Volatile Compound Profiling of Seven Tuber Species Using HS-SPME-GC-MS and Classification by a Chemometric Approach.

Edible mushrooms are important providers of nutrients and are well recognized for their particular organoleptic properties. The volatiles that Tuber releases serve purposes beyond simply appealing to our sense of smell. Truffles have different smells and tastes due to the fact that they contain different volatile components; therefore, aroma is essential in defining the organoleptic properties and quality of truffles. In this research, seven Tuber species, namely, Tuber ferrugineum, Tuber nitidum, Tuber excavatum, Tuber rufum, Tuber puberulum, Tuber aestivum, and Tuber borchii were selected. The primary objective of this study was to carry out the first in-depth investigation of the volatile compounds and chemometric analysis of seven truffle species from the Tuber genus that are grown in Turkey. The SPME headspace combined with GC-MS analysis identified 60 volatiles from different classes, with the abundance of terpenes being followed in a decreasing order by alcohols, aldehydes, sulfides, ketones, and other aromatic compounds. According to the chemometric analysis, methional, 3-methyl-4,5-dihydrothiophene, p-(methylthio) benzaldehyde, 3-octene, linalyl acetate, methyl caproate, and ß-trans-ocimene could be highlighted as markers for T. borchii grown in Turkey. This investigation was conducted for the first time using T. ferrugineum, T. puberulum, and T. nitidum. The comparison of the volatile profile of these tubers' species displayed branded differences. Thus, the knowledge gained from this research may pave the way to identify the key aroma contributors in the chosen Tuber species.

An evaluation of the disability, insight and self-care agency of schizophrenia patients.

AIM: This study aims to evaluate the disability, insight and self-care agency of schizophrenia patients. DESIGN AND METHOD: This descriptive study was conducted with 100 patients in remission who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia at community mental health centers. RESULTS: The schizophrenia patients had poor insight and moderate self-care agency. The self-care agency of schizophrenia patients is a neglected issue in medicine, and is associated with positive and negative symptoms, insight and disability. IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS: The results can guide community mental health center nurses to increase the quality of life of schizophrenia patients in remission and to help reintegrate them into society.

Intestinal Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis Under Treatment with Infliximab: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Recent literature involves many cases with lymphoma and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with or without the use of TNF inhibitors. Herein, we report a patient, a 56-year-old Human Leukocyte Antigen-B27 (HLA-B27) positive man with four years history of AS who was still under treatment with infliximab with clinical remission. He was admitted with a new-onset, 6-week history of bloody diarrhoea with mucus, abdominal pain, fever, and weight loss. An ileocolonoscopy showed linear ileocecal valve ulcers. Histopathological findings of ileocecal valve ulcers revealed peripheral T-cell lymphoma of the small intestine. Infliximab was interrupted because of the possible progression of the lymphoma. Methods: We aimed to emphasize the underlying potential pathogenic mechanisms and to review the related literature. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database between January 1980 and November 2020. The keywords including 'ankylosing spondylitis' and 'lymphoma' were used. Conclusion: TNFi use, immunosuppression, and chronic inflammation may be related to the development of lymphoma in chronic inflammatory diseases. Ileocecal valve involvement should not be interpreted as inflammatory bowel disease, infection, or vasculitis in the presence of red flags.