[Features of cognitive impairment in bipolar affective disorder]. / Osobennosti narushenii kognitivnykh funktsii pri bipolyarnom affektivnom rasstroistve.

The study of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder (BD) combined with anxiety-phobic disorders, as the most common comorbid pathology, is a new, little-studied and relevant direction for further research on BD, promising for clarifying the neurobiological mechanisms of the disease and improving the quality of the diagnostic process. By searching for combinations of the keywords «bipolar disorder¼, «anxiety disorders¼, «cognitive impairment¼, «cognitive dysfunction¼, «meta-analysis¼ and «review¼ in the databases «PubMed¼ and «Google Scholar¼, meta-analyses, analytical, review and original relevant research articles were identified. A generalization of the information accumulated in the literature indicates a) the presence in BD of both phase-dependent and persistent cognitive impairments that also occur during the period of euthymia, b) different structure and severity of neurocognitive disorders in cases of «pure¼ BD and anxiety-phobic disorders, c) the unique structure of cognitive impairment in BD with comorbid anxiety-phobic disorders, which incorporates the features of neurocognitive impairments that are characteristic of both disorders and have the greatest severity compared to them. The results of this review are of interest for planning further empirical studies of this topic on the Russian patient population.

[Daytime sleepiness and cognitive disorders in elderly patients]. / Dnevnaia sonlivost' i kognitivnye rasstroistva v pozhilom vozraste.

Data on the contribution of daytime sleepiness to cognitive impairment in elderly patients are presented. Currently, diagnostic methods of daytime sleepiness, which include diaries, neurological, clinical and instrumental tools, are used. It has been shown that daytime sleepiness correlates with different types of dementia that suggests the involvement of common neurochemical mechanisms. Multiple studies report that daytime sleepiness increases the risk of dementia in elderly people. Future research of daytime sleepiness could be focused on its clinical and paraclinical presentations to facilitate the prognosis of dementia.

Theoretical motivations of fluorine incorporation into the complex therapy of parodontosis.

The results of experiments on dogs with periodontal disease have proved the following: 1. Mobility of calcium in the jaws and skeleton occurs in periodontal disease. 2. The body of the mandible plays a particular role in the compensatory mineralization of the alveolar process. 3. There is a discernible increase in fluorine content in pathologically affected zones of jaw bones. 4. Small doses of fluorine are able to increase calcium deposition in jaw bones. Clinical proof has been obtained of the beneficial influence of fluorine in the complex treatment of periodontal disease, which is manifest in the retention of calcium and fluorine in the organism. The ability of fluorine to substitute for calcium in resorption of the alveolar margin and to stimulate calcium deposition in jaw bones provides theoretical support for the recommendation to incorporate small doses of fluorine into the complex therapy of periodontal disease.

[The determination of total concentration and activity of antioxidants in foodstuffs]. / Opredelenie summarnoi kontsentratsii i aktivnosti antioksidantov v pishchevykh produktakh.

We developed a new method for the analysis of active antioxidants that is based on their reactions with the ABTS+. cation radical obtained by oxidation of ABTS, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt. The feasibility of this method was confirmed by electrochemical and kinetic studies of model antioxidants. ABTS+. was shown to react rapidly with active and slowly with weak antioxidants, which allows it to be used as a model radical for the quantitative determination of the total content of natural antioxidants (antioxidant equivalent) in natural extracts and wines. Another analytical method based on the competitive oxidation of Pyrogallol Red (a detecting molecule) and the examined antioxidants by radicals derived from peroxynitrite was used for measuring the relative activity of antioxidants. A combination of both methods helped measure the total concentration of antioxidants and their average specific activities (per molecule of active compound) in extracts from grape, olive, and tomato and concentrates of various popular beverages (wines, beers, and juices), as well as in the commercial concentrated food product Kréto-A, made from grape, red wine, tomato, and olive. Red wine and red grape juice were shown to be the most rich in antioxidants (up to 20 mM), with their activity being similar to that of polyphenols. The English version of the paper: Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2002, vol. 28, no. 6; see also http://www.maik.ru.