A Review of AI Cloud and Edge Sensors, Methods, and Applications for the Recognition of Emotional, Affective and Physiological States.

Affective, emotional, and physiological states (AFFECT) detection and recognition by capturing human signals is a fast-growing area, which has been applied across numerous domains. The research aim is to review publications on how techniques that use brain and biometric sensors can be used for AFFECT recognition, consolidate the findings, provide a rationale for the current methods, compare the effectiveness of existing methods, and quantify how likely they are to address the issues/challenges in the field. In efforts to achieve the key goals of Society 5.0, Industry 5.0, and human-centered design better, the recognition of emotional, affective, and physiological states is progressively becoming an important matter and offers tremendous growth of knowledge and progress in these and other related fields. In this research, a review of AFFECT recognition brain and biometric sensors, methods, and applications was performed, based on Plutchik's wheel of emotions. Due to the immense variety of existing sensors and sensing systems, this study aimed to provide an analysis of the available sensors that can be used to define human AFFECT, and to classify them based on the type of sensing area and their efficiency in real implementations. Based on statistical and multiple criteria analysis across 169 nations, our outcomes introduce a connection between a nation's success, its number of Web of Science articles published, and its frequency of citation on AFFECT recognition. The principal conclusions present how this research contributes to the big picture in the field under analysis and explore forthcoming study trends.

Liquefaction Potential of Saturated Sand Reinforced by Cement-Grouted Micropiles: An Evolutionary Approach Based on Shaking Table Tests.

Cement-grouted injections are increasingly employed as a countermeasure material against liquefaction in active seismic areas; however, there is no methodology to thoroughly and directly evaluate the liquefaction potential of saturated sand materials reinforced by the cement grout-injected micropiles. To this end, first, a series of 1 g shaking table model tests are conducted. Time histories of pore water pressures, excess pore water pressure ratios (ru), and the number of required cycles (Npeak) to liquefy the soil are obtained and modified lower and upper boundaries are suggested for the potential of liquefaction of both pure and grout-reinforced sand. Next, adopting genetic programming and the least square method in the framework of the evolutionary polynomial regression technique, high-accuracy predictive equations are developed for the estimation of rumax. Based on the results of a three-dimensional, graphical, multiple-variable parametric (MVP) analysis, and introducing the concept of the critical, boundary inclination angle, the inclination of micropiles is shown to be more effective in view of liquefaction resistivity for loose sands. Due to a lower critical boundary inclination angle, the applicability range for inclining micropiles is narrower for the medium-dense sands. MVP analyses show that the effects of a decreasing spacing ratio on decreasing rumax are amplified while micropiles are inclined.

The Impact of Long-Term Physical Salt Attack and Multicycle Temperature Gradient on the Mechanical Properties of Spun Concrete.

The article is focused on spun concrete made with different chemical admixtures under long-term exposure to aggressive salt-saturated ground water and a cyclic temperature gradient. Over a long-term experimental investigation, 64 prismatic spun concrete specimens were subjected to multicycle (75-120) processing under combined aggressive ambient conditions. Prismatic specimens were soaked in water or saline and dried at a temperature of 45-50 °C. The long-term multi-cycle effect of the temperature gradient and physical salt attack on the compressive strength, Young's modulus and durability of concrete was found to be negative. Chemical admixtures, though, improved the structure of spun concrete, thus having a significant positive effect on its physical-mechanical properties and durability.

Reinforced Spun Concrete Poles-Case Study of Using Chemical Admixtures.

The current research paper is focused on the experimental investigation of features of chemical admixtures (superplasticizers C-3, 'Dofen' and formaldehyde resin ACF-3M) utilizing in reinforced spun concrete structures. For the sake of comparison, the results of studying the effects of chemical admixtures on physical and mechanical properties on vibrated and spun concrete are provided. As a separate part of spun concrete products, the supporting poles of overhead power lines are introduced. The results obtained indicate, that the positive effect of chemical admixtures for spun and vibrated concrete is most pronounced at an early age of concrete. The effective amount of chemical admixtures for spun concrete is 0.15% of cement mass when formaldehyde resin ACF-3M and 1% of cement mass when superplasticizers C-3 and 'Dofen' are used. Moreover, the brief review about the reinforced spun concrete members is provided.

The Reinforced Spun Concrete Poles under Physical Salt Attack and Temperature: A Case Study of the Effectiveness of Chemical Admixtures.

The present paper focused on the investigation of the effectiveness of using various chemical admixtures and their effect on the strength and deformability of the reinforced spun concrete members-the supporting poles of the overhead power transmission lines-under the unfavorable long-term combined action of the aggressive salt-saturated groundwater and the temperature changes. According to the long-term experimental program, 96 prismatic spun concrete specimens were subjected to multi-cycle (25-50-75 cycles) processing under the combined aggressive environmental conditions. It has been found that chemical admixtures which decrease the initial water-cement ratio produce a considerable positive effect on the mechanical properties of spun concrete used in hot and arid climates and exposed to physical salt attack (PSA). Superplasticizers decrease the initial water-cement ratio the most, and, due to a unique concrete compaction method used, they produce the most homogeneous and dense concrete structure. They can be recommended as most effective in increasing the durability of spun concrete used under the above-mentioned aggressive environmental conditions.