RESUMO
AIM: The aim of this observational study was to investigate the intake of dietary fibre and its sources among Polish adolescents according to prevalence of overweight after adjustment for age and gender. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 1,565 students, including 48% boys and 52% girls aged 13-18 with normal weight, overweight and obesity. Dietary information was reported using the Block Screening Questionnaire for Fruit/Vegetable/Fibre Intake. The nutritional status was assessed on the basis of body mass and height measurements. The statistical analysis used one-factor logistic regression, multiple linear regression, trend estimation and a comparison of mean values. RESULTS: Adolescents consuming white bread and rolls with a frequency ≥4 times/week had OR=0.74 (95% CI 0.56-0.97) for overweight and obesity compared to adolescents with less frequent consumption. For other fibre sources and overall dietary fibre no significant differences were noted in consumption frequency between adolescents with normal weight and overweight/obesity. Overall, boys were more often overweight and obese than girls. Girls had a higher intake of dietary fibre, fruit, fresh vegetables, dark bread and rolls, and lower intake of potatoes, beans and white bread and rolls than boys. Older age was associated with a decrease in the consumption of fruit juices, fruit, potatoes, white bread and rolls, and dietary fibre in girls and a decrease in fruit and fresh vegetable consumption in boys. CONCLUSION: The intake of dietary fibre was not associated with the prevalence of overweight. As to the fibre sources, only a higher consumption of white bread and rolls decreased the chance of the occurrence of adolescent overweight. The consumption of dietary fibre and its sources was related to the age and gender of adolescents.
Assuntos
Peso Corporal , Fibras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Polônia/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
AIM: To assess the influence of eating breakfast on the consumption of selected food and overweight prevalence among adolescents from different age groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of students aged 13-18.9 (n=1700). Their height and weight measurements were used to calculate their body mass index and interpreted according to international standards for adolescents. Food consumption was assessed via the frequency method and involved the consumption of breakfast, dietary "bre and sweetened beverages. We used Block's validated questionnaire to assess the intake of dietary "bre and its sources. Analysis of the results was carried out in three age groups: 13-14.9, 15-16.9 and 17-18.9 years old. We used one-factor logistic regression adjusted by gender. RESULTS: The percentage of adolescents with a regular habit of eating breakfast dropped by 5.7 percentage points when compared to adolescents aged 13-14.9 and 17-18.9 (from 54.2% to 48.5%), which was a phenomenon accompanied by an increase in the percentage of adolescents who ate breakfast irregularly or hardly ever (by 3.7 and 1.9 percentage points, respectively). Eating breakfast infrequently was related to a more frequent consumption of sweetened beverages (the odds ratio: from 2.32 to 2.67 depending on the age group) and a higher prevalence of a "bre-poor diet (from 1.49 to 2.23). Among adolescents aged 13-14.9 who hardly ever ate breakfast, the chance of being overweight increased by 83% in comparison to adolescents with regular habits of eating breakfast. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of eating breakfast decreased with the adolescents' age, especially among girls. Eating breakfast infrequently was associated with unhealthy nutrition, typical examples of which are lower intake of dietary "bre and more frequent consumption of sweetened beverages, and in the youngest group of adolescents caused a higher prevalence of overweight.
Assuntos
Desjejum , Comportamento Alimentar/classificação , Preferências Alimentares/classificação , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Antropometria , Índice de Massa Corporal , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Prevalência , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Edible insects are receiving increased attention as a new food source, although research on their implementation in confectionary products remains scarce. The study analyzed the chemical composition, physical parameters, antioxidative, and sensory characteristics of oatmeal cookies reformulated with yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor L.; TM) at 0% (TM0), 10% (TM10), and 30% (TM30). The inclusion of TM in the cookie recipe increased the protein and fat content, improved the ratio of n-6/n-3 acids, and raised oleic acid levels while reducing palmitic acid. Oatmeal cookies were rich in K and P, and including TM significantly increased the content of most minerals, except for Mn and Na. The cookies held significant antioxidant capacity that increased as the concentration of TM increased due to hydrophilic antioxidants. Although lightness decreased with the increase in mealworm substitution, the yellowness, chroma, and hue angle remained similar for TM0 and TM10. The TM30 cookies were significantly darker and softer, which was further confirmed by panelists. The cookie formulation effectively masked the taste and smell of TM since there were no evident differences between the control and TM10 cookies. Cookies with TM30 received high enough ratings to be considered attractive if differentiated sensory characteristics are desired.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the temperature and time of sous vide cooking on the quality of chicken breast fillets. Meat was thermally processed at six different combinations of temperature and time: 55â (260 min and 320 min), 58â (140 and 200 min) and 61â (90 and 150 min). Thermally processed chicken breasts were analysed for cooking loss, proximate composition, colour parameters, pH, texture parameters and sensory quality. Heat processing at a temperature of 58â/200 min produced meat with the most desirable sensory quality. These fillets were characterized by the lowest moisture content, high protein content, lowest concentration of malondialdehyde, low shear force value, lowest hardness and chewiness, and the highest scores for tenderness and overall acceptance in sensory evaluation.
Assuntos
Culinária , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Temperatura , Animais , Galinhas , Culinária/métodos , Carne/normas , PaladarRESUMO
The effect of lupin protein concentrate (LPC) addition on selected physicochemical properties, lipid oxidation and sensory quality of pork patties was investigated. LPC was added at the level 1%, 2% and 3%. Patties were packed in vacuum and modified atmosphere (MA) and stored 42days in a refrigerator while aerobically packed patties were stored 84days in a frozen state. Patties with LPC showed a lower cooking loss, were less cohesive and juicy, and demonstrated a non-typical flavour compared to the control samples. The inhibitory effect of LPC on lipid oxidation was observed after cooking. During storage this effect was noted mainly in patties with 2% and 3% of LPC stored in frozen state while in vacuum- and MA-stored products it was demonstrated only at some measuring points. After 42days of storage only sample with 3% LPC packed in modified atmosphere was scored below the borderline of overall acceptance.