOO- on H. pylori. Authentic ONOO- was synthesized as quenched-flow method. A stock culture of H. pylori NCTC 11637 was exposed to different concentrations of ONOO- (0.1-40 micromol/L) or decomposed ONOO- or fresh medium. Samples were taken at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes, for the evaluation of viable bacteria and bacterial morphology with gram strain and transmission electron microscopy. Decomposed ONOO- showed no bactericidal activity against H. pylori. ONOO- application caused a decrease in the number of viable bacteria within the first 15 minutes. The significant conversion of H. pylori from spiral form to coccoid form was determined with 10 micromol/L of ONOO-, and higher concentrations caused lysis of the cells. Separation of cell wall, bleb formation, vacuolization, decrease of secretory granules, and lysis of bacteria were the morphological effects of ONOO- on H. pylori. Because the morphology of the bacteria is one of the important factors in virulence; peroxynitrite-related morphological effects might have an impact in the progress of the H. pylori-induced peptic ulcer diseases.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Peroxinitroso/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Bacteriólise , Parede Celular/ultraestrutura , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Grânulos Citoplasmáticos/ultraestrutura , Helicobacter pylori/citologia , Helicobacter pylori/fisiologia , Helicobacter pylori/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Ácido Peroxinitroso/síntese química , Fatores de Tempo , Vacúolos/ultraestruturaRESUMO
The aims of this study were to evaluate whether there is a correlation between protein level in urine and renal morphology in kidney transplant donors, as well as to detect the role of electron microscopy. For this purpose, kidney biopsies of 10 donors with urine protein levels were evaluated. Seven patients were female and three were male. Two had physiologic proteinuria (< 150 mg/24h), four had non-significant proteinuria (150-300 mg/24h), and three had significant (> 300 mg/24h) proteinuria. Serum creatinine levels were in normal ranges in all patients except for one who had a slight increase (1.76 mg/dL). Seven cases were reported to have normal or nonspecific light microscopic findings. Two of those seven cases had physiologic proteinuria, three had non-significant proteinuria, and two had significant proteinuria. One case had IgA nephropathy with significant proteinuria. One donor had early stage focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with non-significant proteinuria, and one donor had focal interstitial fibrosis with normal urine protein level. There was no statistically significant difference between score means of ultrastructural morphology of the six patients with same patients' light microscopic results and score means of light microscopic results with urine protein levels of all patients. However, there was a significant difference between score means of ultrastructural morphology with urine protein levels of those six patients. In conclusion, urine protein levels and light microscopic findings did not always reflect the detailed morphology alone and together. Therefore, combining with electron microscopic examination could be more beneficial in relieving problems occurring in long-term prognoses.
Assuntos
Rim/patologia , Proteinúria/urina , Doadores de Tecidos , Creatinina/sangue , Feminino , Glomerulonefrite por IGA/patologia , Glomerulonefrite por IGA/urina , Humanos , Rim/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Microscopia EletrônicaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the ocular surface changes in a rabbit dry eye model by using a modified impression cytology technique. METHODS: Nitrocellulose filter paper with a pore diameter of 0.45 microm was used to collect the specimens from 12 rabbits that were injected with atropine every day for 3 days. Filter papers were kept in distilled water overnight and then dried to increase cell pickup. Samples were stained with periodic acid-Schiff. The mean temporal and superior bulbar conjunctival goblet cell densities were counted. The data were compared with transmission (ocular surface) and scanning electron microscopic (filter paper) examination of the ocular surface. RESULTS: In the acute stage of atropine injection, there was not a major change in the goblet cell count. Although the goblet cell distribution was variable over the ocular surface, the average cell density was 55.4+/-22 in the superior quadrant and 69.2+/-9 in the temporal quadrant. In the 3-day atropine-injection group, there was a marked decrease in goblet cells, and there was mucin accumulation rather than accumulation of the goblet cells. No morphologic differences could be observed with scanning electron microscopy between the regular nitrocellulose filter paper and the paper kept in distilled water. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that keeping the filter paper in distilled water and then drying it improves cell pickup and ocular surface evaluation in rabbits.
Assuntos
Túnica Conjuntiva/patologia , Técnicas Citológicas , Síndromes do Olho Seco/patologia , Animais , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Oftalmológico , Fluoresceína , Corantes Fluorescentes , Células Caliciformes/patologia , Microscopia Eletrônica , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , CoelhosRESUMO
Acute rejection is the most important threat to transplanted kidneys in the early phase after transplantation. With the advances in renal transplant surgery and immunosuppressive therapies, one-year graft survival rates reached 90%, but long-term graft survival did not improve to a similar degree. To prevent acute rejection more effectively and decrease the risk of chronic nephropathy development, the pathogenesis and effects of acute rejection on renal grafts should be further explored. This study aimed to examine the glomerular and tubular changes ultrastructurally. Tissues were obtained from 11 renal allografts with acute rejection, fixed in 1% Osmium tetra oxide embedded in Epon. The changes in glomerular basement membrane, podocyte, mesangium, and proximal tubules were examined by electron microscope. Tubular changes such as tubular basement membrane multi-lamellation, MN and PMN cells in peritubular capillaries, tubular vacuolization, mitochondrial changes (increase in number, alterations in cristae organization, or cristae effacement), and infiltration of tubular epithelium by MN cells (mainly lymphocytes) were found statistically significant (p < 0.01) when compared to those of control group. Some forms of endothelial injury (swelling of endothelial cells or fenestrae loss) were also statistically significant (p < 0.01). Acute rejection is an important predictor of long-term graft survival, and there may be no clinical clue to make diagnosis easier. Therefore ultrastructural changes may help solve this problem together with molecular studies.
Assuntos
Rejeição de Enxerto/patologia , Glomérulos Renais/ultraestrutura , Túbulos Renais/ultraestrutura , Adolescente , Adulto , Biópsia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of human breast milk on corneal epithelial wound healing. METHODS: The effects of human breast milk on epithelial healing is compared with autologous serum and artificial tears on 24 female Bal-b/C mice. A central corneal epithelial defect was created using a 2 mm trephine. Four groups were formed. By a random pick-up, topical human breast milk 4 × 1 was given to Group 1, topical mouse autologous serum 4 × 1 was applied to Group 2, and preservative-free artificial tears 4 × 1 was applied to Group 3.Group 4 was evaluated as control. Biomicroscopical examination was performed on days 1, 2, and 3. Mice were sacrificed on the third day. Histopathological and electron microscopic examinations were performed as well. RESULTS: The fastest and best healing group was Group 1, followed by Group 2. Re-epithelization was not complete even at the end of the second day in groups 3 and 4. CONCLUSIONS: The rich content of human breast milk may be an alternative to epithelial healers and artificial tears.
Assuntos
Lesões da Córnea/terapia , Epitélio Corneano/lesões , Leite Humano/fisiologia , Reepitelização/fisiologia , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Animais , Lesões da Córnea/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Fluorofotometria , Humanos , Lubrificantes Oftálmicos/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Soluções Oftálmicas , Soro/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the ultrastructural changes of rat corneas in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes mellitus and the follow-up insulin treatment. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley type rats was used for experimental procedures during the period from January to April 2003 at Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey. Rats were studied in 4 groups; group 1: controls, group 2: sham controls (single dose IV sodium citrate), group 3: STZ-induced diabetes mellitus (single dose 45 mg/kg STZ intravenously), group 4: diabetes mellitus + insulin treatment (8 U/day). RESULTS: We observed degenerative changes in the epithelial layer, stromal keratocytes and endothelial cells in diabetic group. In contrast, the corneal layers have revealed positive alterations in the insulin-treated group. The statistical analyses showed significant narrowing in the epithelial layer in the diabetic group (p=0.002), whereas thickening was observed in the epithelial basement membrane and Descemet's membrane (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: It was determined that diabetes mellitus causes degenerative changes in cornea, which are positively influenced by short-term insulin treatment.
Assuntos
Córnea/ultraestrutura , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Insulina/uso terapêutico , Animais , Membrana Basal/ultraestrutura , Glicemia/análise , Córnea/patologia , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Lâmina Limitante Posterior/ultraestrutura , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangue , Epitélio Corneano/ultraestrutura , Técnicas Histológicas , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Insulina/administração & dosagem , Microscopia Eletrônica , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Estreptozocina , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: : The following study aimed to clarify the importance of arginase and NOS activities in thioacetamide-induced hepatic damage and to evaluate the underlying mechanism of proposed protection provided by melatonin, using commonly applied therapeutic dose. METHODS: : Rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n=5): control, melatonin (10mg/kg i.p.), thioacetamide (200mg/kg i.p., two doses with a 24h interval) and thioacetamide+three doses of melatonin (10mg/kg i.p., prior- and post-treatment with a 24h interval before thioacetamide administrations) treated groups. RESULTS: : Thioacetamide administration caused hepatic damage creating oxidative and nitrosative stress accompanying perivenous necrosis and eosinophil infiltration. The significant elevation of total nitrite level in livers of thioacetamide treated groups reflected the activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase activity. The decrease in arginase activity indicated hepatic damage. Non-altered specific activity of arginase in the livers of thioacetamide treated groups did not overcome the elevation of NO production. Melatonin treatment did not modulate the levels/activities significantly. CONCLUSIONS: : Our results have indicated that nitrosative stress seems to be essentially critical in thioacetamide-induced hepatic failure in rats. Possible regulatory effect of arginase on NO production and applied dose of melatonin could not prevent hepatic damage.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cyclosporin A (CsA) is known to induce gingival overgrowth. Apoptosis plays a critical role in the regulation of inflammation and the host immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate apoptosis in CsA-induced gingival enlargement using electron microscopy examination of keratinocytes. METHODS: Gingiva specimens were collected from 12 CsA-treated renal transplant patients with gingival overgrowth and eight healthy controls with gingivitis. Clinical findings (probing depth, gingival index, and plaque index) were compared in the two groups. Histological and ultrastructural features of the specimens were also compared, and extent of keratinocyte apoptosis was scored on a three-tier scale: 0 = no apoptotic cells; 1 = one or two apoptotic cells; 2 = more than two cells. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups with respect to gingiva-related clinical findings or extent of keratinocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the extent of keratinocyte apoptosis in the gingiva of kidney recipients with CsA-induced gingival overgrowth is similar to that observed in inflamed gingiva of healthy individuals. Further studies on apoptosis of different cell types in the presence of CsA should clarify this agent's role in the pathogenesis of drug-induced gingival enlargement.
Assuntos
Apoptose/fisiologia , Ciclosporina/efeitos adversos , Crescimento Excessivo da Gengiva/patologia , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Crescimento Excessivo da Gengiva/induzido quimicamente , Gengivite/patologia , Humanos , Queratinócitos/citologia , Queratinócitos/patologia , Transplante de Rim , Masculino , Microscopia EletrônicaRESUMO
This study investigated levels of complement inhibition, apoptosis of gut epithelium, and bacterial translocation (BT) associated with different doses of heparin in rats with severe burns. After burn injury, the animals in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 received intravenous tail-vein bolus heparin doses of 150, 300, 600, and 1200 U/kg, respectively. Group 5 received no heparin after burn injury. Group 6 served as control group. According to the results, Group 2 had the highest rate of positive staining for C3, and Group 4 had the lowest rate. There were significant differences between these two groups with respect to distribution of immunoflouresein scores for C3 (p=0.01). Group 5 had the highest mean TUNEL index of all the groups (258/10) (p=0.01). On electron microscopy, the connective tissue cells in the ileal submucosa from Groups 4 and 5 showed more significant apoptotic changes than the corresponding cells in the other groups. The total BT values in Group 4 (129 x 10(4) CFU) and Group 5 (100 x 10(4) CFU) were both significantly higher than those in the other groups (p=0.01). Group 1 had the lowest total BT value (6.1 x 10(2) CFU) (p=0.001). In summary, our results confirm that heparin administration after significant burn injury in rats can reduce BT, and that the effect is related to dose. The findings also indicate that levels of BT after burn injury increase in parallel with the extent of gut epithelial cell apoptosis.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Translocação Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Queimaduras/microbiologia , Ativação do Complemento/efeitos dos fármacos , Inativadores do Complemento/farmacologia , Heparina/farmacologia , Animais , Queimaduras/imunologia , Queimaduras/patologia , Complemento C3/antagonistas & inibidores , Ensaio de Atividade Hemolítica de Complemento , Inativadores do Complemento/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Heparina/administração & dosagem , Íleo/ultraestrutura , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Infusões Intravenosas , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiologia , Mucosa Intestinal/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The nasal mucosa humidifies, warms and filters inspired air before it passes to the lower respiratory tract. In order to maintain the physiological activity of the respiratory epithelium, a certain amount of airflow is required. This report describes electron microscopy findings in the nasal mucosa of a patient who had decreased airflow through the nose due to stenosis of the nasal vestibule. Electron microscopic examination of the nasal mucosa revealed stratified squamous epithelium composed of markedly degenerated cells. The findings of abnormal mucosal structure highlight another negative consequence of nasal obstruction in addition to abnormal physiological function of the nose. The negative impact of diminished airflow on the nasal mucosa should be considered in any case where the patient has a condition that can lead to partial or total loss of airflow through the nose.
Assuntos
Constrição Patológica/diagnóstico , Cavidade Nasal/ultraestrutura , Mucosa Nasal/ultraestrutura , Adolescente , Atrofia/complicações , Atrofia/patologia , Constrição Patológica/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica/métodos , Doenças Nasais/complicações , Doenças Nasais/diagnóstico , Conchas Nasais/patologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro caries inhibition of various resin-based materials. Class V cavities were prepared in twenty-five freshly extracted human premolar teeth which were then restored with glass-ionomer cement (Chemfill II), compomer (Compoglass F, Dyract AP) and composite resin (Tetric Ceram and Z 100). The teeth were submerged in an acid gel for 6 weeks. Each specimen was sectioned. These sections were left in water for 24 hours, and then examined using polarized light microscopy. The lesion consisted of two parts, the outer surface lesion and the cavity wall lesion. There was no significant difference in the body depth of the outer lesion and in the depth of the wall lesion among teeth restored with Compoglass F, Dyract AP and Chemfill II (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference between those restored with Z 100 and Tetric Ceram (P < 0.05). The length of the wall lesion for the teeth restored with Chemfill II was significantly smaller than that in the remaining groups (P < 0.05). The length of the wall lesion for teeth restored with Tetric Ceram and Z 100 was significantly higher than in the remaining groups (P < 0.05). These results suggest that composite materials and compomer provide less caries inhibition than glass-ionomer cements.
Assuntos
Cariostáticos/administração & dosagem , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Materiais Dentários/química , Restauração Dentária Permanente , Fluoretos/administração & dosagem , Dióxido de Silício , Zircônio , Cariostáticos/química , Compômeros/química , Resinas Compostas/química , Cárie Dentária/patologia , Preparo da Cavidade Dentária/classificação , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Infiltração Dentária/classificação , Restauração Dentária Permanente/classificação , Fluoretos/química , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/química , Humanos , Microscopia de Polarização , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
PURPOSE: To report the ocular findings of patients with Alport syndrome and the results of clear lens extraction in this patient group. METHODS: Twenty-three eyes of 15 patients with a diagnosis of Alport syndrome were included in this study. Clear corneal phacoemulsification and intraocular foldable lens implantation was performed in eyes with indeterminate refractive errors and/or poor visual acuity and anterior capsule samples were analyzed with electron microscopy. RESULTS: All patients had a history of hereditary nephritis and/or deafness as systemic involvement. Ophthalmologic examination revealed anterior lenticonus with high myopia and/or irregular astigmatism in all patients. The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.67 ± 0.17 logMAR (range 1.0-0.4) preoperatively and 0.17 ± 0.08 logMAR (range 0.3-0.0) postoperatively. Postoperative refractive lenticular astigmatism dramatically decreased and no ocular complications arose during the follow-up period. Transmission electron microscopic analysis of the lens capsules supported the diagnosis of Alport syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Clear lens phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens implantation is a safe and effective therapeutic choice for the management of uncorrectable refractive errors and low visual acuity due to anterior lenticonus in patients with Alport syndrome.
Assuntos
Cápsula Anterior do Cristalino/ultraestrutura , Astigmatismo/cirurgia , Doenças do Cristalino/cirurgia , Implante de Lente Intraocular , Miopia/cirurgia , Nefrite Hereditária/cirurgia , Facoemulsificação/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Astigmatismo/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Doenças do Cristalino/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica , Miopia/fisiopatologia , Refração Ocular/fisiologia , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This experiment was performed to compare the effects of Phenytoin (PHT) and Hypericin (HP) cream on healing of burn wounds in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty rats were divided into 3 groups and second-degree burn wounds were created. The burn wounds in the first, second, and third groups were covered twice daily with PHT cream, HP cream, and saline (control), respectively. At the end of days 3, 7, 14, and 21, full-thickness skin biopsies were done for histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS: Histopathologic evaluations at the 14th day showed that re-epithelialization scores were greater in the HP group than the PHT group, but on day 21, re-epithelialization scores were higher in the PHT group than the HP group. Collagen content on days 3 and 14 in the PHT group was found to be higher than in the HP group. Well-vascularized granulation tissue on day 7 in the PHT group was higher than in other groups. HP and PHT groups had a significant increase in VEGF and TGF-b expression in burn wound healing area compared to the control group on all days. CONCLUSIONS: Topical application of HP can promote re-epithelialization in burn wounds to shorten the wound healing time for superficial burns. Phenytoin, on the other hand, contributes to healing by increasing vascularized granulation tissue and collagen synthesis through re-epithelialization. The increased VEGF and TGF-b expression following PHT and HP treatment strongly indicate that PHT and HP treatment promotes VEGF and TGF-b production and action in the burn wound area.
Assuntos
Queimaduras/tratamento farmacológico , Queimaduras/patologia , Perileno/análogos & derivados , Fenitoína/uso terapêutico , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Tópica , Animais , Antracenos , Epiderme/efeitos dos fármacos , Epiderme/patologia , Epiderme/ultraestrutura , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Perileno/administração & dosagem , Perileno/farmacologia , Perileno/uso terapêutico , Fenitoína/administração & dosagem , Fenitoína/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study was carried out to determine the ocular pharmacokinetics, efficacy and potential endothelial toxicity of moxifloxacin (MF) after a single intracameral bolus injection of 500 µg/0.1 ml in a rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight eyes of 24 New Zealand White Rabbits were separated into six groups, each including four rabbits. 0.1 ml of 0.5% intracameral moxifloxacin (500 µg) injection was injected to the right eyes and 0.1 ml of balanced salt solution to the left eyes (control). Aqueous humor (AH) and vitreous samples were collected at the 0.5th, 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th and 24th hours from both eyes of group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. MF concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. These were compared with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and mutant prevention concentrations (MPC) for frequent endophthalmitis pathogens. Electron and light microscopical evaluation of the corneas were performed. RESULTS: Moxifloxacin reaches higher concentration than the MIC of all common endophthalmitis pathogens in the AH and exceeds the mutant prevention concentration levels for Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus viridans, flouroquinolone susceptible Coagulase-negative staphylococcus and flouroquinolone susceptible Staphylococcus aureus for 6 h. The half-life of moxifloxacin in the AH was 2.2 h. Electron and light microscopic evaluation revealed no noticeable sign of toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Peroperative intracameral moxifloxacin injection for endophthalmitis prophylaxis is a safe and effective method in uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Compostos Aza/farmacocinética , Endoftalmite/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Quinolinas/farmacocinética , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/toxicidade , Humor Aquoso/efeitos dos fármacos , Humor Aquoso/metabolismo , Compostos Aza/farmacologia , Compostos Aza/toxicidade , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Epitélio Corneano/efeitos dos fármacos , Epitélio Corneano/metabolismo , Epitélio Corneano/ultraestrutura , Fluoroquinolonas , Injeções Intraoculares , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Moxifloxacina , Facoemulsificação , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Quinolinas/toxicidade , Coelhos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Corpo Vítreo/efeitos dos fármacos , Corpo Vítreo/metabolismoRESUMO
STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, randomized experimental research. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short- and long-term neuroprotective effects of minocycline on the secondary injury process of an experimental traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Traumatic SCI is a devastating problem of health that results in high morbidity and mortality rates. The loss of function after SCI results from both the primary mechanical insult and the subsequent, multifaceted secondary response. METHODS: A total of 80 adult male Spraque-Dawley rats (breeded by the Baskent University Animal Research Center) were randomly divided into 4 groups. A T10 contusion injury was produced by using modified Allen technique in all groups except the control group. No medication was administered to the rats in the trauma group. Minocycline was administered intraperitoneally and intravenously to the treatment groups. Short-term and/or long-term neuroprotective effects of minocycline on the lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, glutathione), apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling), ultrastructure of spinal cord (tissue electron microscopy), and behavioral assessments (Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan) were evaluated. RESULTS: As compared with the trauma group, tissue malondialdehyde and glutathione levels demonstrated that minocycline significantly diminishes lipid peroxidation. Electromicroscopic study showed that minocycline preserves the ultrastructure of spinal cord tissue in the early post-traumatic period. Minocycline treatment significantly reduced the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling positive cells both 1 day and 28 days after SCI. Behavioral assessments showed significant improvement in the hind limb functions of minocycline receiving rats starting 7 days after the SCI. Any statistically significant difference was not found between intraperitoneal or intravenous routes for minocycline injection. CONCLUSION: Minocycline is neuroprotective and contributes to functional improvement after traumatic SCI by eliminating the destructive process of secondary injury. Having both satisfying anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects in experimental models, it promises to be of therapeutic use in human SCI.
Assuntos
Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Minociclina/farmacologia , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/tratamento farmacológico , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Membro Posterior/efeitos dos fármacos , Membro Posterior/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Infusões Parenterais , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Espinal/fisiopatologia , Medula Espinal/ultraestrutura , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of different bevacizumab concentrations on retinal endothelial cell proliferation, retinal structures and apoptotic activity after intravitreal injection in a retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) mouse model. METHODS: A total of 35 of C57BL/J6 mice were exposed to 75±2% oxygen from postnatal day 7 to postnatal day 12. On day 12, 10 mice (group C) were injected with 2.5 µg intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB), 11 mice (group D) were injected with 1.25 µg IVB, and 14 mice (group E) were injected with 0.625 µg IVB in one eye. The contralateral eyes were injected with isotonic saline (control group=group B). Four nonexposed mice served as negative controls (group A). Neovascularization was quantified by counting the endothelial cell proliferation on the vitreal side of the inner limiting membrane of the retina. Histological and ultrastructural changes were examined by light and electron microscopy. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxy-UTP-nick end labelling (TUNEL) was used to detect apoptosis. RESULTS: The endothelial cell count per histological section was lower in groups C (p<0.0001), D (p<0.0001) and E (p<0.0001) compared with the control group B. Histological evaluation showed no retinal toxicity in any group. Electron microscopy revealed hyperoxia-induced mitochondrial dysmorphology in group B. Mitochondrial dysmorphology displayed dose-dependent gradual increase in IVB-injected eyes. Intravitreal bevacizumab induced no significant increase in apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSION: Bevacizumab suppresses endothelial cell proliferation in a ROP mouse model. In addition to hyperoxia-induced mitochondrial dysmorphology of C57BL/J6 retina, morphological findings implicate further mitochondrial vulnerability because of bevacizumab without increase in apoptotic cell death.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Neovascularização Retiniana/tratamento farmacológico , Retinopatia da Prematuridade/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Bevacizumab , Contagem de Células , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotélio Vascular/patologia , Humanos , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Recém-Nascido , Injeções Intravítreas , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Microscopia Eletrônica , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/ultraestrutura , Células Fotorreceptoras de Vertebrados/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Fotorreceptoras de Vertebrados/ultraestrutura , Neovascularização Retiniana/patologia , Vasos Retinianos/patologia , Retinopatia da Prematuridade/patologia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine and compare the amount of apoptosis and changes in rabbit corneal endothelial cell morphology after intracameral administration of different anesthetic agents. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Baskent University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey. METHODS: Right eyes of 64 Vienna white rabbits were injected intracamerally with preservative-free lidocaine hydrochloride 2%, ropivacaine 1%, levobupivacaine 0.75%, or fortified balanced salt solution (BSS Plus) (control). Animals were humanely killed 1 day or 7 days later. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxy-UTP-nick end labeling was used to detect apoptosis. Corneal endothelial cells and apoptotic cells were counted by light microscopy. The morphologic appearance was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: Apoptotic cell density was high in the anesthetic groups on day 1 (P<.01); there was no significant difference between groups at 7 days. Apoptotic cell density declined significantly between 1 day and 7 days in the anesthetic groups (P<.05) but not in the control group. There was no difference in endothelial cell density between the 4 groups at 1 or 7 days. All anesthetic groups showed degenerative changes on TEM, with the least change in the preservative-free lidocaine hydrochloride 2% group. CONCLUSIONS: Intracameral injections of preservative-free lidocaine, ropivacaine, and levobupivacaine induced significantly more apoptotic endothelial cell loss than BSS Plus and led to morphologic changes in the corneal endothelial cells in the early period. This effect was temporary, with recovery by 7 days. Considering the limited proliferative capacity in human eyes, the induced apoptosis might result in the permanent cell loss and enlargement in human corneal endothelium.