Solidagenone from Solidago chilensis Meyen Protects against Acute Peritonitis and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Shock by Regulating NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Anti-inflammatory agents are widely used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, the associated side effects of the available drugs make it necessary to search for new anti-inflammatory drugs. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of solidagenone. Initially, we observed that a single dose of 30, 60, or 90 mg/kg of solidagenone did not result in mortality or elicit any discernible signs of toxicity in mice. At the same doses, solidagenone promoted a significant reduction in the migration of neutrophils in an acute peritonitis model and decreased mortality in a lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxic shock model. Interestingly, treatment with solidagenone conferred a protective effect against leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, hematological disorders commonly observed in sepsis conditions. In addition, treatment with all the doses of solidagenone promoted a significant reduction in nitric oxide, TNF-α, and IL-1ß levels relative to the LPS-stimulated vehicle-treated cultures. Furthermore, gene expression and in silico analyses also supported the modulation of the NF-κB pathway by solidagenone. Finally, in silico pharmacokinetics predictions indicated a favorable drugability profile for solidagenone. Taken together, the findings of the present investigation show that solidagenone exhibits significant anti-inflammatory properties in acute experimental models, potentially through the modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

The protective effect of solidagenone from Solidago chilensis Meyen in a mouse model of airway inflammation.

Solidagenone is the main active constituent present in Solidago chilensis Meyen which is used in folk medicine to treat pain and inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of solidagenone in vitro and in a model of allergic airway inflammation. In vitro studies were performed in activated macrophages and lymphocytes. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin and treated with solidagenone orally (30 or 90 mg/kg body weight) or dexamethasone, as a positive control in our in vivo analysis. Supernatant concentrations of nitrite, TNF and IL-1ß, as well as gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in macrophages cultures, were reduced after solidagenone treatment, without affecting macrophages viability. Besides, solidagenone significantly decreased T cell proliferation and secretion of IFNγ and IL-2. Th2 cytokine concentrations and inflammatory cell counts, especially eosinophils, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were reduced in mice treated with solidagenone. Histopathological evaluation of lung tissue was performed, and morphometrical analyses demonstrated reduction of cellular infiltration and mucus hypersecretion. Altogether, solidagenone presented anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo in the OVA-induced airway inflammation model, suggesting its promising pharmacological use as an anti-inflammatory agent for allergic hypersensitivity.

Caracterização de flavonoides por CLAE-UV-PDA em tintura de inflorescências de Solidago chilensis Meyen cultivada em Itaipava (RJ)

Solidago chilensis (=Solidago microglossa) é uma espécie amplamente utilizada pela população e constante da lista RENISUS de espécies medicinais utilizadas nos serviços de saúde. Essa espécie é utilizada em desordens inflamatórias em substituição à Arnica montana. Flavonoides agem como anti-inflamatórios por diferentes mecanismos de ação, inibindo enzimas como a fosfolipase, lipoxigenase ou cicloxigenases. Flavonoides derivados da quercetina são inibidores da COX‒2 e da NOS e diminuem a adesão de células inflamatórias ao endotélio vascular, sendo os principais componentes dos extratos alcoólicos e hidroalcoólicos de plantas do gênero Solidago. Este trabalho busca contribuir para o atendimento à saúde pública e viabilizar o desenvolvimento sustentável econômico, através da fitoterapia; para a conservação ambiental, pela utilização de inflorescências e, socialmente, visando a inclusão de novo medicamento fitoterápico no SUS. Portanto, são necessárias a validação, a padronização e a garantia da segurança e eficácia das tinturas, determinando seus marcadores químicos e/ou biológicos. A tintura de inflorescências de S. chilensis foi produzida de acordo com a Farmacopeia Brasileira IV (FB 4) e analisada por CLAE-UV-PDA. As substâncias eluídas foram analisadas quanto ao tempo de retenção, sua absorção em UV à 310nm e dados da literatura. Os flavonoides aqui caracterizados são amplamente descritos para o gênero Solidago e Solidago chilensis e, possivelmente, estão relacionados às ações farmacológicas observadas para essa espécie.