RESUMO
Humans have innate immunity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei that is known to involve apolipoprotein L-I (APOL1). Recently, a case of T. evansi infection in a human was identified in India. We investigated whether the APOL1 pathway was involved in this occurrence. The serum of the infected patient was found to have no trypanolytic activity, and the finding was linked to the lack of APOL1, which was due to frameshift mutations in both APOL1 alleles. Trypanolytic activity was restored by the addition of recombinant APOL1. The lack of APOL1 explained the patient's infection with T. evansi.
Assuntos
Apolipoproteínas/deficiência , Apolipoproteínas/genética , Mutação da Fase de Leitura , Lipoproteínas HDL/deficiência , Lipoproteínas HDL/genética , Trypanosoma , Tripanossomíase/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Apolipoproteína L1 , Apolipoproteínas/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Lipoproteínas HDL/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapêutico , Trypanosoma/isolamento & purificação , Tripanossomíase/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
After discovery of the first recorded case of human infection with Trypanosoma evansi, serologic screening of 1,806 persons from the village of origin of the patient in India was performed using the card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis and T. evansi. A total of 410 (22.7%) people were positive by whole blood, but only 81 were confirmed positive by serum. However, no trypanosomes were detected in the blood of 60 people who were positive at a high serum dilution. The results probably indicate frequent exposure of the human population to T. evansi in the study area, which suggests frequent vector transmission of parasites to humans. Although T. evansi is not infective for humans, a follow-up of seropositive persons is required to observe the evolution of human infection with this parasite.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Trypanosoma/imunologia , Trypanosoma/isolamento & purificação , Tripanossomíase/epidemiologia , Tripanossomíase/parasitologia , Testes de Aglutinação , Animais , Antígenos de Protozoários/sangue , Coleta de Dados , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , População Rural , Trypanosoma/classificação , Tripanossomíase/diagnósticoRESUMO
An outbreak of leptospirosis occurred during the rainy season in the city of Mumbai, India. Out of 169 suspected cases, 74 (43.7%) were determined serologically positive by microagglutination test (MAT) carried out with a battery of eight pathogenic serovars, while 78 (46.1%) were shown positive for IgM antibodies to leptospira by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. On the basis of MAT, serovar Copenhageni accounted for 66 (89.1%) out of the 74 cases admitted during the period of the outbreak. Myalgia, conjunctival suffusion, cough with hemoptysis, icterus, and oliguria were significantly more common in patients whose samples were determined positive by MAT. The presence of pulmonary signs and symptoms and renal failure were significantly associated with mortality in patients presumed to be suffering from leptospirosis.