RESUMO
PARP14 is an interferon-stimulated gene that is overexpressed in multiple tumor types, influencing pro-tumor macrophage polarization as well as suppressing the antitumor inflammation response by modulating IFN-γ and IL-4 signaling. PARP14 is a 203â kDa protein that possesses a catalytic domain responsible for the transfer of mono-ADP-ribose to its substrates. PARP14 also contains three macrodomains and a WWE domain which are binding modules for mono-ADP-ribose and poly-ADP-ribose, respectively, in addition to two RNA recognition motifs. Catalytic inhibitors of PARP14 have been shown to reverse IL-4 driven pro-tumor gene expression in macrophages, however it is not clear what roles the non-enzymatic biomolecular recognition motifs play in PARP14-driven immunology and inflammation. To further understand this, we have discovered a heterobifunctional small molecule designed based on a catalytic inhibitor of PARP14 that binds in the enzyme's NAD+ -binding site and recruits cereblon to ubiquitinate it and selectively target it for degradation.
Assuntos
Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/metabolismo , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologia , Humanos , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/síntese química , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/químicaRESUMO
PARP14 has been implicated by genetic knockout studies to promote protumor macrophage polarization and suppress the antitumor inflammatory response due to its role in modulating interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ signaling pathways. Here, we describe structure-based design efforts leading to the discovery of a potent and highly selective PARP14 chemical probe. RBN012759 inhibits PARP14 with a biochemical half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.003 µM, exhibits >300-fold selectivity over all PARP family members, and its profile enables further study of PARP14 biology and disease association both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of PARP14 with RBN012759 reverses IL-4-driven protumor gene expression in macrophages and induces an inflammatory mRNA signature similar to that induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in primary human tumor explants. These data support an immune suppressive role of PARP14 in tumors and suggest potential utility of PARP14 inhibitors in the treatment of cancer.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Interleucina-4/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/metabolismo , Animais , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/metabolismo , Interleucina-4/genética , Neoplasias Renais/genética , Neoplasias Renais/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/genética , Células RAW 264.7 , RNA Mensageiro/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismoRESUMO
PARP7 is a monoPARP that catalyzes the transfer of single units of ADP-ribose onto substrates to change their function. Here, we identify PARP7 as a negative regulator of nucleic acid sensing in tumor cells. Inhibition of PARP7 restores type I interferon (IFN) signaling responses to nucleic acids in tumor models. Restored signaling can directly inhibit cell proliferation and activate the immune system, both of which contribute to tumor regression. Oral dosing of the PARP7 small-molecule inhibitor, RBN-2397, results in complete tumor regression in a lung cancer xenograft and induces tumor-specific adaptive immune memory in an immunocompetent mouse cancer model, dependent on inducing type I IFN signaling in tumor cells. PARP7 is a therapeutic target whose inhibition induces both cancer cell-autonomous and immune stimulatory effects via enhanced IFN signaling. These data support the targeting of a monoPARP in cancer and introduce a potent and selective PARP7 inhibitor to enter clinical development.
Assuntos
Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas de Transporte de Nucleosídeos/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Nucleosídeos/metabolismo , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/administração & dosagem , Imunidade Adaptativa/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HEK293 , Células HeLa , Humanos , Camundongos , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologia , Evasão Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
The SWI/SNF complex is a major regulator of gene expression and is increasingly thought to play an important role in human cancer, as evidenced by the high frequency of subunit mutations across virtually all cancer types. We previously reported that in preclinical models, malignant rhabdoid tumors, which are deficient in the SWI/SNF core component INI1 (SMARCB1), are selectively killed by inhibitors of the H3K27 histone methyltransferase EZH2. Given the demonstrated antagonistic activities of the SWI/SNF complex and the EZH2-containing PRC2 complex, we investigated whether additional cancers with SWI/SNF mutations are sensitive to selective EZH2 inhibition. It has been recently reported that ovarian cancers with dual loss of the redundant SWI/SNF components SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 are characteristic of a rare rhabdoid-like subtype known as small-cell carcinoma of the ovary hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT). Here, we provide evidence that a subset of commonly used ovarian carcinoma cell lines were misdiagnosed and instead were derived from a SCCOHT tumor. We also demonstrate that tazemetostat, a potent and selective EZH2 inhibitor currently in phase II clinical trials, induces potent antiproliferative and antitumor effects in SCCOHT cell lines and xenografts deficient in both SMARCA2 and SMARCA4. These results exemplify an additional class of rhabdoid-like tumors that are dependent on EZH2 activity for survival. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(5); 850-60. ©2017 AACR.