[The analysis of 49A/G CTLA4 gene polymorphism association with development of allergic rhinitis].

Polymorphism of 49A/G gene CTLA4 in 44 patients with allergic rhinitis and 70 conditioned healthy donors of Uzbek population has been analyzed. The "unfavourable allele" rate in general studied groups and control groups did not practically differ and was 73,3 and 72,9% correspondingly. The analysis of distribution of polymorphism 49A/G gene CTLA4 among the patients of the groups with allergic rhinitis depended on currency (seasonal form) and gender, while in the control groups statistical significant differences were not revealed. However, in patients with annually forms of allergic rhinitis the rate of functional "unfavourable allele" 49A/G gene CTLA4 increased in 1,3 times in comparison with the group with seasonal form and slightly in the control group.

[Lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidative protection enzymes in patients with aplastic anemia].

Aplastic anaemia (AA) in connection with liver damage is characterized by severe course of the disease, significant shift of the myelogram, considerable changes of blood picture, high lethality, taking in this pathological process various organs and digestion systems. Results of ultrasonic and biochemical researches show presence of deep changes in the liver, gall bladder and pancreas. The disbalance of lipid peroxidation and antioxidative protection system have been observed in these patients. It is revealed by decrease in the activity of enzymes of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, in increase in capacity of intermediate and end products of POL. It is especially expressed in combination of AA with liver damage. That's why it is necessary to provide a constant control of these organs.

[Mutation frequencies of the thrombophilic state genes in Uzbekistan].

The prevalence of mutations of the genes of the coagulation factor V (G1691A), the coagulation factor II (G20210A), and of MTHFR (C677T) was investigated in patients with deep vein thrombosis of lower extremities (DVT) and healthy people of Uzbek nationality. The following prevalence of the mutant alleles among patients in Uzbekistan was revealed: for factor V Leiden--12,9%, prothrombin--4%, MTHFR--47,8%. The mutant allele of C677T gene (47,8%) was highly expressed in patients with DVT. It was revealed that the mutation of MTHFR gene was more common among female patients with DVT than in male patients with DVT. In Uzbek population the mutation G20210A of the prothrombin gene was detected rarely than the mutations of MTHFR and factor Leiden. The penetrance and the role of these mutations in the development of the thrombosis of deep veins were studied.

[Modelling of arterial hypertension, biochemical fat and carbohydrate metabolism index in laboratory animals at simultaneous injecting insulin and cholesterol].

We studied status of arterial hypertension, biochemical fat and carbohydrate metabolism index in blood in male rabbits as a result of hyperchlesterolemia and hyperinsulinemia. We found that, chronic injection of insulin to rabbits with high serum cholesterol can increase level of arterial blood pressure.

[Rat reproductive cells as biological indicators of the effect of environmental factors]. / Reproduktivnye kletki krys kak biologicheskie indikatory vliianiia faktorov okruzhaiushchei sredy.

The effect of one-month-long inhalation exposure of male rats to sulphureous anhydrate, phenol, ammonia or to the mixture of these substances with formaldehyde and lead acetate, on the parameters of spermatogenesis was studied. The exposure of animals to sulphureous anhydrate or to the mixture indicated above resulted in the asynchronization of spermatogenic cycle, which was more significant than that caused by the separate application of substances studied. This mixture induced a 20% reduction in the number of tubules, containing spermatogonia, and a 20-30% increase in the number of tubules, containing spermatozoa. The structural and functional study of spermatogenic epithelium, considering stages of spermatogenic cycle, indicated that some cell populations form associations that are targets for the toxic agents studied.

[Morphological peculiarities of rat liver reaction to chronic xenobiotic exposure]. / Morfologicheskie osobennosti reaktsii pecheni krys na khronicheskoe vozdeistvie ksenobiotikami.

The data of the morphological studies of liver of animals subjected to chronic (3 months long) intoxication with different chemical substances (ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, fluorine, chromium, arsenic) are presented. The xenobiotics tested induced stereotyped responses in liver which differed in their intensity and the extent of hemomicrocirculatory and inflammatory-destructive alterations. Most pronounced reactive changes were found in animals exposed to arsenic compounds, while sodium nitrate caused practically no destructive changes in hepatocytes.

[The effect of perftoran on the morphofunctional status of the digestive system organs in experimental duodenal ulcer]. / Vliianie perftorana na morfo-funktsional'noe sostoianie organov pishchevaritel'noi sistemy pri éksperimental'noi iazve dvenadtsatiterstnoi kishki.

The authors studied the effect of perftoran (PF) on the morpho-functional parameters of alimentary system organs (ASO) (liver, pancreas, stomach, duodenum, and small intestine) in rats with experimental chronic acetate duodenal ulcer. Inflammatory-infiltrative and dystrophic changes were found in the ASO tissues which led to activation of the enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase in their homogenates. PF pharmacotherapy reduces the inflammatory-infiltrative changes in the ASO tissues and normalizes the enzyme systems of antioxidant protection.

[The effect of phenazepam on the pancreatic excretory function in thermal stress]. / Vliianie fenazepama na vneshnesekretornuiu funktsiiu podzheludochnoi zhelezy pri teplovom stresse.

The excretory function of the pancreas was studied on albino rats during thermal stress and ACTH (corticotropine) administration. Stress inhibited the enzyme-synthesizing and enzyme-secreting functions of the gland. The tranquilizer phenazepam influencing the GABA-ergic brain systems exerted a protective effect on pancreatic exosecretion in stress and its strength depended on the administration regimen of the drug. Experiments with corticotropine have shown that the antistress effect of phenazepam, to a certain extent is related to its action on the level of ACTH production in the hypophysis.

[The efficacy of Kvamatel and Omez in correcting disorders of the antioxidant system of the digestive tract organs in experimental duodenal ulcer]. / Effektivnost' kvamatela i omeza v korrektsii narushenii antioksidantnoi sistemy organov pishchevaritel'nogo trakta pri éksperimental'noi iazve dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

Experiments were performed on male albino rats with acetate duodenal ulcer to detect the changes in the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes--superoxydedismutase and catalase in the tissues of the liver, stomach, duodenum, and small intestine. The pronounced character of the changes depended on the degree of destruction and involvement of the intestinal system organs in the pathological process. Experimental quamatel or omez therapy corrected the detected changes in the antioxidant status of the tissues.

[Disorders of the processes of protein biosynthesis and a decrease in the content of cytochromes P-450 and b5 in the microsomal fraction of rat kidney in the dynamics of development of acute pyelonephritis]. / Narushenie protsessov biosinteza belka i snizhenie soderzhaniia tsitokhromov P-450 i b5 v mikrosomal'noi fraktsii pochek krys v dinamike razvitiia ostrogo pielonefrita.

Noticeable decrease in microsomal protein level MOS terminal component--cytochrome P-450 and MOS median link--cytochrome b5 contents in microsomal fraction implicated in renal pathologic process was established in development of acute unilateral pyelonephritis. These findings reduction expression directly depended on severity and pathologic process development degree. One of the main causes led to reduction in cytochromes P-450 and b5 level and inhibition proteins biosynthesis may be influence of toxic products which are generated in substance exchange involved in prevalence of catabolic processes in injured kidney and intensification in endogenous intoxication syndrome on renal structures. Implication of many other factors effecting decrease in microsomal hemoproteins and protein levels in the damaged kidney in above pathology showed necessity to perform further investigations in the field given.

[Toxic effects of various water pollutants on structural and functional parameters of hepatocytes]. / Osobennosti toksicheskogo deistviia nekotorykh zagriaznitelei vodnoi sredy na strukturno-funktsional'nye parametry gepatotsitov.

A prolonged intragastral intoxication of male and female rats by low doses of fluorine, zinc, chromium, arsenite, and combination of these compounds lead to developing cytolysis and hepatic-cellular insufficiency. These changes are more pronounced in female rats especially if chromium, arsenite and a combination of toxicants were used. They lead to developing hyper lipid peroxidation in male rats the most expressed by intoxication with arsenite and combined effect. Unlike to male rats LPO intensity in female rats was more pronounced and fixed by effect of all preparations. SOD activation was revealed to be in male rats by effect of chromium and especially zinc, in female rats by effect of fluorine and zinc. A distinctive inhibition of SOD activity determined to be by using arsenite and combination of toxicants. Activation of catalase especially in male rats was also revealed. Activation of membrane-destructive processes in the liver of experimental animals results in reducing pharmaco-metabolizing function of this organ.

[Acid-base state in rats with different resistance to hypoxia in experimental tracheal stenosis]. / Kislotno-osnovnoe sostoianie u krys s razlichnoi rezistentnost'iu k gipoksii pri éksperimental'nom stenoze trakhei.

Rats with different resistance to hypoxic hypoxia differ in parameters of their acid-base state: in high resistance, lower values for blood pH are recordable together with slightly higher pCO2 and content of non-volatile acids. Development of experimental stenosis of trachea in low- and high-resistant animals has been shown to significantly disturb the acid-base state (particularly in low-resistant rats). This process is compensatory-adaptive; it is characterized by development of respiratory acidosis at day 1 to 3, with the indices tending to return to the normal range at day 7, mixed acidosis developing later on.

[Dynamics of morphological changes in tissues from the pancreas, liver, and the small intestine mucosa in acute pancreatitis]. / Dinamika morfologicheskikh izmenenii v tkaniakh podzheludochnoi zhelezy, pecheni i slizistoi obolochki tonkoi kishki pri ostrom pankreatite.

In acute cryogenic pancreatitis, apart from morphological changes in the affected organ there come to be seen destructive changes in tissues of the liver and small intestine that is evidenced by development in the liver of reactive hepatitis which is, strickly speaking, a result of a toxic effect of the pancreatic tissue necrotic products. In the small intestinal mucosa the above events are manifested by reactive enteritis, in which case both inflammatory-and-destructive and adaptive-and-regenerative processes are clearly seen.

[Morphological characteristics of spermatogenesis in experimental juvenile hypothyroidism in rats]. / Morfologicheskie osobennosti spermatogeneza pri éksperimental'nom iuvenil'nom gipoterioze u krys.

Partisular features have been studied of spermatozoa and cells of spermatogenesis in rats in experimental hypothyroidism in the prepubertal period. Common features to be seen in the wake of hypothyroidism include a decline in the locomotor activity of spermatozoa and abnormalities in maturation of cells of spermatogenesis, which facts necessitate restoration of the thyroid function to prevent disorders of spermatogenesis in the fully-developed organism.

[Tonicity of autonomic nervous system in patients with complicated gastroduodenal ulcer]. / Sostoianie tonusa vegetativnoi nervnoi sistemy u bol'nykh s oslozhnennoi gastroduodenal'noi iazvoi.

Investigation of autonomic nervous system tonicity has been undertaken in 34 healthy persons (control group I), in 30 patients with non-complicated duodenal ulcer (control group 2), 38 patients with complicated gastroduodenal ulcer (10--with perforation, 13--with bleeding, 15--with stenosis) and 32 patients in the long-term period. The patients age was from 17 to 75 years. 72 patients were males and 28--females. Results of the study showed, that among the patients with complicated gastroduodenal ulcer there were eutonics and sympathicotonics, among those with non-complicated ulcer disease sympathotonics prevailed. To predict occurrence of complicated ulcer, determination of the tone of vegetative nervous system in patients with non-complicated ulcer in period between attacks is recommended. Identification of phenotype characteristics of vegetative nervous system tone allows to predict development of possible postoperative complications in patients with gastroduodenal ulcer.

[Changes in some parameters of nitric oxide synthesis in the early periods of development of hepatocarcinogenesis]. / Izmeneniia nekotorykh pokazatelei sinteza okisi azota v rannie periody razvitiia gepatokantserogeneza.

Our objective in this study was to determine some indices for the synthesis of nitric oxide in the early periods of diethylnitrosoamine-induced (10 mg/kg 5 times a week for two months) hepatocarcinogenesis in mature male rats (n = 100) and to gain insights into their relation to lipid peroxidation process. During the time-related course of hepatocarcinogenesis the blood serum level of L-arginin has been found to change significantly with time of the study while that of malonic dialdehyde tended to be on the increase. The SOD activity increased somewhat during the period of initiation, with its significant reduction recordable during the period of promotion and a striking increase in the initial period of progression. Unlike SOD, catalase was showing a tendency to increase after some decline in its activity.

[Effect of maternal toxic hepatitis on the functional characteristics of the lactation process]. / Vliianie toksicheskogo gepatita u materi na funktsional'nye osobennosti protsessa laktatsii.

The authors have studied the influence of chronic heliotrine intoxication on female rats subjected to it before their pregnancy and on the quantity of proteins, carbohydrates, activity of enzymes and immunocompetent cells (ICC) of rats milk during the period of breast feeding. Decrease in an amount of proteins and carbohydrates since the third day of lactation, lowering in dipeptidhydrolase, r-amilase and maltase activity were observed in the study. It has been also seen the decrease in an amount of ICC (monocytes, macrophages, small lymphocytes) just after parturitions. This deacrease was mostly expressed on the 14th day of lactation. IC cells were not determined in milk on the 21st day of breast feeding.

[Comparative evaluation of antioxidant properties of neoselen and berberin in chronic heliotrinal hepatitis]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka antioksidantnykh svoistv neoselena i berberina pri khonicheskom geliotrinovom gepatite.

Prominent features of heliotrin-related chronic toxical disorders of the liver developing in hepatic cirrohosis include hyperfermentemia, hypoproteinemia, intensification of lipid peroxidation (LPO), as evidenced by decrease in the activity of the antioxidant defence. In chronic active liver disorders, hyperfermentemia and hyperlipoperoxidation are common, but it is later in the course of the experiment that hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia and manifest depression of the antioxidant defence that come to be developing. Berberin experimental pharmacotherapy has been shown to attenuate the degree of hyperfermentemia, hyperlipoperoxidation and to increase levels of albumin and antioxidant defence enzymes, particularly so earlier in the course of the studies conducted but with aggravation of the pathological process the efficacy of the drug tended to be lower. Neoselen appeared to be effective in alleviating the cytologic syndrome, hyperlipoperoxidation, increasing the activity of the antioxidant defence enzymes. Patients are found to derive more benefit from neoselen therapy with prolongation of its use.

[Surgical aspects of non-respiratory activity of the lungs during acute pyonecrotizing diseases]. / Khirurgicheskie aspekty nerespiratornoi deiatel'nosti legkikh pri ikh ostrykh gnoino-destruktivnykh zabolevaniiakh.

The preoperative preparation program based upon the experience of treating 465 patients with acute pyonecrotizing diseases of lungs was developed. This system takes into account the stage of the disease (I--septic, II--stabilization, III--remission), endotoxicosis intensity and non respiratory activity of the affected lung (NRAL). The patients of the first group (I stage of the disease) with long-term subclavian vein catheterization were on the special scheme of NRAL correction, their supurative focuses being treated with electrized hypochlorite sodium solution. The system appeared to be effective in managing patients, in the first group--254 patients of which 202 (79,9%) were successfully treated without operation, as for the second group, there were only 52 (40,6%), in the third--26 (31,3%). By limiting and stabilizing the process, the effect of this preoperative preparation program was also seen in other patients. It allowed to perform less traumatic operations (lung resection) in 109 patients of the 179 operated on, with 8,7% of postoperative complications in 8,7% in the first group vers. 18,4% and 24,6% in the second and third, respectively. Thus the above mentioned results show the proposed system to be effective.

[Enzymatic activity of the pancreas and small intestinal mucosa in modelling of toxic hepatitis by administration of heliotrine]. / Fermentativnaia aktivnost' podzheludochnoi zhelezy i slizistoi obolochki tonkoi kishki pri modelirovanii toksicheskogo gepatita vvedeniem geliotrina.

The activity of pancreatic (alpha-amylase, protease, and lipase) and enteral (maltase, glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase, monoglyceride lipase) was studied in the experiments on adult male Wistar rats weighting 350 +/- 35 g 1-3, 7, 10, 30, 60, and 90 days after injection of a single dose of 25 mg per 100 g body weight. Acute heliotrine intoxication (in a toxic hepatitis model) was shown to lead to a marked decrease in the activities of both pancreatic and intestinal enzymes. It is suggested that the changes may be associated with the direct action of heliotrine on the pancreas and small intestinal mucosa or with hepatic failure.