RESUMO
Chondrocytes are derived from mesenchymal stem cells and play an essential role in endochondral ossification. Transcription factors, Sox9, Runx2, Runx3 and Osterix are critical for endochondral ossification, and regulate differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes, and proliferation, maturation and apoptosis of chondrocytes. Recent advances in gene cloning approaches utilizing microarray and high-throughput sequencing technologies have revealed functional regulatory mechanisms of these transcription factors and contributed to understanding of molecular mechanisms of complex and harmonious chondrocyte differentiation.
Assuntos
Osso e Ossos/citologia , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Condrócitos/citologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Animais , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Condrócitos/metabolismo , Humanos , Osteogênese , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
Genetic and biochemical studies have identified transcription factors critical and specific for bone and cartilage development. More recent studies revealed the molecular mechanisms how these transcription factors regulate bone and cartilage development. Especially, we appreciate recent advances in molecular function of the complex assembled by these transcription factors and epigenetic regulation of them. Aging, inflammation, biological stress, and disorder of endocrine system induce several bone and/or cartilage diseases by affecting the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. In this review, we would like to describe the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation during developmental and pathological stages. In addition, we discuss possible application of these information in regeneration of bone and cartilage.