Long non-coding RNA MIR4300HG polymorphisms are associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting: a genome-wide association study.

BACKGROUND: Genetic factors such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play a key role in the development of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). However, previous findings are not widely applicable to different populations because of population-specific genetic variation. We developed a Japanese-specific DNA microarray for high-throughput genotyping. The aim of the current study was to identify SNPs associated with PONV on a genome-wide scale using this microarray in a sample of Japanese surgical patients. METHODS: Associations between 659,636 SNPs and the incidence of PONV 24 h after surgery in a limited sample of 24 female patients were assessed using the microarray. After imputation of genotypes at 24,330,529 SNPs, 78 SNPs were found to be associated with the incidence of PONV. We chose 4 of the 78 SNPs to focus on by in silico functional annotation. Finally, we genotyped these 4 candidate SNPs in 255 patients using real-time PCR to verify association with the incidence of PONV. RESULTS: The T > C variant of rs11232965 in the long non-coding RNA MIR4300HG was significantly associated with reduced incidence of PONV among genotypes and between alleles (p = 0.01 and 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: We identified a novel SNP (rs11232965) in the long non-coding RNA MIR4300HG that is associated with PONV. The rs11232965-SNP variant (T > C) is protective against the incidence of PONV. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (Identifier: UMIN000022903 , date of registration: June 27, 2016, retrospectively registered.

Association of µ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) haplotypes with postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Genetic variants, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of the µ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) might be associated with individual differences in opioid sensitivity, as well as with the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The goal of the present study was to determine, in a cohort of Japanese surgical patients, genotypes and haplotypes of several SNPs in the OPRM1 gene, and their association with PONV during the early (first 24 h) postoperative period. We examined the incidence and severity of PONV, during the first 24 h after surgery, in 85 Japanese patients receiving intravenous patient-controlled analgesia fentanyl analgesia for postoperative pain control. Eight tag SNPs of the OPRM1 gene (rs1799971, A/G; rs510769, G/A; rs4870266, G/A; rs3798683, G/A; rs1323042, A/C; rs609623, C/T; rs9397685, A/G; and rs644261, C/G) were selected based on their minor allele frequency (>10%) and linkage disequilibrium strength (<80%), and genotyped for haplotype analysis and determination of associations with PONV. Only one out of eight investigated SNPs, rs9397685, in the intronic part of the OPRM1 gene was associated with differences in the occurrence and severity of PONV. We also found four common haplotypes with a frequency of >10% in the investigated patients, including GGGAACAC (33%), AGGGACAC (19%), GGGAACGC (12%), and AGAGACAC (10%). The severity of PONV in carriers of the GGGAACGC haplotype was significantly lower than in the carriers of the other haplotypes (P < 0.05). One intronic SNP, rs9397685, and haplotypes constructed from eight SNPs within the OPRM1 gene locus might be involved in the severity of PONV associated with general anesthesia and opioid administration. This novel finding, if validated and verified in larger and additional ethnic cohorts, might contribute to better knowledge of the contribution of the OPRM1 gene to PONV.

[A case of coronary stent thrombosis occurring repeatedly in the perioperative period].

A 60-year-old man with angina was scheduled for total gastrectomy, splenectomy, and cholecystectomy. Bare-metal stents were implanted into his left anterior descending coronary artery four weeks before the operation. Aspirin and clopidogrel were administered until one week before the operation and then injection of to 15,000 units of heparin per day was given. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane, remifentanil and fentanyl. At 330 minutes after starting the operation, 2-mm ST segment elevation was observed and it recovered immediately. After the operation, new 9-mm ST segment elevation in leads V2-V6 was observed. Emergent cardiac catheterization showed occlusion of the coronary artery with in-stent thrombosis. An additional stent was implanted and 10,000 units of heparin per day was injected. After five days, new stent thrombosis occurred and an additional stent was implanted. Administration of aspirin, clopidogrel and cilostazol was started immediately. Anesthesiologists should pay attention to the kind of coronary stent, consider the timing of the operation, and continue administration of aspirin.

Individualized nutritional treatment for acute stroke patients with malnutrition risk improves functional independence measurement: A randomized controlled trial.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of individualized nutritional treatment on the activities of daily living of acute stroke patients. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled study. The eligibility criteria were acute stroke, age >65 years and the presence of malnutrition risk. Between September 2016 and December 2017, 128 patients were assigned to either the standard or intensive group (individualized nutritional treatment). The intensive group received energy that was calculated using the Harris-Benedict equation. The main outcome measures were the total functional independence measurement gain from the time of assignment to the time of discharge from the recovery hospital or at 3 months after the stroke onset, and motor and cognitive functional independence measurement gains. RESULTS: Compared with the standard group, the intensive group had significantly higher median energy intake (P < 0.001); significantly greater functional independence measurement gains in the total score (42 vs. 22; P = 0.02) and motor subscore (P = 0.01), but similar cognitive subscore. CONCLUSION: Individualized nutritional treatment improved the activities of daily living of older acute stroke patients with malnutrition risk. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; ••: ••-••.

Lack of opiate effects on cat C polymodal nociceptive fibers.

The direct application of preservative-free morphine sulfate (1.5%, 1 ml, 19.8 mumol) or fentanyl (0.06%, 1 ml, 1.07 mumol) on the superficial radial or saphenous nerve of cats did not alter the response of single C polymodal nociceptive fibers (PMNs) to noxious radiant heat stimulation of their peripheral receptive fields. Intravenous administration of fentanyl (100 or 200 micrograms/kg, 0.179 or 0.358 mumol/kg) also showed a similar lack of effect on the radiant heat evoked responses of single PMNs. Slight changes in the mean latencies following drug administration were recognized, which were not statistically significant. The use of morphine (1.5%, 1 ml, 19.8 mumol) with preservatives (chlorbutanol 0.5% and sodium bisulfite less than 0.1%) caused conduction block of PMNs within 6-15 min. Subsequent washout of the drug resulted in the return of the unitary discharges within 8 min. Lidocaine (0.25 and 0.5%, 10.7 mumol and 21.4 mumol) caused conduction block within 5-18 min. These data support the classically held concept that opiates, in clinically useful concentrations, do not alter peripheral nerve function.

Comparison of adjuvant anesthetics for propofol induction.

PURPOSE: Fentanyl was compared with nitrous oxide/sevoflurane as an adjuvant anesthesia to propofol during induction. METHODS: Two-hundred sixty-three patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 or 2 undergoing minor surgery were randomly divided into two groups. Group F patients (n = 125) received 2 microg x kg(-1) fentanyl and 1.8 mg x kg(-1) propofol, and were ventilated by mask with oxygen. Group S patients (n = 138) received 1.8 mg x kg(-1) propofol, followed by inhalation of 4% sevoflurane in N2O (41 x min(-1)) and oxygen (21 min(-1)) by mask. The trachea was intubated exactly 2, 3, 4, or 5 min after injection of 0.1 mg x kg(-1) vecuronium, and the conditions of endotracheal intubation were scored according to the patients' responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured before and after endotracheal intubation. The cost of anesthetics was also calculated. RESULTS: No significant differences in SBP were observed between the groups throughout the induction period. HR did not change from preanesthetic values in group F. In contrast, HR in group S patients increased by 9-18 beats x min(-1) (bpm) after inhalation of N2O/sevoflurane and further increased by 17-21 bpm following endotracheal intubation. Significant differences in HR were noticed between the groups (P < 0.001). The conditions of endotracheal intubation were similar in the two groups and were satisfactory when mask ventilation exceeded 3 min. Fentanyl was less expensive than sevoflurane/N2O anesthesia when mask ventilation exceeded 3 min. CONCLUSION: From the standpoints of hemodynamics and drug cost, fentanyl is preferable to N2O/sevoflurane inhalation as an adjuvant to propofol during induction, because mask ventilation for more than 3 min was required for satisfactory endotracheal intubation.