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1.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 47(4): 127-36, 2019 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31461152

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: There is a strong association between those who re-attempt a suicide attempt and those who complete it. Therefore, follow-up on the interventions carried out for suicidal patients is essential. This study investigated the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of individuals admitted as psychiatric emergencies after a suicide attempt according to sex, determined the prevalence of re-attempts in a period of six months, compared the profiles of patients who engaged in repeated suicide attempts to those who did not, and evaluated predictive variables for repeated suicide attempts. METHODOLOGY: A total of 207 patients (122 women and 85 men) who went to the psychiatric emergency room for a suicide attempt (January-October 2015) were interviewed, and their clinical histories were reviewed at 6 months. RESULTS: Lethal suicidal behaviour was lower in women. Fourteen percent of the sample (n=29) repeated a suicide attempt in the following 6 months, and 2 people died by suicide; 3 died from other causes. The patients admitted to the Psychiatric Hospitalization Unit presented with more re-attempts (X2=4.1; d.f.=1; p=0.043). In the multivariate analysis, of all the variables analysed, the only one associated with repeated suicide attempts was having been in mental health treatment upon inclusion into the study (OR=3.504, p=0.009, CI95%: 1.361-9.018). In the follow-up period, the percentage of patients who engaged in mental health treatment increased 21.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of recurrence after being treated for a suicide attempt psychiatric emergency is high in the months following an attempt, and it is necessary to improve prevention and intervention programmes aimed at improving these figures.


Assuntos
Serviços de Emergência Psiquiátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Recidiva , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos
2.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 972023 Nov 20.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38031983

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Elderly people have a high prevalence of mental disorder, low demand for care and increased risk of suicidal behaviour. Psychiatric emergency care may be the gateway to health services. Therefore, the aims of this study were: 1) to compare the profile of people aged sixty-five years and older seen for suicide attempts (SA) and those seen for other mental health problems in hospital psychiatric emergency departments; and 2) to establish the specificity of the Columbia Screening Scale (C-SSRS) in the exploration of suicide risk. METHODS: We carried out a secondary analysis of a descriptive, multicentre, observational, descriptive study comparing all persons seen for SA (n=21) and a control group (n=27) seen for another reason, between January and October 2015. Non-parametric analyses were performed on sociodemographic and clinical variables, stressful life events experienced and C-SSRS. RESULTS: 1) Among those attending for SA, 52.4% were men while those attending for another reason accounted for 18.5%. 2) 38.1% of those attending for SA were in mental health follow-up compared to 66.7% of those attending for other reasons. 3) C-SSRS screening discriminated between those seen for SA and those seen for other reasons. CONCLUSIONS: SA in older men may be the opportunity to initiate care and continuity of care in mental health services. The use of the C-SSRS scale in hospital psychiatric emergency departments is recommended.


OBJETIVO: En las personas mayores hay una alta prevalencia de trastorno mental, baja demanda asistencial y mayor riesgo de conducta suicida. La atención en Urgencias psiquiátricas puede ser la puerta de acceso a los servicios de salud. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tuvo como objetivos: 1) comparar el perfil de las personas de sesenta y cinco o más años atendidas por intento de suicidio (IS) y las atendidas por otros problemas de salud mental en Urgencias psiquiátricas hospitalarias; y 2) establecer la especificidad de la Escala de Cribado Columbia (C-SSRS) en la exploración del riesgo de suicidio. METODOS: Se realizó un análisis secundario de un estudio observacional descriptivo, multicéntrico, en el que se compararon todas las personas atendidas por IS (n=21) y un grupo control (n=27) atendido por otro motivo, entre enero y octubre de 2015. Se realizan análisis no paramétricos en variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, acontecimientos vitales estresantes vividos y C-SSRS. RESULTADOS: 1) Entre quienes acuden por IS el 52,4% eran hombres mientras que los que acudían por otro motivo eran el 18,5%. 2) El 38,1% de quienes acudieron por IS se encontraban en seguimiento en salud mental frente al 66,7% de los atendidos por otros motivos. 3) El cribado mediante C-SSRS discriminó entre las atenciones por IS y otro motivo. CONCLUSIONES: El IS en los hombres mayores puede ser la oportunidad para iniciar la atención y continuidad de cuidados en los servicios de salud mental. Se recomienda el uso de la escala C-SSRS en Urgencias psiquiátricas hospitalarias.


Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde Mental , Transtornos Psicóticos , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Espanha , Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia
3.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 962022 Jan 28.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35087019

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The abusive consumption of alcohol is a relevant health problem. Training hospitality professionals in Responsible Alcohol Service (RAS) is a way to minimize abusive consumption in leisure contexts. To date, no studies have been published on the effectiveness of this training in future hospitality professionals. This study presents the evaluation of the effectiveness of a training intervention carried out with Vocational Training students. METHODS: Eighty-one students were trained in RAS through a 4-hour course. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, knowledge about alcohol was assessed before and after the activity. Attitude, self-efficacy perspective and expectations towards RAS were also evaluated. Finally, satisfaction with the activity was assessed. To do this, a comparison of means was carried out from a test-retest repeated measures design using Wilcoxon's nonparametric test of signed ranges. An individual analysis of the evolution of each participant was also carried out. RESULTS: From a group perspective, knowledge about the effects of alcohol (W=2.91; p=0.04), attitudes (W=3.52; p<0.001) and expectations (W=2.97; p=0.003) towards RAS improved after the intervention. Satisfaction with different aspects of the training ranged between 3.52 and 4.08 points out of 5. CONCLUSIONS: RAS training with Vocational Training students favors accountability in the service of alcoholic beverages and increases expectations towards RAS. Likewise, to make specific adaptations for Vocational Training students is recommended.


OBJETIVO: El consumo abusivo de alcohol es uno de los principales problemas de salud. La formación en un Servicio Responsable de Alcohol (SRA) al personal de hostelería es una forma de minimizar el consumo abusivo en contextos de ocio. Hasta la fecha no se han publicado estudios sobre la efectividad de esta formación en futuros profesionales de la hostelería. En este artículo se presenta la valoración de la efectividad de una intervención de formación en SRA realizada en los Ciclos de Servicios de Restauración de un Centro Integrado de Navarra con estudiantes de Formación Profesional. METODOS: Se formó en SRA a 81 estudiantes, mediante una acción formativa de 4 horas. Para evaluar la efectividad de la intervención se valoraron los conocimientos sobre el alcohol antes y después de la actividad. También se evaluó la actitud, la perspectiva de autoeficacia y las expectativas hacia el SRA. Finalmente, se valoró la satisfacción con la actividad. Para ello se realizó una comparación de medias a partir de un diseño de medidas repetidas test-retest mediante la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon de los rangos con signo. Además, se realizó un análisis individual de la evolución de cada participante. RESULTADOS: Desde una perspectiva grupal, el conocimiento sobre los efectos del alcohol (W=2,91; p=0,04), las actitudes (W=3,52; p<0,001) y las expectativas (W=2,97; p=0,003) hacia el SRA mejoraron. La satisfacción con los diferentes aspectos de la formación osciló entre 3,52 y 4,08 puntos sobre 5. CONCLUSIONES: La formación en SRA con alumnado de Formación Profesional favorece la responsabilización en el servicio de bebidas alcohólicas e incrementa las expectativas hacia el SRA. Asimismo, se recomienda realizar adaptaciones específicas de esta formación para el alumnado de Formación Profesional.


Assuntos
Bebidas Alcoólicas , Estudantes , Atitude , Humanos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Autoeficácia , Espanha
4.
Adicciones ; 23(1): 5-9, 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21503558

RESUMO

There is a close relationship between substance abuse (alcohol and other drugs) and intimate partner violence. Studies carried out with male offenders and with addicted patients show a high comorbidity rate between these two phenomena. However, few batterer intervention programmes have been implemented to date in the field of drug addiction. This paper proposes, first, the need to detect cases of intimate partner violence that are camouflaged beneath a drug problem. Thus, it is important to determine the prevalence rate of intimate partner aggressors among users of drug-addiction treatment programmes, as well as identifying the specific characteristics of these patients. Second, once aggressors are identified, it would be possible to develop specific programmes for the simultaneous treatment of the two problems (addiction and intimate partner violence). Some studies have already been carried with joint treatments for addiction and intimate partner violence. The results obtained are encouraging, and show that intervention programs with addictions can be a useful framework for applying also, where necessary, specific treatments for those addicted patients with an associated problem of intimate partner violence. Finally, implications for clinical practice and future research in this field are discussed.


Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Conjugais/prevenção & controle , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia , Feminino , Previsões , Humanos , Masculino
5.
Psychiatry Res ; 302: 114029, 2021 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34102375

RESUMO

People who have attempted suicide are considered a risk population for repeating the behaviour. Therapeutic interventions, such as telephone follow-up programmes (TFPs), are promising but more evidence for its efficacy is needed. In this multicentre, open, ex-post-facto, pre/post, one year prospective study, a previous cohort discharged from the emergency department for a suicide attempt (SA) and given routine treatment (n=207) was compared with a similar group who received the same intervention plus a structured TFP of six calls (n=203). At one year of follow-up, the efficacy of the TFP at preventing SA was assessed. A total of 53.2% (n=108) of the patients finished the TFP. A total of 20.3% (n=42) of the routine treatment group and 23.6% (n=48) of the TFP group re-attempted at least once in the follow-up period (χ2=0.7;df=1;p=.412). However, in both groups, different subsamples of patients who presented extreme risk of SA at follow-up (0-57%) were identified. In the TFP group, the recurrence of suicidal behaviour was lower in patients admitted after the index attempt and in those who had more severe psychopathological symptoms, but not in the other profiles. Thus, this study has identified a specific profile of patients who could benefit from a brief-contact intervention.


Assuntos
Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Telefone
6.
Span J Psychol ; 13(2): 906-13, 2010 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20977038

RESUMO

The pre-post treatment change of 112 patients in two therapeutics Spanish communities is described. The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was used at intake and at the end of the treatment program. Results of the treatment program were evaluated by applying composite scores (CS) of the ASI, and the evolution of each patient was evaluated using the Reliable Change Index (RCI). 69.7% of the sample completed treatment, and 30.3% dropped out prematurely. At intake, the percentage of people who could improve in the different areas of the ASI ranged between 35.1% for alcohol consumption and 95.3% for family relationships. At the follow-up, the percentage of subjects who showed significant statistical improvements in the different areas varied between 7.9% in family relations and 66.7% in alcohol consumption. The percentage of patients who deteriorated was less than 10% for all variables. Implications for further research and clinical practice are commented upon.


Assuntos
Alcoolismo/reabilitação , Processos Grupais , Individualidade , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/reabilitação , Comunidade Terapêutica , Adulto , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Inventário de Personalidade , Espanha , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia
7.
Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Engl Ed) ; 13(4): 192-201, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30473478

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: There has been little change in the incidence of suicidal behaviour and reattempts in recent years. Evidence is needed on the incidence of suicidal behaviour in the psychiatric population and its follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective multi-centre case-control study. The sample covered the cases of 440 patients seen as psychiatric emergencies. For this purpose, we used the Vital Adverse Event Scale by Brugha and screening with the Columbia Scale. The sample was divided into three groups: patients without prior suicide attempts, patients with an index attempt and patients with more than one attempt. At two years, the clinical histories of these patients were reviewed, assessing for suicidal behaviour. RESULTS: A total of 49.1% (n=216) of the patients required urgent psychiatric care during the follow-up period, and 2.7% eventually committed suicide. The data shows a differential profile between the three groups analysed. Among them, the group of reattempters required the highest number of interventions regarding suicide behaviour (11.0%; χ2=30.3; d.f.=2; P<.001). Eventually, 6.1% of the patients without prior suicide attempts tried to commit suicide for the first time, and 21.7% (n=60) of the remaining sample repeated their prior attempts. The highest risk of attempt was in the thirty days following the urgent intervention. After this period, risk distribution varied for each group. Three items from the Columbia Scale predict suicide behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: The results show the need for assessing suicidal behaviour for all patients who receive psychiatric urgent care, including during the follow-up period. A more thorough control should be performed during the first months for patients without prior suicide attempts, and longer periods for those patients who have already tried to commit suicide.

8.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 97: e202311099, Nov. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-228340

RESUMO

Fundamentos: En las personas mayores hay una alta prevalencia de trastorno mental, baja demanda asistencial y mayor riesgo de conducta suicida. La atención en Urgencias psiquiátricas puede ser la puerta de acceso a los servicios de salud. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tuvo como objetivos: 1) comparar el perfil de las personas de sesenta y cinco o más años atendidas por intento de suicidio (IS) y las atendidas por otros problemas de salud mental en Urgencias psiquiátricas hospitalarias; y 2) establecer la especificidad de la Escala de Cribado Columbia (C-SSRS) en la exploración del riesgo de suicidio. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis secundario de un estudio observacional descriptivo, multicéntrico, en el que se compararon todas las personas atendidas por IS (n=21) y un grupo control (n=27) atendido por otro motivo, entre enero y octubre de 2015. Se realizan análisis no paramétricos en variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, acontecimientos vitales estresantes vividos y C-SSRS. Resultados: 1) Entre quienes acuden por IS el 52,4% eran hombres mientras que los que acudían por otro motivo eran el 18,5%. 2) El 38,1% de quienes acudieron por IS se encontraban en seguimiento en salud mental frente al 66,7% de los atendidos por otros motivos. 3) El cribado mediante C-SSRS discriminó entre las atenciones por IS y otro motivo.Conclusiones: El IS en los hombres mayores puede ser la oportunidad para iniciar la atención y continuidad de cuidados en los servicios de salud mental. Se recomienda el uso de la escala C-SSRS en Urgencias psiquiátricas hospitalarias.(AU)


Background: Elderly people have a high prevalence of mental disorder, low demand for care and increased risk of suicidal behaviour. Psychiatric emergency care may be the gateway to health services. Therefore, the aims of this study were: 1) to compare the profile of people aged sixty-five years and older seen for suicide attempts (SA) and those seen for other mental health problems in hospital psychiatric emergency departments; and 2) to establish the specificity of theColumbia Screening Scale (C-SSRS) in the exploration of suicide risk. Methods: We carried out a secondary analysis of a descriptive, multicentre, observational, descriptive study comparing all persons seen for SA (n=21) and a control group (n=27) seen for another reason, between January and October 2015. Non-parametric analyses were performed on sociodemographic and clinical variables, stressful life events experienced and C-SSRS. Results: 1) Among those attending for SA, 52.4% were men while those attending for another reason accounted for 18.5%. 2) 38.1% of those attending for SA were in mental health follow-up compared to 66.7% of those attending for other reasons. 3) C-SSRS screening discriminated between those seen for SA and those seen for other reasons. Conclusions: SA in older men may be the opportunity to initiate care and continuity of care in mental health services. The use of the C-SSRS scale in hospital psychiatric emergency departments is recommended.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Suicídio , Tentativa de Suicídio , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Transtornos Mentais , Saúde Mental , Psiquiatria , Espanha , Saúde Pública , Inquéritos e Questionários
9.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 96: e202201009-e202201009, Ene. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-211224

RESUMO

Fundamentos: El consumo abusivo de alcohol es uno de los principales problemas de salud. La formación en un Servicio Responsable de Alcohol (SRA) al personal de hostelería es una forma de minimizar el consumo abusivo en contextos de ocio. Hasta la fecha no se han publicado estudios sobre la efectividad de esta formación en futuros profesionales de la hostelería. En este artículo se presenta la valoración de la efectividad de una intervención de formación en SRA realizada en los Ciclos de Servicios de Restauración de un Centro Integrado de Navarra con estudiantes de Formación Profesional. Métodos: Se formó en SRA a 81 estudiantes, mediante una acción formativa de 4 horas. Para evaluar la efectividad de la intervención se valoraron los conocimientos sobre el alcohol antes y después de la actividad. También se evaluó la actitud, la perspectiva de autoeficacia y las expectativas hacia el SRA. Finalmente, se valoró la satisfacción con la actividad. Para ello se realizó una comparación de medias a partir de un diseño de medidas repetidas test-retest mediante la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon de los rangos con signo. Además, se realizó un análisis individual de la evolución de cada participante. Resultados: Desde una perspectiva grupal, el conocimiento sobre los efectos del alcohol (W=2,91; p=0,04), las actitudes (W=3,52; p<0,001) y las expectativas (W=2,97; p=0,003) hacia el SRA mejoraron. La satisfacción con los diferentes aspectos de la formación osciló entre 3,52 y 4,08 puntos sobre 5. Conclusiones: La formación en SRA con alumnado de Formación Profesional favorece la responsabilización en el servicio de bebidas alcohólicas e incrementa las expectativas hacia el SRA. Asimismo, se recomienda realizar adaptaciones específicas de esta formación para el alumnado de Formación Profesional.(AU)


Background: The abusive consumption of alcohol is a relevant health problem. Training hospitality professionals in Responsible Alcohol Service (RAS) is a way to minimize abusive consumption in leisure contexts. To date, no studies have been published on the effectiveness of this training in future hospitality professionals. This study presents the evaluation of the effectiveness of a training intervention carried out with Vocational Training students. Methods: Eighty-one students were trained in RAS through a 4-hour course. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, knowledge about alcohol was assessed before and after the activity. Attitude, self-efficacy perspective and expectations towards RAS were also evaluated. Finally, satisfaction with the activity was assessed. To do this, a comparison of means was carried out from a testretest repeated measures design using Wilcoxon’s nonparametric test of signed ranges. An individual analysis of the evolution of each participant was also carried out. Results: From a group perspective, knowledge about the effects of alcohol (W=2.91; p=0.04), attitudes (W=3.52; p<0.001) and expectations (W=2.97; p=0.003) towards RAS improved after the intervention. Satisfaction with different aspects of the training ranged between 3.52 and 4.08 points out of 5. Conclusions: RAS training with Vocational Training students favors accountability in the service of alcoholic beverages and increases expectations towards RAS.Likewise, to make specific adaptations for Vocational Training students is recommended.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Capacitação Profissional , Alcoolismo , Atitude , Autoeficácia , Bebidas Alcoólicas , Gestão de Riscos , Saúde Pública , Promoção da Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Espanha
10.
Rev Neurol ; 61(12): 529-35, 2015 Dec 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26662870

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Type 1 myotonic dystrophy (MD-1) or Steinert disease is a multisystemic progressive disorder. Studies have shown cognitive deficits, depressive symptoms and a high incidence of anxiety personality traits that compromise both the functionality and the quality of life of these patients. AIM: To describe the cognitive and psychopathological profile of a sample of patients with the adult variant of MD-1. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A sample of 27 patients diagnosed with MD-1 was selected from those being followed up in the neurology service of the Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra. Eligibility criteria were age under 50 years and the absence of any other pathology or physical condition that prevented them from performing the psychological evaluation. A neuropsychological evaluation battery specifically designed for this kind of pathology was used, together with psychopathological and functionality measures. RESULTS: The neuropsychological evaluation revealed mainly deficits in visual-constructional and visuospatial skills, alternating attention and in other-reported dysexecutive signs and symptoms. The group of patients did not present any clinically significant symptoms of depression or anxiety, but did score high on obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation and psychoticism. The results point towards a deterioration in functionality. CONCLUSIONS: In the integral approach to MD-1, the characterisation and developmental monitoring of the cognitive, psychopathological and personality profile, as well as the level of functionality, all contribute to an improvement in the quality of life of these patients.


TITLE: Estudio descriptivo del perfil neuropsicologico y psicopatologico en pacientes con distrofia miotonica tipo 1.Introduccion. La distrofia miotonica tipo 1 (DM-1) o enfermedad de Steinert es un trastorno multisistemico y progresivo. Se han encontrado deficits cognitivos, clinica depresiva y alta incidencia de rasgos de personalidad ansiosos con afectacion tanto en la funcionalidad como en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Objetivo. Describir el perfil cognitivo y psicopatologico de una muestra de pacientes con la variante adulta de DM-1. Pacientes y metodos. Se selecciono una muestra de 27 pacientes con diagnostico de DM-1 en seguimiento en el Servicio de Neurologia del Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra. Los criterios de inclusion fueron tener menos de 50 anos y descartar cualquier otra patologia o condicion fisica que impidiese realizar la evaluacion psicologica. Se utilizo una bateria de evaluacion neuropsicologica especificamente disenada para este tipo de patologia, ademas de medidas de psicopatologia y funcionalidad. Resultados. La evaluacion neuropsicologica reflejo, principalmente, deficits en habilidades visuoconstructivas, visuoespaciales, atencion alternante y en sintomatologia disejecutiva heteroinformada. El grupo de pacientes no presento sintomatologia depresiva ni ansiosa clinicamente significativa, pero si puntuaciones elevadas en obsesion-compulsion, sensibilidad interpersonal, ideacion paranoide y psicoticismo. Los resultados orientaron hacia un deterioro en la funcionalidad. Conclusiones. En el abordaje integral de la DM-1, la caracterizacion y el seguimiento evolutivo del perfil cognitivo, psicopatologico y de personalidad, asi como del nivel de funcionalidad, contribuyen a la mejora de la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.


Assuntos
Distrofia Miotônica/psicologia , Adulto , Transtornos de Ansiedade/etiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Compulsiva , Transtorno Depressivo/etiologia , Progressão da Doença , Função Executiva , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distrofia Miotônica/complicações , Distrofia Miotônica/fisiopatologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide , Personalidade , Testes de Personalidade , Transtornos Psicóticos/etiologia , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores Socioeconômicos
11.
Rev. psiquiatr. salud ment. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 13(4): 192-201, oct.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-198685

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La incidencia de la repetición de conductas suicidas no ha variado en los últimos años. Es necesario aportar evidencias sobre la incidencia de la conducta suicida en población psiquiátrica y su seguimiento. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio multicéntrico caso-control, prospectivo. La muestra se compuso de 440 pacientes atendidos en los servicios de urgencias de psiquiatría. Se aplicó la Escala de acontecimientos vitales adversos de Brugha y la Escala Columbia de cribado del riesgo suicida. La muestra se dividió en tres grupos: pacientes sin intentos de suicidio previos, pacientes index y pacientes con más de un intento. A los dos años se revisaron las historias clínicas de dichos pacientes analizando la presencia de conducta suicida. RESULTADOS: El 49,1% (n=216) repitieron atención en urgencias de psiquiatría en el periodo de seguimiento. El 2,7% fallecieron por suicidio. Se ha encontrado un perfil diferencial entre los tres grupos estudiados. El grupo de los repetidores fue el que más atenciones recibió con relación a conductas suicidas (11,0%; χ2=30,3; g.l.=2; p < 0,001). El 6,1% (n=10) de los pacientes que nunca habían tenido un intento realizaron su primer intento, y el 21,7% (n=60) del resto de la muestra lo repitieron. El mayor riesgo de intento fue en los 30días siguientes a la atención en urgencias. Pasado ese tiempo, la distribución del riesgo varía en cada grupo. Tres ítems de la Escala Columbia predicen las conductas suicidas. CONCLUSIONES: Es necesario valorar el riesgo de conductas suicidas en todos los pacientes que acuden a urgencias de psiquiatría y durante su seguimiento. Este debería ser más intenso en los primeros meses para quienes no tienen intentos previos, y a más largo plazo para quienes ya lo han intentado


INTRODUCTION: There has been little change in the incidence of suicidal behaviour and reattempts in recent years. Evidence is needed on the incidence of suicidal behaviour in the psychiatric population and its follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective multi-centre case-control study. The sample covered the cases of 440 patients seen as psychiatric emergencies. For this purpose, we used the Vital Adverse Event Scale by Brugha and screening with the Columbia Scale. The sample was divided into three groups: patients without prior suicide attempts, patients with an index attempt and patients with more than one attempt. At two years, the clinical histories of these patients were reviewed, assessing for suicidal behaviour. RESULTS: A total of 49.1% (n=216) of the patients required urgent psychiatric care during the follow-up period, and 2.7% eventually committed suicide. The data shows a differential profile between the three groups analysed. Among them, the group of reattempters required the highest number of interventions regarding suicide behaviour (11.0%; χ2=30.3; d.f.=2; P<.001). Eventually, 6.1% of the patients without prior suicide attempts tried to commit suicide for the first time, and 21.7% (n=60) of the remaining sample repeated their prior attempts. The highest risk of attempt was in the thirty days following the urgent intervention. After this period, risk distribution varied for each group. Three items from the Columbia Scale predict suicide behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: The results show the need for assessing suicidal behaviour for all patients who receive psychiatric urgent care, including during the follow-up period. A more thorough control should be performed during the first months for patients without prior suicide attempts, and longer periods for those patients who have already tried to commit suicide


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Ideação Suicida , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Incidência
12.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 47(4): 127-136, jul.-ago. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-185163

RESUMO

Introducción. Existe una fuerte asociación entre quienes repiten un intento de suicidio (IS) y quienes lo consuman. Por ello el seguimiento de la intervención de estos pacientes es fundamental. En este estudio: se establece el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico de personas atendidas en urgencias psiquiátricas por un IS, en función del sexo; se determina la prevalencia de reintentos en un periodo de seis meses; se compara el perfil de los pacientes que repiten o no el IS; y se evalúan variables predictoras de la repetición. Metodología. Se entrevistó a 207 pacientes (122 mujeres y 85 hombres) que acudieron a urgencias psiquiátricas por un IS (enero-octubre de 2015), y se revisó su historia clínica a los 6 meses. Resultados. Las mujeres presentaron una menor letalidad en la conducta suicida. Un 14% de la muestra (n=29) repitió un IS en los 6 meses siguientes y 2 personas fallecieron por suicidio; 3 fallecieron por otras causas. Los pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Hospitalización Psiquiátrica presentaron más reintentos (X2=4,1; g.l.=1; p=0,043). En el análisis multivariable, de todas las variables analizadas, la única asociada a la repetición del intento fue encontrarse en tratamiento en salud mental al incluirse en el estudio (OR=3,504; p=,009; I.C.95%=1,361-9,018). En el periodo de seguimiento se incrementó un 21,7% los pacientes tratados en salud mental. Conclusiones. El riesgo de repetición tras ser tratado en urgencias psiquiátricas por IS es crítico los meses posteriores, siendo necesario mejorar los programas de prevención e intervención destinados a mejorar estas cifras


Introduction. There is a strong association between those who re-attempt a suicide attempt and those who complete it. Therefore, follow-up on the interventions car-ried out for suicidal patients is essential. This study investigated the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of individuals admitted as psychiatric emergencies after a suicide attempt according to sex, determined the prevalence of re-attempts in a period of six months, compared the profiles of patients who engaged in repeated suicide attempts to those who did not, and evaluated predictive variables for repeated suicide attempts. Methodology. A total of 207 patients (122 women and 85 men) who went to the psychiatric emergency room for a suicide attempt (January-October 2015) were interviewed, and their clinical histories were reviewed at 6 months. Results. Lethal suicidal behaviour was lower in women. Fourteen percent of the sample (n=29) repeated a suicide attempt in the following 6 months, and 2 people died by suicide; 3 died from other causes. The patients admitted to the Psychiatric Hospitalization Unit presented with more re-attempts (X2=4.1; d.f.=1; p=0.043). In the multivariate analysis, of all the variables analysed, the only one associated with repeated suicide attempts was having been in mental health treatment upon inclusion into the study (OR=3.504, p=0.009, CI95%: 1.361-9.018). In the follow-up period, the percentage of patients who engaged in mental health treatment increased 21.7%.Conclusions. The risk of recurrence after being treated for a suicide attempt psychiatric emergency is high in the months following an attempt, and it is necessary to improve prevention and intervention programmes aimed at improving these figures


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Seguimentos , Recidiva , Intervenção em Crise/métodos , Serviços de Emergência Psiquiátrica/métodos , Saúde Mental , Estudos Longitudinais
13.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 61(12): 529-535, 16 dic., 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-146699

RESUMO

Introducción. La distrofia miotónica tipo 1 (DM-1) o enfermedad de Steinert es un trastorno multisistémico y progresivo. Se han encontrado déficits cognitivos, clínica depresiva y alta incidencia de rasgos de personalidad ansiosos con afectación tanto en la funcionalidad como en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Objetivo. Describir el perfil cognitivo y psicopatológico de una muestra de pacientes con la variante adulta de DM-1. Pacientes y métodos. Se seleccionó una muestra de 27 pacientes con diagnóstico de DM-1 en seguimiento en el Servicio de Neurología del Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra. Los criterios de inclusión fueron tener menos de 50 años y descartar cualquier otra patología o condición física que impidiese realizar la evaluación psicológica. Se utilizó una batería de evaluación neuropsicológica específicamente diseñada para este tipo de patología, además de medidas de psicopatología y funcionalidad. Resultados. La evaluación neuropsicológica reflejó, principalmente, déficits en habilidades visuoconstructivas, visuoespaciales, atención alternante y en sintomatología disejecutiva heteroinformada. El grupo de pacientes no presentó sintomatología depresiva ni ansiosa clínicamente significativa, pero sí puntuaciones elevadas en obsesión-compulsión, sensibilidad interpersonal, ideación paranoide y psicoticismo. Los resultados orientaron hacia un deterioro en la funcionalidad. Conclusiones. En el abordaje integral de la DM-1, la caracterización y el seguimiento evolutivo del perfil cognitivo, psicopatológico y de personalidad, así como del nivel de funcionalidad, contribuyen a la mejora de la calidad de vida de estos pacientes (AU)


Introduction. Type 1 myotonic dystrophy (MD-1) or Steinert disease is a multisystemic progressive disorder. Studies have shown cognitive deficits, depressive symptoms and a high incidence of anxiety personality traits that compromise both the functionality and the quality of life of these patients. Aim. To describe the cognitive and psychopathological profile of a sample of patients with the adult variant of MD-1. Patients and methods. A sample of 27 patients diagnosed with MD-1 was selected from those being followed up in the neurology service of the Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra. Eligibility criteria were age under 50 years and the absence of any other pathology or physical condition that prevented them from performing the psychological evaluation. A neuropsychological evaluation battery specifically designed for this kind of pathology was used, together with psychopathological and functionality measures. Results. The neuropsychological evaluation revealed mainly deficits in visual-constructional and visuospatial skills, alternating attention and in other-reported dysexecutive signs and symptoms. The group of patients did not present any clinically significant symptoms of depression or anxiety, but did score high on obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation and psychoticism. The results point towards a deterioration in functionality. Conclusions. In the integral approach to MD-1, the characterisation and developmental monitoring of the cognitive, psychopathological and personality profile, as well as the level of functionality, all contribute to an improvement in the quality of life of these patients (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Distrofia Miotônica/diagnóstico , Distrofia Miotônica/psicologia , Dissonância Cognitiva , Disfunção Cognitiva/complicações , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Disfunção Cognitiva/psicologia , Transtornos da Personalidade/complicações , Transtornos da Personalidade/terapia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Neuropsicologia/métodos , Psicopatologia/métodos , Distrofia Miotônica/complicações , Determinação da Personalidade , Psicopatologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Protocolos Clínicos
14.
An. psicol ; 28(2): 344-349, mayo-ago. 2012. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-102814

RESUMO

En este estudio se lleva a cabo un análisis de la prevalencia del juego patológico en 112 pacientes adictos (81 alcohólicos y 31 dependientes de la cocaína) que acuden en busca de tratamiento. Para ello, se utilizaron los criterios diagnósticos del DSM-IV-TR para el juego patológico y la versión española del Cuestionario de Juego Patológico de South Oaks (SOGS). Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el 22,3% de los pacientes drogodependientes estudiados presentaba un diagnóstico comórbido de ludopatía. Además, un 11,6% adicional obtenía una puntuación en el SOGS indicadora de juego problemático. En suma, el 33,9% de la muestra presentaba síntomas de juego clínicamente significativos. La comparación entre los pacientes adictos con y sin ludopatía asociada mostró diferencias significativas en las variables relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol (evaluado mediante el EuropASI), los síntomas psicopatológicos (evaluados mediante el SCL-90-R) y algunas variables de personalidad (evaluadas mediante el MCMI-II). En todos los casos, las puntuaciones eran significativamente más altas en los pacientes ludópatas que en los que no tenían un problema de ludopatía asociado. Se comentan las implicaciones de este estudio para la práctica clínica y la investigación futura (AU)


In the current paper, the prevalence of pathological gambling in 112 treatment-seeking patients with substance addiction (81 alcoholics and 31 cocaine dependents) was estimated. The DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling and the Spanish version of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) were used. The results showed that 22.3% of substance-addicted patients had a comorbid diagnosis of pathological gambling. Furthermore, an additional 11.6% of the sample had relevant symptoms for problem gambling. In sum, 33.9% of the sample reported clinically significant gambling-related symptoms. From a socio-demographic point of view, all substance-addicted patients with gambling-related symptoms were men. A comparison between substance-addicted patients with and without pathological gambling showed significant differences in alcohol severity (assessed by the EuropASI), psychopathological symptoms (assessed by the SCL-90-R) and personality variables (assessed by the MCMI-II). In all cases, scores were significantly higher in gamblers than in non-gamblers. Finally, the implications of these results for further research and clinical practice are commented upon (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Jogo de Azar/epidemiologia , Jogo de Azar/psicologia , Alcoolismo/complicações , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Transtornos do Sistema Nervoso Induzidos por Álcool/psicologia , Psicopatologia/métodos , Psicopatologia/tendências , Inquéritos e Questionários , Comorbidade , Psicopatologia/instrumentação , Psicopatologia/organização & administração , Psicopatologia/normas
15.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 23(1): 5-10, ene.-mar. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-86556

RESUMO

Existe una relación muy estrecha entre el consumo de sustancias (alcohol y otras drogas) y la violencia hacia la pareja. Los estudios llevados a cabo con hombres maltratadores y con pacientes adictos muestran una alta comorbilidad entre ambos fenómenos. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha han sido muy escasos los programas de intervención con maltratadores que se han aplicado en el ámbito de las drogodependencias. En este artículos e propone, en primer lugar, la necesidad de detectar los casos de violencia contra la pareja que aparecen camuflados bajo un problema de consumo de drogas. En este sentido, es necesario llevar a cabo estudios que determinen la tasa de prevalencia de agresores contra la pareja entre los usuarios de los programas de tratamiento para el abuso de sustancias, así como conocer las características específicas de este tipo de pacientes. En segundo lugar, una vez detectados los agresores, se podrían desarrollar programas específicos para el tratamiento simultáneo de ambas problemáticas (adicción y violencia hacia la pareja). Se han llevado a cabo algunos estudios con tratamientos conjuntos de la adicción y de la violencia de pareja. Los resultados obtenidos son esperanzadores y muestran que los programas de intervención con adicciones pueden ser un marco útil para aplicar también, en los casos necesarios, un tratamiento específico para aquellos adictos con un problema asociado de violencia contra la pareja. Se comentan las implicaciones de todo ello para la práctica clínica y para las investigaciones futuras (AU)


There is a close relationship between substance abuse (alcohol and other drugs) and intimate partner violence. Studies carried out with male offenders and with addicted patients show a high comorbidity rate between these two phenomena. However, few batterer intervention programmes have been implemented to date in the field of drug addiction. This paper proposes, first, the need to detect cases of intimate partner violence that are camouflaged beneath a drug problem. Thus, it is important to determine the prevalence rate of intimate partner aggressors among users of drug-addiction treatment programmes, as well as identifying the specific characteristics of these patients. Second, once aggressors are identified, it would be possible to develop specific programmes for the simultaneous treatment of the two problems (addiction and intimate partner violence). Some studies have already been carried with joint treatments for addiction and intimate partner violence. The results obtained are encouraging, and show that intervention programs with addictions can be a useful framework for applying also, where necessary, specific treatments for those addicted patients with an associated problem of intimate partner violence. Finally, implications for clinical practice and future research in this field are discussed (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Maus-Tratos Conjugais/prevenção & controle , Maus-Tratos Conjugais/terapia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/reabilitação , Violência contra a Mulher , Comorbidade , Prevalência , Alcoolismo/prevenção & controle , Alcoolismo/reabilitação
16.
Span. j. psychol ; 13(2): 906-913, nov. 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-82265

RESUMO

The pre-post treatment change of 112 patients in two therapeutics Spanish communities is described. The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was used at intake and at the end of the treatment program. Results of the treatment program were evaluated by applying composite scores (CS) of the ASI, and the evolution of each patient was evaluated using the Reliable Change Index (RCI). 69.7% of the sample completed treatment, and 30.3% dropped out prematurely. At intake, the percentage of people who could improve in the different areas of the ASI ranged between 35.1% for alcohol consumption and 95.3% for family relationships. At the follow-up, the percentage of subjects who showed significant statistical improvements in the different areas varied between 7.9% in family relations and 66.7% in alcohol consumption. The percentage of patients who deteriorated was less than 10% for all variables. Implications for further research and clinical practice are commented upon (AU)


En este artículo se describe la evolución pre-post tratamiento de una muestra de 112 pacientes atendidos en dos comunidades terapéuticas españolas. La evaluación de la muestra se llevó a cabo con el Addiction Severity Index (ASI) tanto al inicio como a la finalización del tratamiento. En el análisis de los resultados del tratamiento se utilizaron las puntuaciones compuestas del ASI, y la evolución de cada paciente se valoró con el Índice de Cambio Fiable (ICF). El 69,7% de la muestra finalizó el programa de tratamiento, y el 30,3% lo abandonó. En el momento del ingreso, el porcentaje de personas que necesitaba tratamiento en cada área del ASI variaba entre el 35,1% en el consumo de alcohol y el 95,3% en las relaciones familiares. En el seguimiento, el porcentaje de sujetos que mostraba mejorías estadísticamente significativas variaba entre el 7,9% en el área familiar y el 66,7% en el consumo de alcohol. El porcentaje de sujetos que empeoraba era menor del 10% en todas las áreas. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados tanto para posteriores investigaciones como para la práctica clínica (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Conscientização , Consciência , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , Estresse Fisiológico/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estresse Psicológico/diagnóstico , Estresse Psicológico/terapia
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