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This study used mixed methods to explore the impact of front-of-package health claims and bonus pack messages on consumer evaluations. First, a comprehensive audit of cereal box packages at the world's largest retailer examined how these messages are presented in practice. It was found that negative claims are more frequent and positive claims are less frequent on products with a bonus pack message compared to those without. A subsequent experiment investigated how combinations of health claims and bonus pack messages influence consumer evaluations. It also found that health claims significantly influenced consumer preferences, while bonus pack messages diminished perceptions of food healthiness but increased perceived value. Pairing positive health claims with bonus pack messages, such as "Family Size," improved perceptions of healthiness. Moreover, positive health claims made products seem of lower value, whereas negative health claims did not affect perceived value. Health claims negatively affected value perceptions, even when paired with bonus pack messages like "Large Size." However, the negative effect of health claims on tastiness perceptions was mitigated with "Large Size". The study underscores the complexity of consumer decision-making, and offer insights for food marketers, emphasizing the need of a strategic approach in crafting health-related messaging and promotional strategies for product packaging.
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Comportamento de Escolha , Comportamento do Consumidor , Rotulagem de Alimentos , Embalagem de Alimentos , Preferências Alimentares , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Rotulagem de Alimentos/métodos , Preferências Alimentares/psicologia , Embalagem de Alimentos/métodos , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Percepção , Adolescente , Dieta Saudável/psicologia , PaladarRESUMO
Preterm birth (PTB) refers to delivery before 37 weeks of gestation. Premature neonates exhibit higher neonatal morbidity and mortality rates than term neonates; therefore, predicting and preventing PTB are important. In this study, we investigated the potential of using short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, specific vaginal microbiota-derived metabolites, as a biomarker in predicting PTB using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) was collected from 89 pregnant women (29 cases of PTB vs. 60 controls) without evidence of other clinical infections, and SCFA levels were measured. Furthermore, the PTB group was divided into two subgroups based on birth timing after CVF sampling: delivery ≤ 2 days after sampling (n = 10) and ≥2 days after sampling (n = 19). The concentrations of propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hexanoic acid, and heptanoic acid were significantly higher in the PTB group than in the term birth (TB) group (p < 0.05). In particular, the concentrations of propionic acid, isobutyric acid, hexanoic acid, and heptanoic acid were continuously higher in the PTB group than in the TB group (p < 0.05). In the delivery ≤ 2 days after sampling group, the propionic acid, isobutyric acid, hexanoic acid, and heptanoic acid levels were significantly higher than those in the other groups (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated a significant association between specific SCFAs and PTB. We propose these SCFAs as potential biomarkers for the prediction of PTB.
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Caproatos , Isobutiratos , Nascimento Prematuro , Propionatos , Gravidez , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Nascimento Prematuro/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis , Biomarcadores/metabolismoRESUMO
Nanobodies derived from camelids and sharks offer unique advantages in therapeutic applications due to their ability to bind to epitopes that were previously inaccessible. Traditional methods of nanobody development face challenges such as ethical concerns and antigen toxicity. Our study presents a synthetic, phagedisplayed nanobody library using trinucleotide-directed mutagenesis technology, which allows precise amino acid composition in complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), with a focus on CDR3 diversity. This approach avoids common problems such as frameshift mutations and stop codon insertions associated with other synthetic antibody library construction methods. By analyzing FDA-approved nanobodies and Protein Data Bank sequences, we designed sub-libraries with different CDR3 lengths and introduced amino acid substitutions to improve solubility. The validation of our library through the successful isolation of nanobodies against targets such as PD-1, ATXN1 and STAT3 demonstrates a versatile and ethical platform for the development of high specificity and affinity nanobodies and represents a significant advance in biotechnology.
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We propose the multi-directional viewing-zone extension of computer-generated holograms (CGHs) using a single flat-panel spatial light modulator (SLM) and a multi-directional shuffle interconnection. A design breaking the SLM plane into several sub-zone regions and creating extended viewing-zones through a multi-directional shuffle interconnection is presented with a proof-of-concept experiment generating a cone-like viewing zone subtended by sixteen sub-viewing-zones.
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ABSTRACT: Beta-blockers are recommended as a standard treatment for patients who experience a myocardial infarction (MI). However, the evidence supporting this recommendation is based on the prereperfusion era data. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of long-term (≥1 year) beta-blocker therapy in post-MI patients without clinical heart failure (HF) in the reperfusion era. We included observational cohort studies, which compared at least 1 year use of beta-blockers to no beta-blockers in patients with an acute MI, but without HF. The clinical endpoint considered was all-cause mortality, except for cardiovascular death in one study. Five cohort studies and 217,532 patients were included. One study demonstrated a reduction in all-cause mortality with beta-blockers, whereas, in 4 studies, there was no difference in the death rate. The pooled estimate by random effect showed that beta-blocker treatment does not reduce mortality (odds ratio 0.800, 95% confidence interval 0.559-1.145) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 94%). This meta-analysis shows that the use of oral beta-blockers for 1 year or more does not reduce the mortality of MI patients without HF. Large randomized trials need to evaluate beta-blocker discontinuation after an acute MI.
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Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta , Infarto do Miocárdio , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Coortes , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Humanos , Infarto do Miocárdio/tratamento farmacológico , Reperfusão , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We have recently shown how a polarized beam in Talbot-Lau interferometric imaging can be used to analyze strong magnetic fields through the spin dependent differential phase effect at field gradients. While in that case an adiabatic spin coupling with the sample field is required, here we investigate a nonadiabatic coupling causing a spatial splitting of the neutron spin states with respect to the external magnetic field. This subsequently leads to no phase contrast signal but a loss of interferometer visibility referred to as dark-field contrast. We demonstrate how the implementation of spin analysis to the Talbot-Lau interferometer setup enables one to recover the differential phase induced to a single spin state. Thus, we show that the dark-field contrast is a measure of the quantum mechanical spin split analogous to the Stern-Gerlach experiment without, however, spatial beam separation. In addition, the spin analyzed dark-field contrast imaging introduced here bears the potential to probe polarization dependent small-angle scattering and thus magnetic microstructures.
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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aims to identify the effects of cognitive and emotional variables related to immersive virtual reality media technology on learning for nursing students. Methods/Statistical analysis: The subjects of this study were 121 nursing students from a university in area D. After experiential learning with virtual reality from 6-8 June 2019, data was collected through questionnaires. For virtual reality learning, VIVE's hTC VIVE ECO CE model was used. The collected data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS 26.0 program. Multiple Regression Analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the subject's virtual reality learning effects. FINDINGS: The learning effects of the virtual reality medium had a statistically significant positive correlation with the virtual reality technology recognition, sensory immersion, realism, learning satisfaction, learning necessity, and continuous use intention (p < 0.001) scores. In personality traits, only Openness, Extraversion (p < 0.01), and Conscientiousness (p < 0.05) had a statistically significant positive correlation. As a result of regression analysis, the explanatory power of the learning effect of the virtual reality medium was 63.9% (F = 53.61, p < 0.001), with learning satisfaction, sensory immersion, continuous use intention, and Extraversion being significant influencing factors (p < 0.05). Improvements/Applications: This study is meaningful in the sense that it provided strategic implications for the teaching and learning method of virtual reality technology-based learning by considering the insights necessary to develop a learning program using virtual reality technology, according to the characteristics of virtual reality technology, and the learner's cognitive and psychological variables.
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Estudantes de Enfermagem , Realidade Virtual , Humanos , Aprendizagem , Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas , TecnologiaRESUMO
Preterm birth (PTB) refers to the birth of infants before 37 weeks of gestation and is a challenging issue worldwide. Evidence reveals that PTB is a multifactorial dysregulation mediated by a complex molecular mechanism. Thus, a better understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying PTB is a prerequisite to explore effective therapeutic approaches. During early pregnancy, various physiological and metabolic changes occur as a result of endocrine and immune metabolism. The microbiota controls the physiological and metabolic mechanism of the host homeostasis, and dysbiosis of maternal microbial homeostasis dysregulates the mechanistic of fetal developmental processes and directly affects the birth outcome. Accumulating evidence indicates that metabolic dysregulation in the maternal or fetal membranes stimulates the inflammatory cytokines, which may positively progress the PTB. Although labour is regarded as an inflammatory process, it is still unclear how microbial dysbiosis could regulate the molecular mechanism of PTB. In this review based on recent research, we focused on both the pathological and therapeutic contribution of microbiota-generated metabolites to PTB and the possible molecular mechanisms.
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Disbiose/microbiologia , Microbiota , Nascimento Prematuro/metabolismo , Nascimento Prematuro/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Membranas Extraembrionárias/metabolismo , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Nascimento Prematuro/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death, and even timely treatment can result in severe disabilities. Reperfusion of the ischemic stroke region and restoration of the blood supply often lead to a series of cellular and biochemical consequences, including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of inflammatory cytokines, inflammation, and cerebral cell damage, which is collectively called cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Since ROS and inflammatory cytokines are involved in cerebral IR injury, injury could involve cellular senescence. Thus, we investigated whether senolytic therapy that eliminates senescent cells could be an effective treatment for cerebral IR injury. To determine whether IR induces neural cell senescence in vitro, astrocytes were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). OGD/R induced astrocyte senescence and senescent cells in OGD/R-injured astrocytes were effectively eliminated in vitro by ABT263, a senolytic agent. IR in rats with intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion induced cellular senescence in the ischemic region. The senescent cells in IR-injured rats were effectively eliminated by intravenous injections of ABT263. Importantly, ABT263 treatment significantly reduced the infarct volume and improved neurological function in behavioral tests. This study demonstrated, for the first time, that senolytic therapy has therapeutic potential for cerebral IR injury.
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Compostos de Anilina/farmacologia , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Senescência Celular , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Senoterapia/farmacologia , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/patologia , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/complicações , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/etiologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologiaRESUMO
We study an analyzer grating based on a scintillation light blocker for a Talbot-Lau grating interferometer. This is an alternative way to analyze the Talbot self-image without the need for an often difficult to fabricate absorption grating for the incident radiation. The feasibility of this approach using a neutron beam has been evaluated and experiments have been conducted at the cold neutron imaging facility of the NIST center for Neutron Research. The neutron grating interferometer with the proposed analyzer grating successfully produced attenuation, differential phase, and dark-field contrast images. In addition, numerical simulations were performed to simulate the Talbot pattern and visibility using scintillation screens of different thicknesses and there is good agreement with the experimental measurements. The results show potential for reducing the difficulty of fabricating analyzer grating, and a possibility for the so-called shadow effect to be eliminated and large-area gratings to be produced, especially when applied to X-rays. We report the performance of the analyzer grating based on a light blocker and evaluate its feasibility for the grating interferometer.
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A Gram-reaction-positive, strictly aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile actinobacterium, designated C1-24T, was isolated from a soil sample collected inside a natural cave. The organism exhibited a rod-coccus developmental cycle during its growth phase. Results of 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that the novel strain belonged to the genus Rhodococcus and formed a distinct sublineage at the base of the radiation including a Rhodococcus enclensis-Rhodococcus kroppenstedtii-Rhodococcus corynebacterioides-Rhodococcus trifoli cluster. In the results of phylogenomic analysis, the novel strain was loosely associated to Rhodococcus corynebacterioides. The closest relatives were Rhodococcus qingshengii (98.01â% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus degradans (98.01â%). The genome size was 5.66 Mbp and the DNA G+C content was 64.30 mol%. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic diamino acid and sugars. MK-8(H2) was the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified glycolipid and three unidentified phospholipids. Mycolic acids were present. The major fatty acids were C16â:â0, C18â:â1 ω9c, C16â:â1 ω7c and/or C16â:â1 ω6c and 10-methyl C18â:â0. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values revealed that the novel strain should be assigned to a different species. Based on the combined data obtained here, strain C1-24T (=KACC 19964T=DSM 109484T) represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which Rhodococcus cavernicola sp. nov. is proposed. Also, it is proposed that R. degradans is a later heterosynonym of R. qingshengii based on analyses of 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences.
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Cavernas/microbiologia , Filogenia , Rhodococcus/classificação , Animais , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Graxos/química , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolipídeos/química , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , República da Coreia , Rhodococcus/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Microbiologia do Solo , Vitamina K 2/análogos & derivados , Vitamina K 2/químicaRESUMO
A Gram-reaction-negative bacterial strain, designated GH1-19T, was isolated from a tidal mudflat sample collected in Gangwha Island, Republic of Korea. Cells of the novel micro-organism were strictly aerobic, non-sporulating, motile and rod-shaped. Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6-9 (pH 8) and in the presence of 1-9â% NaCl (3 %). Comparative analysis of complete or nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequences exhibited that strain GH1-19T formed a distinct cluster between Marimonas arenosa CAU 1311T (97.42â% sequence similarity) and Aquicoccus porphyridii L1 8-17T (97.35 %). Similarity levels of 16S rRNA gene sequences between the novel strain and other members of the family Rhodobacteraceae were below 96.6â%. The isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. The major fatty acids were C18â:â1ω7c, C16â:â0, summed feature 3 (C16â:â0 ω7c and/or C16â:â0 ω6c) and C12â:â0 3-OH. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. The G+C content of the DNA was 63.2 mol% (draft genome). DNA-DNA relatedness value between the novel strain and the type strain of Marimonas arenosa was 12.7±9.0â%. On the basis of data from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization studies together with phylogenetic analyses, strain GH1-19T (=KCTC 62376T=DSM 106292T) represents a novel species of the genus Marimonas, for which the name Marimonas lutisalis sp. nov. is proposed, with the emended description of the genus Marimonas.
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Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiologia , Filogenia , Rhodobacteraceae/classificação , Água do Mar/microbiologia , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Graxos/química , Ilhas , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolipídeos/química , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , República da Coreia , Rhodobacteraceae/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Ubiquinona/químicaRESUMO
A Gram-reaction-negative, motile by gliding, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain GH4-78T, was isolated from the tidal mudflat of a beach in the Republic of Korea. Cells were aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and produced cream-coloured colonies. Q-8 was the only isoprenoid quinone. The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18â:â1 ω7c and/or C18â:â1 ω6c), summed feature 3 (C16â:â1 ω6c and/or C16â:â1 ω7c) and C16â:â0. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Results of phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GH4-78T formed a distinct lineage with Halioglobus sediminis (98.2â% sequence similarity). The DNA G+C content was 59.9 mol%. The average nucleotide identity value with the closest relative was 82.90â%. On the basis of the results from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses, strain GH4-78T (=KCTC 62383T=DSM 106349T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Halieaceae, for which the name Seongchinamella unica gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. Moreover, the transfers of Halioglobus sediminis Han et al. 2019 to Seongchinamella sediminis comb. nov. and Halioglobus lutimaris Shi et al. 2018 to Pseudohalioglobus gen. nov. as Pseudohalioglobus lutimaris comb. nov. are also proposed, with the emended description of the genus Halioglobus.
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Gammaproteobacteria/classificação , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiologia , Filogenia , Água do Mar/microbiologia , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Graxos/química , Gammaproteobacteria/isolamento & purificação , Fosfolipídeos/química , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , República da Coreia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Ubiquinona/químicaRESUMO
This study evaluated the potential of iron oxide nanoparticle-loaded human embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived spherical neural masses (SNMs) to improve the transportation of stem cells to the brain, ameliorate brain damage from intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and recover the functional status after ICH under an external magnetic field of a magnet attached to a helmet. At 24 h after induction of ICH, rats were randomly separated into three experimental groups: ICH with injection of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS group), ICH with intravenous injection of magnetosome-like ferrimagnetic iron oxide nanocubes (FION)-labeled SNMs (SNMs* group), and ICH with intravenous injection of FION-labeled SNMs followed by three days of external magnetic field exposure for targeted delivery by a magnet-embedded helmet (SNMs*+Helmet group). On day 3 after ICH induction, an increased Prussian blue-stained area and decreased swelling volume were observed in the SNMs*+Helmet group compared with that of the other groups. A significantly decreased recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils and a downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines followed by improved neurological function three days after ICH were observed in the SNMs*+Helmet group. Hemispheric atrophy at six weeks after ICH was significantly decreased in the SNMs*+Helmet group compared with that of the PBS group. In conclusion, we have developed a targeted delivery system using FION tagged to stem cells and a magnet-embedded helmet. The targeted delivery of SNMs might have the potential for developing novel therapeutic strategies for ICH.
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Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemorragia Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas/metabolismo , Magnetoterapia/métodos , Nanopartículas Magnéticas de Óxido de Ferro/química , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Escala de Avaliação Comportamental , Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/efeitos da radiação , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos da radiação , Hemorragia Cerebral/radioterapia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/radioterapia , Injeções Intravenosas , Masculino , Células-Tronco Neurais/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/fisiologia , Esferoides Celulares/metabolismoRESUMO
The taxonomic status of a Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain GH3-15T, was examined by a polyphasic approach. The strain, which was isolated from the rhizosphere mudflat of a halophyte at the seashore of Gangwha Island, Republic of Korea, was found to belong to the family Erythrobacteraceae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The closest phylogenetic neighbour was Erythrobacter xanthus SM1501T (98.3â% sequence similarity). Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain GH3-15T to other members of the family Erythrobacteracae were <97.1â%. The respiratory quinone was Q-10. The major fatty acids were C17â:â1ω6c, C18â:â1ω7c, C15â:â0 2-OH, 11-methyl C18â:â1ω7c and C17â:â0. The polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and sphingoglycolipid. The novel isolate exhibited growth at 20-40 °C, at pH 5-9, and in the presence of 1-7â% (w/v) NaCl. DNA relatedness between strain GH3-15T and its closet relative was 32.9±8.8â%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, in addition to a distinct phylogenetic position, strain GH3-15T (=KCTC 62380T=JCM 32445T) represents a novel species of the genus Erythrobacter, for which the name Erythrobactersuaedae sp. nov. is proposed.
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Chenopodiaceae/microbiologia , Filogenia , Rizosfera , Plantas Tolerantes a Sal/microbiologia , Água do Mar/microbiologia , Sphingomonadaceae/classificação , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Graxos/química , Ilhas , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolipídeos/química , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , República da Coreia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Sphingomonadaceae/isolamento & purificação , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Ubiquinona/químicaRESUMO
A novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strain, designated C9-28T, was isolated from soil sampled in a natural cave on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Strain C9-28T morphologically exhibited a rod-coccus life cycle and grew at 10-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 7) and 0-3â% (optimum, absence of NaCl). In the maximum-likelihood tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain C9-28T formed a sublineage between a Rhodococcus equi-Rhodococcus soli-Rhodococcus agglutinans clade and the type strain of Rhodococcus defluvii. The closest relatives of strain C9-28T were the type strains of R. defluvii (98.88â% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), R. equi (98.88â%) and R. soli (98.60â%). The phylogenomic tree based on whole genome sequences supported the distinct position of the novel strain within the genus Rhodococcus. The following chemotaxonomic characteristics also supported the assignment to the genus: meso-diaminopimelic acid; arabinose and galactose in whole-cell hydrolysates; the predominant menaquinone of MK-8(H2); and polar lipids including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, three unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified lipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C16â:â0, summed feature 3 (C16â:â1ω7c and/or C16â:â1ω6c), C18â:â1ω9c and C14â:â0. Based on the values of average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization from whole genome sequences, and in vitro DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolate and the closest relatives, strain C9-28T (=KACC 19823T=DSM 107559T) represents a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcussubtropicus sp. nov. is proposed.
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Cavernas/microbiologia , Filogenia , Rhodococcus/classificação , Microbiologia do Solo , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácido Diaminopimélico/química , Ácidos Graxos/química , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolipídeos/química , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , República da Coreia , Rhodococcus/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Vitamina K 2/análogos & derivados , Vitamina K 2/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Anemia is associated with impaired quality of life (QoL). We examined the relationship between anemia and QoL in the Korean population using the EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D) questionnaire. METHODS: Data of 30,526 subjects were included from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2016). The QoL was assessed using three-levels of the EQ-5D questionnaire (G1, G2, and G3). Analysis of variance was used to compare the prevalence of anemia according to the three levels of health status in each of the five dimensions of EQ-5D. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between hemoglobin level and QoL, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for low levels of each of the five dimensions of EQ-5D. RESULTS: As the level of EQ-5D was worse (from G1 to G3), the prevalence of anemia increased (p for trend < 0.001). Hemoglobin level and EQ-5D showed positive association after adjusting for all covariates such as age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, exercise, education, income, marital status, urban living, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, chronic kidney disease, total calorie intake, and protein intake. Subjects with anemia had increased ORs for low levels (G2 + G3) of each dimension of EQ-5D compared to subjects without anemia. ORs and 95% CIs for mobility, self-care, and usual activities were 1.208(1.078, 1.353), 1.161(0.98, 1.376), and 1.331(1.173, 1.51), respectively, after adjusting for all covariates. Pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression were not associated with increased ORs for low levels of EQ-5D. CONCLUSIONS: In South Korea, low QoL was associated with anemia, particularly in the mobility, self-care, and usual activities dimensions of EQ-5D.
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Anemia/epidemiologia , Qualidade de Vida , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Prevalência , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
A sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, designated strain KBB12T, was isolated from swinery waste collected in Jeju, Republic of Korea. The cells were Gram-stain-negative, flagellated and rod-shaped. Growth occurred at 15-45 °C (optimum, 30-37 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-1â% (w/v) NaCl. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (iso-C15â:â0 2-OH and/or C16â:â1 ω7c, C16â:â0 and C18â:â1ω7c. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) and the DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that the novel isolate belongs to the genus Melaminivora and was most closely related to Melaminivora alkalimesophila CY1T (97.2â% similarity). The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain KBB12T and M. alkalimesophila DSM26005T was 43.4±2.7â%. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that strain KBB12T represents a novel species of the genus Melaminivora, for which the name Melaminivora jejuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KBB12T (=KCTC 32230T=JCM 18740T).
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Comamonadaceae/classificação , Esterco/microbiologia , Filogenia , Animais , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , Comamonadaceae/genética , Comamonadaceae/isolamento & purificação , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Graxos/química , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolipídeos/química , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , República da Coreia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Suínos , Ubiquinona/químicaRESUMO
This study reports a hub-spoke type joint torque sensor involving strain gauges made of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). We developed the novel joint torque sensor for robots by means of MWCNT/epoxy strain sensors (0.8 wt%, gauge factor 2) to overcome the limits of conventional foil strain gauges. Solution mixing process was hired to fabricate a liquid strain sensor that can easily be installed on any complicated surfaces. We painted the MWCNT/epoxy mixing liquid on the hub-spoke type joint torque sensor to form the piezoresistive strain gauges. The painted sensor converted its strain into torque by mean of the installed hub-spoke structure after signal processing. We acquired sufficient torque voltage responses from the painted MWCNT/epoxy strain sensor.
RESUMO
Polymerases have a structurally highly conserved negatively charged amino acid motif that is strictly required for Mg(2+) cation-dependent catalytic incorporation of (d)NTP nucleotides into nucleic acids. Based on these characteristics, a nucleoside monophosphonate scaffold, α-carboxy nucleoside phosphonate (α-CNP), was designed that is recognized by a variety of polymerases. Kinetic, biochemical, and crystallographic studies with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase revealed that α-CNPs mimic the dNTP binding through a carboxylate oxygen, two phosphonate oxygens, and base-pairing with the template. In particular, the carboxyl oxygen of the α-CNP acts as the potential equivalent of the α-phosphate oxygen of dNTPs and two oxygens of the phosphonate group of the α-CNP chelate Mg(2+), mimicking the chelation by the ß- and γ-phosphate oxygens of dNTPs. α-CNPs (i) do not require metabolic activation (phosphorylation), (ii) bind directly to the substrate-binding site, (iii) chelate one of the two active site Mg(2+) ions, and (iv) reversibly inhibit the polymerase catalytic activity without being incorporated into nucleic acids. In addition, α-CNPs were also found to selectively interact with regulatory (i.e., allosteric) Mg(2+)-dNTP-binding sites of nucleos(t)ide-metabolizing enzymes susceptible to metabolic regulation. α-CNPs represent an entirely novel and broad technological platform for the development of specific substrate active- or regulatory-site inhibitors with therapeutic potential.