RESUMO
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common source of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Heritable risk factors for VTE (thrombophilias) can be identified in 30-50% of affected patients. Factor V Leiden, prothrombin 20210G>A, and deficiencies of antithrombin, protein C and protein S increase the risk of a first VTE. However, an individual's thrombotic risk is determined by a complex interplay of genetic, acquired and circumstantial risk factors. At least 50% of VTE events in thrombophilic individuals are provoked by predisposing factors such as immobility, surgery, trauma, cancer, hormonal therapy and pregnancy. Non-modifiable risk factors such as advancing age and family history also increase thrombotic risk. An evidence-based risk factor evaluation is an essential step in VTE prevention. This review will educate genetics professionals about inherited and acquired risk factors for VTE and discuss recommendations for management of asymptomatic individuals with thrombophilia.
Assuntos
Gerenciamento Clínico , Trombofilia/genética , Tromboembolia Venosa/prevenção & controle , Antitrombina III/genética , Antitrombina III/metabolismo , Epistasia Genética , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências/métodos , Fator V/genética , Aconselhamento Genético , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/genética , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/metabolismo , Testes Genéticos , Genótipo , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Mutação , Proteína S/genética , Proteína S/metabolismo , Fatores de Risco , Trombofilia/metabolismo , Tromboembolia Venosa/genética , Tromboembolia Venosa/metabolismoRESUMO
To further our understanding of the molecular mechanism of Bcr-Abl mediated transformation, a yeast two hybrid screen was used to identify proteins binding to the Abl tyrosine kinase. Two partial cDNAs encoding novel SH2 domain-containing proteins were cloned and designated Shd and She. Both have homology to Shb, a previously reported SH2 domain-containing protein. Northern blot analysis showed that She is expressed in heart, lung, brain, and skeletal muscle, while expression of Shd is restricted to the brain. The deduced amino acid sequence of the full length mouse Shd cDNA contains an amino-terminal proline-rich region, and a carboxyterminal SH2 domain. A bacterially expressed Shd domain bound multiple tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins with relative molecular weights of 200, 170, 130, 100, 90, 78, 72 and 32 kDa from K562 cell lysates. Shd contains five YXXP motifs, a substrate sequence preferred by Abl tyrosine kinases. Shd was tyrosine phosphorylated in COS-7 cells co-transfected with Shd and c-Abl or Bcr-Abl. These results suggest that Shd may be a physiological substrate of c-Abl and may function as an adapter protein in the central nervous system.
Assuntos
Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal , Proteínas/genética , Proteínas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-abl/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Domínios de Homologia de src/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Sítios de Ligação , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Células COS/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fusão bcr-abl/genética , Proteínas de Fusão bcr-abl/metabolismo , Humanos , Células Híbridas , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Especificidade de Órgãos , Fosforilação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/imunologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-abl/genética , Coelhos , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Distribuição Tecidual , Transfecção , Leveduras/genéticaAssuntos
Complicações Hematológicas na Gravidez/etiologia , Doenças de von Willebrand/complicações , Desamino Arginina Vasopressina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Hemorragia/etiologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/etiologia , Gravidez , Complicações Hematológicas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Hematológicas na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças de von Willebrand/diagnóstico , Doenças de von Willebrand/tratamento farmacológicoAssuntos
Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/uso terapêutico , Aborto Habitual/tratamento farmacológico , Aborto Habitual/prevenção & controle , Aborto Espontâneo/prevenção & controle , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Protocolos Clínicos/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Complicações Hematológicas na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Complicações Hematológicas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Resultado da Gravidez , Gravidez de Alto Risco , Fatores de Risco , Trombofilia/complicaçõesRESUMO
The initial studies of low-molecular-weight heparin in the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis excluded pregnant women and patients with acute pulmonary embolism or a known hypercoagulable disorder. However, none of these needs to be a contraindication, and outpatient treatment is possible, provided that proper patient selection and follow-up are implemented.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/uso terapêutico , Complicações Hematológicas na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Embolia Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Tromboflebite/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Anticoagulantes/sangue , Feminino , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/sangue , Humanos , Gravidez , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
Bioprosthetic valve calcification is usually assessed pathologically by gross inspection, radiographic studies, and histologic examination. Quantitation of mineral content by chemical assay has not been reported for failed clinical valves removed from adults. In this study, calcium determination by atomic absorption spectroscopy was done on 52 removed porcine valves after routine pathologic examination, including specimen radiography done by a standard technique. Specimens included 31 valves with calcific primary tissue failure, two calcified (but not overtly dysfunctional) valves removed simultaneously with failed valves, 14 nondeteriorated valves obtained at reoperation or autopsy after long-term implantation, and five valves removed within 1 month after insertion. Chemically determined mineral content varied widely among patients and duration of function. Valves with calcific failure had 113 +/- 68 micrograms/mg calcium overall (mean +/- SD) after 36 to 156 months (mean 87) of function. Almost all dysfunctional porcine valves with radiographically demonstrated calcific deposits had greater than 34 and 67 micrograms/mg calcium for mitral and aortic valves, respectively. Nondeteriorated valves (implanted 8 to 145 months, mean 57) had 5 +/- 6 micrograms/mg calcium. Failed aortic valves had more calcium than failed mitral valves and valves with calcific stenosis more than valves with regurgitation caused by calcification with tearing. Correlation of semiquantitative radiographic grading with chemically determined valve mineral was good, indicating that radiographic assessment of calcification may be used reliably for clinical comparisons between valves.