Non-coding RNA therapeutics in cardiovascular diseases and risk factors: Systematic review.

At present, RNA-based therapy which includes therapies using non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and aptamers are gaining widespread attention as possible ways to target genes in various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), thereby serving as a promising therapeutic approach for CVDs and risk factors management. However, data are primarily in an early stage. A systematic review was carried out using literature from several databases (Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus, and DOAJR) following the PRISMA guidelines. Of the 64 articles reviewed, 39 papers were included in this review with three main types of RNAs: aptamers, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and small-interfering RNA (siRNA). All studies were human clinical trials. RNA-based therapies were demonstrated to be efficacious in treating various CVDs and controlling cardiovascular risk factors. They are generally safe and well-tolerated. However, data are still in the early stage and warrant further investigation.

Medical students' attitudes toward psychiatry in Indonesia.

Nearly two-thirds of psychiatric patients are reluctant to seek help from healthcare professionals due to stigma, discrimination, and negligence that evolve around the community, including healthcare providers. Future health professionals should have a positive attitude toward psychiatry and patients with mental health problems. Thus, it is vital to identify medical students' attitudes toward psychiatry as future healthcare providers. The authors conducted a cross-sectional study by using online questionnaires of "Perceptions of Psychiatry" in Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, with first- and fourth-year students (before psychiatric rotation), as well as fifth-year students and alumni (after psychiatric rotation). Out of 250 questionnaires distributed, 224 subjects responded, with a response rate 89.6%. Chi-square or fisher analysis was conducted to know the correlation between gender and attitudes towards psychiatry. The frequency distribution method was applied to identify the degree of stigmatization from respondents. A mix of positive and negative perceptions towards psychiatry was identified. The overall response was favorable to both before and after psychiatric rotation groups. Differences in perceptions between male and female psychiatry students as a discipline and career were statistically significant. Correcting misapprehension and removing the stigma on psychiatry during medical education might decrease the stigma in the psychiatric field and patients.