RESUMO
From November 2002 to February 2008, 2,251 crane feces were collected at the Izumi Plain in Kagoshima Prefecture. Salmonella enterica was isolated from 359 feces (15.9%), of which 332 (92.5%) were Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), 9 were S. Hvittingfoss/II, 4 were S. Abaetetuba, 3 were S. Enteritidis, 2 were S. Konstanz, 1 was S. Pakistan and 8 were untyped isolates, respectively. Against 12 antimicrobial agents, no resistant strains were found in 154 isolates examined, but one was found to be resistant to ampicillin. By pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), all but one of the 68 ST isolates tested showed indistinguishable banding patterns; one had a different pattern. The results suggest that ST strains from the same origin would spread in crane flocks during their stay at Izumi Plain every winter.
Assuntos
Migração Animal/fisiologia , Aves/microbiologia , Salmonella typhimurium/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Animais Selvagens/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Fezes/microbiologia , Japão , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/genética , Estações do Ano , Sorotipagem/veterináriaRESUMO
Although earlier pleuromutilin analogues showed potent in vitro antibacterial activity against some Gram-positive pathogens, their in vivo efficacy was low because of insufficient pharmacokinetic properties. We designed novel thioether pleuromutilin derivatives having a purine ring as a polar and water solubilizing group and identified a promising pleuromutilin analogue 6 with good solubility in water ( approximately 50 mg/mL). Compound 6 exhibited excellent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against some Gram-positive strains, including drug-resistant pathogens.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Diterpenos/síntese química , Diterpenos/química , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Desenho de Fármacos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Compostos Policíclicos , Solubilidade , Estereoisomerismo , Água/química , PleuromutilinasRESUMO
Susceptibility to 13 antimicrobial agents was examined for 138 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from 192 fecal samples of wild cranes that migrated for wintering to the Izumi plain, Kagoshima prefecture in Japan. The numbers of isolates that were resistant to the antimicrobials used in this study are as follows: oxytetracycline (OTC), 22 isolates; minocycline, 7 isolates; ampicillin (ABPC), 4 isolates; nalidixic acid, 4 isolates; enrofloxacin, 2 isolates; kanamycin, one isolate. Multidrug resistant isolates exhibiting 2-4 drug resistances were obtained. All of the OTC-resistant isolates carried either the tet (A) or tet(B) gene. The bla(TEM) gene was found in all of the ABPC-resistant isolates.