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1.
J Pak Med Assoc ; 69(5): 684-689, 2019 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31105288

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To study the association of maternal, paternal and social factors with intellectual disability in special children.. METHODS: The case-control study was conducted in four schools of Lahore, Pakistan, from September 2014 to September 2015, and comprised intellectually disabled children aged 6-15 years, and an equal number of matching healthy subjects. group. Interviews were conducted with the help of a pre-tested structured questionnaire. SPSS -17 was utilised to analyse the data. RESULTS: Of the 298 participants, 149(50%) each were cases and controls. Overall, there were 83(56%) boys and 66(44%) girls. Significant association of intellectual disability was found with consanguinity (p=0.001), father's educational status (p=0.03), paternal history of mental retardation (p=0.01) and history of delayed cry (p=0.001). Breastfeeding (depicted a protective relationship (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Parental, social, environmental and familial causes contributed to intellectual disability among the subjects.


Assuntos
Asfixia Neonatal/epidemiologia , Traumatismos do Nascimento/epidemiologia , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Consanguinidade , Deficiência Intelectual/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Ordem de Nascimento , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Síndrome de Down/epidemiologia , Status Econômico , Escolaridade , Pai , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Idade Materna , Mães , Oxigenoterapia , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Idade Paterna , Fatores de Risco , Escalas de Wechsler , Adulto Jovem
2.
J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad ; 27(1): 164-7, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26182766

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Malaria transmission is an extremely complex condition that is manifested differently in different parts of the world. In Pakistan, malaria is still endemic in many areas. Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are identified to be the most prevalent species of malaria in-Pakistan. A great deal of work regarding malarial transmission is available at regional level in Pakistan but the evidence of malaria with its associates in Bahawalpur is scarce. The present study was planned to see the pattern of malarial transmission in the city of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study data on 1623 subjects was collected. Giemsa stain thick and thin blood films were used as diagnostic tools for malarial transmission. Bivariate statistical analysis in addition was employed to identify the associates of malarial prevalence. RESULTS: Out of 1623 subjects screened, 70 (4.3%) were found infected. Plasmodium vivax was seen in the majority 61 (77.2%). Plasmodium falciparum was the second common-species identified in 16 (22.8%) cases. As expected place of residence, window screening, malarial knowledge and behaviours of sleeping were seen to be significant associates of malarial transmission in Bahawalpur. CONCLUSION: The findings revealed that Bahawalpur falls in the category of low to moderate level malarial transmission as compared to other regions of Pakistan. Plasmodium vivax was the commonest type of malaria diagnosed in Bahawalpur. Geographic location, house safety, malarial knowledge, and behaviour of sleeping are the highly significant associates of malarial transmission in Bahawalpur.


Assuntos
Malária/transmissão , Plasmodium falciparum/isolamento & purificação , Plasmodium vivax/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Malária/epidemiologia , Masculino , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad ; 24(2): 111-5, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24397069

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Age-adjusted incidence of prostate cancer in Pakistan is 5.3 per 100,000 which is relatively low as compared to other Asian countries, but increasing numbers of cases are being reported. Data on risk factors associated with prostate cancer risk among Pakistani men are sparse. The objective of this study was to identify lifestyle factors associated with the risk of prostate cancer in Pakistani men. METHODS: An unmatched case-control study was conducted in Lahore from February to October 2011. The study enrolled 195 histologically confirmed cases of adenocarcinoma of prostate from Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital and Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Lahore (INMOL) and Lady Reading Hospital. Peshawar, using purposive sampling technique. A total of 390 hospital controls were selected using convenient sampling technique from different teaching hospitals of Lahore after screening with prostate specific antigen levels. A semi-structured interview form was used to collect data through face-to-face interviews. Odds ratio was used as a measure of strength of association and was calculated using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Farmers were found to be at higher odds of prostate cancer (OR 19.76; 95% CI 5.51-70.80; p < 0.001). No significant association was found with marital status, ethnic background, religious affiliation and consanguineous marriages. Level of physical activity was inversely associated with prostate cancer risk (OR 0.05; 95% CI 0.01-0.26; p < 0.001). Positive association was found with increased red meat consumption (OR 11.82; 95% CI 2.88-48.54; p = 0.001) and dairy products intake (11.76; 95% CI 4.23-32.67; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Red meat consumption, higher dairy products intake and working as farmers are strongly associated with increased odds of prostate cancer among Pakistani men.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/etiologia , Estilo de Vida , Neoplasias da Próstata/etiologia , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiologia , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco
4.
J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad ; 20(3): 57-61, 2008.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19610518

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Brucellosis is an occupational hazard with those particularly at risk either living in close proximity with animals or handling them. It is a public health problem in developing countries with adverse health implications both for animals and human beings as well as economic implications for individuals and communities. The Objectives were to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis among abattoir workers of Lahore District and to determine the association of brucellosis with nature of job of the workers. METHODS: Data was collected in April 2008. It was a cross-sectional study in which four main slaughterhouses in Lahore were included. The slaughterhouse workers were divided into seven strata based on their nature of job: meat sellers, slaughterers, animal keepers, drivers, cleaners, loaders and vets/paravets. A total of 360 such workers were selected using stratified random sampling technique. Sampling frames for different strata were prepared and from each frame, proportionate numbers, were selected through simple random method using random number tables. Data was obtained using a questionnaire. Additionally blood samples were collected and analyzed for anti-Brucella Immunoglobulin G (IgG) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of anti-Brucella IgG was found to be 21.7%. A statistically significant difference was observed between the immune status of the respondents and their nature of job (p = 0.005), age groups (p = 0.013), and duration of job (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The disease is an important public health problem in Pakistan. The disease can be prevented in the slaughterhouse workers through the use of personal protective devices. Public health authorities should educate the general public regarding prevention of the disease with specific emphasis on people working in slaughterhouses.


Assuntos
Matadouros , Brucelose/sangue , Doenças Profissionais/sangue , Exposição Ocupacional , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Brucelose/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Inquéritos e Questionários
5.
J Coll Physicians Surg Pak ; 22(4): 218-21, 2012 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22482376

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge among parents of thalassemia major patients about prenatal diagnosis, premarital screening for carrier detection and impact of consanguineous marriage on disease transmission. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The Thalassemia Centre, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, from July to September 2009. METHODOLOGY: One hundred and fifteen parents of ß-thalassemia major patients were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire was developed and parents were interviewed to assess their knowledge about preventive measures against thalassemia major. Parents of patients with all other types of blood disorder were excluded from the study. RESULTS: There were 74 male (64.3%) and 41 female (35.7) patients with mean age of 9.5 ± 5.1 years. Eighty-eight patients (76.5%) were accompanied by mothers and the rest by their fathers. Seventy-four parents (32.1%) were illiterate; among the literates only 7 were highly educated (3%). Ninety-four couples (81.7%) had consanguineous marriage. Fiftytwo parents (44.6%) knew that thalassemia is an inherited disorder. Thirty-eight (33%) had heard about the test for detecting thalassemia carrier. Premarital screening and prenatal diagnosis was known to 97 (84.3%) and 88 (76.5%) parents respectively. Ninety-nine parents (86.1%) knew about the termination of pregnancy on positive prenatal test but only 69 considered it acceptable religiously (60%). Major source of information to the parents were doctors. CONCLUSION: Parental knowledge about thalassemia and its preventive measures was inadequate; this requires intervention in the form of public health education programs concentrating on high risk/targeted population.


Assuntos
Conscientização , Complicações Hematológicas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Exames Pré-Nupciais/métodos , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Talassemia beta/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Pais , Gravidez , Complicações Hematológicas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Complicações Hematológicas na Gravidez/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Talassemia beta/epidemiologia , Talassemia beta/genética
6.
J Coll Physicians Surg Pak ; 21(9): 553-5, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21914413

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among gypsies in Lahore and their preventive practices. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Four gypsy settlements around Multan Road, Lahore were surveyed from July to August 2009. METHODOLOGY: Two hundred and thirteen randomly selected gypsies, aged 15-50 years, were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire based on UNAIDS survey indicators. Socio-demographic information and knowledge about HIV/AIDS, its spread and preventive practices was asked. Scoring systems were devised to categorize the level of knowledge and preventive practices as satisfactory and unsatisfactory. Statistically significant difference between knowledge and preventive practices was calculated by Pearson's chi-square test using Epi Info. version 3.5.1. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 29.5 ± 6.5 years, including 60.2% males and 39.8% females. Aggregate score for the level of knowledge indicated that 17 (7.98%) of these gypsies had satisfactory knowledge about HIV/AIDS and its transmission, whereas 40 (18.77%) and 156 (73.23%) were classified as having unsatisfactory and poor knowledge respectively. However, there was a statistically significant difference (p=0.003) when this knowledge was compared with preventive practices. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of HIV/AIDS among gypsies in Lahore was largely unsatisfactory. Improving knowledge about HIV/AIDS among gypsy community may result in positive behavioural change for disease prevention.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Roma (Grupo Étnico)/genética , Roma (Grupo Étnico)/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Cultura , Escolaridade , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Medicina Preventiva , Saúde Pública , Roma (Grupo Étnico)/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem
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