RESUMO
In this study, novel functional polymers were obtained by using glycerol as a bio-based precursor, which is abundant and inexpensive renewable feedstock with a polyol skeleton. Cyclic vinyl ethers with acetal linkage were derived from glycerol to yield well-defined copolymers by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical copolymerization with common vinyl monomers. The resulting acetal-containing copolymers could be hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to afford water-soluble functional polymers with pendent diols.
Assuntos
Éteres Cíclicos , Glicerol , Acetais , Polimerização , PolímerosRESUMO
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering skin disorder. Recently, BP induced by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors has been a concern. Although DPP-4 inhibitors are commonly used in the Asian population because of their safety and efficacy, BP associated with DPP-4 inhibitors is sometimes seen in clinical settings. Here, we report five Japanese cases of BP associated with the agents. In the present cases, BP occurred in older adults using four different DPP-4 inhibitors, which showed various clinical manifestations in terms of latency period for BP, sex, glycemic control and diabetes duration. Withdrawal of DPP-4 inhibitors was effective in improving BP, and achieved remission even in cases requiring oral steroid administration and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Clinicians should note the importance of early diagnosis of this clinical condition and initiate prompt withdrawal of DPP-4 inhibitors.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Inibidores da Dipeptidil Peptidase IV/efeitos adversos , Hipoglicemiantes/efeitos adversos , Penfigoide Bolhoso/induzido quimicamente , Penfigoide Bolhoso/diagnóstico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Povo Asiático , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Linagliptina/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pirimidinas/efeitos adversos , Fosfato de Sitagliptina/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The delayed diagnosis of insulinoma remains a clinical issue. One of the main causes of such a delay is hypoglycemia unawareness. A 53-year-old woman fell unconscious during postprandial exercises. Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) systems revealed glucose profiles with fasting hypoglycemia, which facilitated the clinical diagnosis of insulinoma even though she was unaware of her hypoglycemia. The preoperative comparison of the blood glucose values provided by FGM with those obtained from capillary blood were consistent. Thus, FGM may have potential utility in revealing the presence of insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.