Artificial Ligands of Streptavidin (ALiS): Discovery, Characterization, and Application for Reversible Control of Intracellular Protein Transport.

Artificial ligands of streptavidin (ALiS) with association constants of ∼10(6) M(-1) were discovered by high-throughput screening of our chemical library, and their binding characteristics, including X-ray crystal structure of the streptavidin complex, were determined. Unlike biotin and its derivatives, ALiS exhibits fast dissociation kinetics and excellent cell permeability. The streptavidin-ALiS system provides a novel, practical compound-dependent methodology for repeated reversible cycling of protein localization between intracellular organella.

The effect of PLGA molecular weight differences on risperidone release from microspheres.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of molecular weight differences of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) on the in vitro release profile of risperidone microspheres. Four different PLGA molecular weights were investigated and all the microsphere formulations were prepared using the same manufacturing process. Physicochemical properties (particle size, drug loading, morphology and molecular weight) as well as in vitro degradation profiles of the prepared microspheres were investigated in addition to in vitro release testing. The in vitro release tests were performed using a previously developed flow through cell (USP apparatus 4) method. The particle size of the four prepared microsphere formulations varied, however there were no significant differences in the drug loading. Interestingly, the in vitro release profiles did not follow the molecular weight of the polymers used. Instead, the drug release appeared to be dependent on the glass transition temperature of the polymers as well as the porosity of the prepared formulations. The catalytic effect of risperidone (an amine drug) on PLGA during manufacturing and release testing, minimized the differences in the molecular weights of the four formulations, explaining the independence of the release profiles on PLGA molecular weight.