RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris is a prevalent skin condition. We have found that some acromegaly patients have acne. However, no study has examined the relationship between acromegaly and acne. OBJECTIVE: To explore prevalence and correlation of adult acne in patients with acromegaly. METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, we collected questionnaires, clinical information, and laboratory test results of acromegaly patients from January 2022 to December 2022 at Huashan Hospital. Of the 133 questionnaires returned, 123 had valid responses. RESULTS: Of the 123 patients with acromegaly enrolled in this study, 54.5% had adult acne. No statistically significant difference was found in prevalence between male and female patients. 61.2% of adult acne patients reported late-onset acne. Late-onset acne patients first developed acne years before acromegaly diagnosis (mean of 5.6 years for male and 4.5 years for female patients). Some acne patients have received traditional anti-acne treatment. Moreover, 31% of the patients reported no improvement, and only 3.5% of patients claimed complete resolution of acne after treatment. Before acromegaly treatment, the prevalence of adult acne was 51.2%, with mild acne accounting for 73.0%, moderate acne accounting for 23.8%, and severe acne accounting for 3.2%. After acromegaly treatment, the prevalence of adult acne was significantly decreased to 37.4% (P = 0.007). An overall decrease in acne severity was noted, with 93.5%, 6.5%, and 0% having mild, moderate, and severe acne, respectively. A total of 83.6% of the patients had self-assessed acne remission, and 33.3% of the patients reported complete acne resolution. However, 9.0% of patients reported that their condition had worsened after acromegaly treatment. After treatment, GH, IGF-1, IGF-1 index, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR decreased significantly in all patients with acromegaly (P < 0.05). Acne remission correlated positively with IGF-1 levels, but not with GH levels. The relationship between acromegaly and acne remains to be elucidated. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide preliminary evidence of the high prevalence of adult acne in acromegaly patients, and a high rate of late-onset acne as well. Traditional anti-acne treatments are less effective. Acne could be considerably relieved by treating acromegaly. Acne remission positively correlated with IGF-1 decline as well, which revealed the correlation between acne and IGF-1.
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Acne Vulgar , Acromegalia , Humanos , Acne Vulgar/epidemiologia , Acromegalia/epidemiologia , Acromegalia/sangue , Acromegalia/terapia , Acromegalia/complicações , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Adulto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Prevalência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , IdosoAssuntos
Coeficiente Internacional Normatizado/normas , Flebotomia/normas , Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito/normas , Anticoagulantes/farmacologia , Coagulação Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Coagulação Sanguínea/fisiologia , Humanos , Coeficiente Internacional Normatizado/métodos , Flebotomia/métodos , Varfarina/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a wide role in human cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological functions of circ_0001971 and associated mechanisms in OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of circ_0001971, miR-194, and miR-204 was detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation and viability were assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell migration and invasion were examined using the transwell assay. Cell apoptosis was monitored by flow cytometry assay. The protein levels of proliferation marker (CyclinD1), epithelial mesenchymal-transition (EMT) markers (E-cadherin (E-cad) and N-cadherin (N-cad)) and apoptosis markers (Cleaved-caspase-3 (Cleaved-cas-3) and Cleaved-caspase-9 (Cleaved-cas-9)) were measured by Western blot. The relationship between circ_0001971 and miR-194 or miR-204 was predicted by online tool starBase and verified by the Dual-Luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Tumor formation assay in nude mice was conducted to observe the role of circ_0001971 in vivo. RESULTS: The expression of circ_0001971 was significantly increased in tumor tissues and cell lines. Circ_0001971 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion but promoted cisplatin (DDP) sensitivity and cell apoptosis. It was confirmed that miR-194 and miR-204 were targets of circ_0001971, and miR-194 inhibition or miR-204 inhibition reversed the effects of circ_0001971 knockdown in OSCC cells. Moreover, circ_0001971 knockdown impeded tumorigenesis and development in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Circ_0001971 regulates cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and chemosensitivity of OSCC by interacting with miR-194 and miR-204 in vitro and in vivo. We provided a theoretical basis for the action mechanism of circ_0001971 on OSCC progression and chemosensitivity.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Neoplasias Bucais/genética , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , RNA Circular/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , RNA Circular/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Findings in the literature have been quite conflicting with respect to predicting residual pleural thickening (RPT) in tuberculous pleurisy (TP). The aim of this study was to determine which sonographic feature of TP might help in predicting the development of RPT. METHODS: Eighty-seven patients with TP were enrolled prospectively. The initial sonographic features were classified as anechoic, homogenously echogenic, complex non-septated and complex septated. The RPT level was measured 12 months after the start of antituberculosis (TB) treatment. Spirometry was performed 6 and 12 months after the start of anti-TB treatment. RESULTS: A higher odds of an RPT level >10 mm was found in patients with positive TB bacillus culture in pleural fluid (OR, 20.9; 95% CI, 2.2 to 198.0) and a complex septated sonographic pattern (OR, 145.0; 95% CI, 22.3 to 942.3). A complex septated sonographic pattern can predict RPT with a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 96%, positive predictive value of 84% and negative predictive value of 94%. Patients with an RPT level >10 mm had a lower forced vital capacity than those without (75.4% (9.2%) predicted vs 83.2% (9.5%) predicted, p<0.01) CONCLUSION: A complex septated sonographic pattern is a useful sign to predict an RPT level >10 mm 1 year after the start of anti-TB treatment. An RPT level >10 mm is associated with a high probability of decreased lung volumes. Therefore, the initial sonographic feature is beneficial in predicting the sequelae of TP after treatment.
Assuntos
Pleura/diagnóstico por imagem , Derrame Pleural/diagnóstico por imagem , Tuberculose Pleural/diagnóstico por imagem , Antituberculosos/administração & dosagem , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pleura/patologia , Derrame Pleural/etiologia , Espirometria , Tuberculose Pleural/complicações , Tuberculose Pleural/tratamento farmacológico , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the protective effect of nicotinamide on hypoxic cardiomyocytes and to investigate its possible mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Primary cardiomyocytes were used as study subjects. They were divided into three groups, including the blank group, control group and nicotinamide pretreatment group. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect cell viability. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was used to detect cytotoxicity and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Western blot were used to measure the expressions of genes in adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. JC-1 detected the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS). NAD was used for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+, and NAD phosphate (NADP)+ levels. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay was performed for the detection of intracellular energy metabolism. RESULTS: In the absence of oxygen, nicotinamide had a protective effect on primary cardiomyocytes. Meanwhile, nicotinamide could markedly inhibit the increase of caspase3 mRNA in cardiomyocyte apoptosis pathway, and suppress the expression of apoptotic proteins. Furthermore, it could significantly induce the increase of intracellular ATP and activate the AMPK pathway. The detection of mitochondria indicated that nicotinamide alleviated hypoxic cardiomyocytes. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential disrupted and inhibited mitochondrial oxidative stress levels. CONCLUSIONS: Nicotinamide pretreatment protects hypoxic cardiomyocytes and reduces intracellular mitochondrial stress. This protection may be related to the induction of the AMPK pathway and the increase of intracellular energy production.
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Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Niacinamida/farmacologia , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Animais , Contagem de Células , Hipóxia Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) model was established in rats in this study. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the protective role of Hepcidin in PAH rats and its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 24 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham group, PAH group and Hepcidin group, with 8 rats in each group. After animal procedures, hemodynamic parameters and right ventricular hypertrophy indexes were determined in rats. Cytokines in serum samples of rats were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pathological lesions in lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Finally, Western blot was conducted to detect the protein expressions of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in lung tissues of rats. RESULTS: Compared with sham group, mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) were significantly elevated in rats of PAH group (p<0.05). On the contrary, mPAP and RVSP in rats of Hepcidin group were both significantly lower than PAH group (p<0.05). Hepcidin treatment attenuated PAH-induced pathological lesions in lung tissues. ELISA results elucidated that Hepcidin treatment significantly decreased serum levels of TGF-ß, TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6. In addition, Western blot results demonstrated that protein levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1ß, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and MCP-1 in Hepcidin group were remarkably lower than those of PAH group. CONCLUSIONS: Hepcidin alleviates inflammatory response in PAH rats by inhibiting NF-kB/ TNF-α pathway.
Assuntos
Hepcidinas/uso terapêutico , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Substâncias Protetoras/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepcidinas/farmacologia , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Masculino , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar/patologia , Artéria Pulmonar/efeitos dos fármacos , Artéria Pulmonar/patologia , Artéria Pulmonar/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Volume Sistólico/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/sangue , Molécula 1 de Adesão de Célula Vascular/metabolismo , Remodelação Ventricular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The circular (CPGE) and linear photogalvanic effect (LPGE) of a three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Se3 thin film of seven quintuple layers excited by near-infrared (1064 nm) and mid-infrared (10.6 [Formula: see text]m) radiations have been investigated. The comparison of the CPGE current measured parallel and perpendicular to the incident plane, together with the comparison of the CPGE current under front and back illuminations, indicates that the CPGE under front illumination of 1064 nm light is dominated by the top surface states of the Bi2Se3 thin film. The CPGE current excited by 10.6 [Formula: see text]m light is about one order larger than that excited by 1064 nm light, which may be attributed to the smaller cancelation effect of the CPGE generated in the two-dimensional electron gas when excited by 10.6 [Formula: see text]m light. Under the excitation of 1064 nm light, the LPGE current is dominated by the component which shows an even parity of incident angles, while the LPGE current excited by 10.6 [Formula: see text]m light is mainly contributed by the component which is an odd parity of incident angles. Both of the CPGE and LPGE currents excited by 1064 nm decrease with increasing temperature, which may be owing to the decrease of the momentum relaxation time and the stronger electron-electron scattering with increasing temperature, respectively.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Patients with moderate thrombocytopenia and comorbidities requiring anticoagulation are currently sub-optimally treated because of bleeding concerns. Guidance on anticoagulating such patients is currently lacking because of limited data on safety and efficacy of anticoagulation in such patients. METHODS: This retrospective study compared the incidence of bleeding and thrombosis in a cohort of warfarinized patients with sustained platelet counts below 100×109/L against a cohort with normal platelet counts (>140×109/L). Primary outcomes of safety and efficacy were determined by incidence rate ratios (IRR) of bleeding and thrombotic events. International normalized ratio (INR) and platelet counts during adverse events in thrombocytopenic arm were secondary outcomes. RESULTS: 137 thrombocytopenic patients (104,985 patient-exposure days) were compared against 939 normal patients (715,193 patient-exposure days). IRR of minor, major bleeding and thrombosis among thrombocytopenic patients were 3.03 (95% CI: 1.57-5.60), 1.48 (95% CI: 0.44-3.98), and 0.807 (95% CI: 0.09-3.43) respectively. Median INR and platelet count readings during minor and major bleeds were 3.60 (IQR: 2.70-4.12) and 3.12 (IQR: 2.82-4.22), and 99×109/L (IQR: 77.0-147.0×109/L) and 115×109/L (IQR: 107.5-169.5×109/L) respectively. CONCLUSION: Warfarinized thrombocytopenic patients are at higher risk of minor bleeding complications with a higher tendency for major bleeding but derive similar benefits against thrombotic events compared to normal patients. Bleeding events are associated with higher INRs. A narrow INR target with an upper limit below 2.5 together with closer anticoagulation monitoring may improve safety of patients.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Trombocitopenia/complicações , Trombose/complicações , Trombose/tratamento farmacológico , Varfarina/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Hemorragia/sangue , Humanos , Coeficiente Internacional Normatizado , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Contagem de Plaquetas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Trombocitopenia/sangue , Trombose/sangue , Varfarina/efeitos adversos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In a period of 3 years, seven cases of acute pneumonitis have been found after patients have been subcutaneously injected with silicone for the sole purpose of augmentation mammaplasty. Adverse symptoms following these silicone injections were fever, hypoxemia, hemoptysis, and abnormal diffuse bilateral alveolar infiltrates in both lungs. Pulmonary hemorrhaging occurred, and this was substantiated by using the bronchoscope with the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The alveolar macrophage obtained from the BAL contained large quantities of pleomorphic cytoplasmic particles, which in actual fact were silicone particles. They were identified as silicone by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive analysis of x-rays. This evidently showed that silicone diffusion into the circulatory system and subsequent embolization of the lung. Pulmonary function studies had shown restrictive changes with increase or normal single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (Dsb). Perfusion lung scans were interpreted as showing diffuse abnormalities consisting of decreased peripheral uptake. Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure was noted in four of these patients. Silicone injections of this nature were therefore a respiratory risk and caused the inducement of pneumonitis.
Assuntos
Mamoplastia/métodos , Pneumonia/induzido quimicamente , Silicones/efeitos adversos , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Feminino , Humanos , Corpos de Inclusão/química , Corpos de Inclusão/ultraestrutura , Injeções Subcutâneas , Macrófagos Alveolares/ultraestrutura , Mamoplastia/efeitos adversos , Microscopia Eletrônica , Pneumonia/diagnóstico , Pneumonia/patologia , Silicones/administração & dosagemRESUMO
SETTING: A 2500-bed medical centre in southern Taiwan. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical value of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in predicting the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). DESIGN: HRCTs were performed prospectively in 148 patients whose chest radiographs (CXRs) showed highly suspicious signs of pulmonary TB, predominantly upper lung field infiltration. The HRCT findings, interpreted independently by a pulmonologist and a radiologist, were used to predict the activity of pulmonary TB. RESULTS: Pulmonologist-interpreted and radiologist-interpreted HRCTs showed high sensitivity (both 93%), specificity (83 vs. 88%), accuracy (86 vs. 90%), positive predictive values (76 vs. 83%) and negative predictive values (both 95%). Kappa statistic indicates good inter-reader agreement. CONCLUSION: HRCT has a high value in predicting the activity of pulmonary TB. It is a useful tool in this regard when a patient with suspected pulmonary TB lacks microbiologic proof, when clinical condition makes invasive diagnosis impossible or when a patient has completed anti-tuberculosis treatment with no compatible unequivocal CXR.
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Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Tuberculose Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Escarro/microbiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologiaRESUMO
Methyl glucoside polyester (MGPE), consisting of a methyl glucoside molecule esterified with four fatty acids, is a potential fat substitute. A mixture response surface methodology was employed to model the physical properties (melting point, density, and viscosity) of MGPE prepared from composite blends of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The measured physical properties were similar to those of soybean oil, except for a higher viscosity. The physical properties correlated significantly with the degree of saturation of their composite fatty acids. Results showed that the physical properties of MGPE prepared from a FAME mixture derived from high oleic acid safflower oil and soybean oil (molar ratio 1:1) was similar to those of soybean oil. The physical properties of MGPE can be adjusted by modifying the saturated fatty acids of synthesized MGPE to simulate the physical properties of soybean oil.
Assuntos
Físico-Química , Ácidos Graxos/química , Glucosídeos/química , Poliésteres/química , Fenômenos Químicos , Substitutos da Gordura , Reologia , ViscosidadeRESUMO
Response surface methodology (RSM) and 3-level-3-factor fractional factorial design were used to evaluate the effects of synthesis parameters, including reaction time (4 to 8 h), temperature (110 to 130 degrees C), and substrate molar ratio of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from soybean oil to methyl glucoside (4:1 to 6:1) on the percent molar conversion to methyl glucoside polyester (MGPE), utilizing 15 g of methyl glucoside as the reactant in a solvent-free system. All synthesis variables (reaction time, temperature, and substrate molar ratio) exhibited significant effects on percent molar conversion to MPGE in the experimental range. Optimization of the synthesis reaction was suggested by ridge max analysis to compute the estimated ridge of optimum response for increasing radii from the center of the original design. Based on the ridge max analysis, optimum conditions were: reaction time 6.3 h, synthesis temperature 123.8 degrees C, and substrate molar ratio 5.9:1. The predicted molar conversion was 55.68% (i.e., 15 g methyl glucoside yielded 56.5 g MGPE) at the optimum point.
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Glucosídeos/síntese química , Metilglucosídeos , Poliésteres/síntese química , Óleo de Soja , Cinética , TermodinâmicaRESUMO
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, poorly responding to available chemotherapeutic agents. To investigate whether natural molecules can inhibit colon cancer progression, we investigated a principle phytoestrogen found in soybean known as daidzein, and determined its effects on the human colon cancer cell line LoVo. LoVo cells were treated with 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 microM daidzein for 2, 3, 4 or 5 d. The results indicated that daidzein stimulated the growth of LoVo cells at 0.1 and 1 microM whereas at higher concentrations (10, 50 and 100 microM) cell growth was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of daidzein at 10, 50 and 100 microM resulted in cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, DNA fragmentation and increases in caspase-3 activity. There were no changes in alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), an indicator of cell differentiation, upon treatment with daidzein when compared to controls. These results indicate that daidzein has a biphasic effect on LoVo cell growth and its tumor suppressive effect is by means of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis but not through cell differentiation.
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Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Estrogênios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Isoflavonas/farmacologia , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Caspase 3 , Caspases/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Fragmentação do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Citometria de Fluxo , Fase G1/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Fase de Repouso do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sais de Tetrazólio , Tiazóis , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
A case of intrathoracic meningocele associated with neurofibromatosis is reported. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated that the paravertebral mass had a characteristic low attenuation coefficient compatible with liquid content. CT-myelography further confirmed the diagnosis. We recommend that though intrathoracic meningocele is rare, it should be kept in mind when making a differential diagnosis in cases where the patient has neurofibromatosis with a posterior mediastinal mass.
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Fibroma/complicações , Meningocele/complicações , Adulto , Fibroma/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Meningocele/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Torácicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Aspiration of foreign bodies into the bronchial tree is infrequently seen in adults. We reviewed 40 such cases during an 8-year period at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung. Only six patients had underlying conditions that contributed to the aspiration of foreign bodies. A positive history of aspiration was found in 18 patients (48%). Clinical manifestations were nonspecific. Chest roentgenograms were useful in 11 of the 40 patients. Bronchoscopic findings were classified into three groups: foreign bodies in the bronchial tree without granulation tissue, foreign bodies in the bronchial tree with marked granulation tissue and foreign bodies embedded in the granulation tissue. The diagnoses and removal of foreign bodies were successful in 37 patients (92%) using grasping forceps or biopsy forceps and in one patient using basket type grasping forceps. Complications of bronchoscopy were rare and not serious. The diagnosis of occult foreign bodies is often difficult and demands a high index of suspicion. Removal of endobronchial foreign bodies is usually possible with a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope and has a high success rate.
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Brônquios , Corpos Estranhos , Inalação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Broncoscopia , Feminino , Corpos Estranhos/complicações , Corpos Estranhos/diagnóstico , Corpos Estranhos/epidemiologia , Corpos Estranhos/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taiwan/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Anticoagulation with warfarin is influenced by dietary changes but the effect of fasting on warfarin therapy is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To study changes in international normalized ratio (INR) and the percentage of time within therapeutic range (%TTR) before, during and after the Muslim fasting month (Ramadan) in stable warfarinised Muslim patients. METHODS/PATIENTS: In this prospective study, weekly INR readings were taken at home visits from participating patients during three study periods: before, during and after Ramadan. Readings were blinded to patients and their primary physicians except for when pre-set study endpoints were reached. RESULTS: Among 32 participating patients, mean INR increased by 0.23 (P = 0.006) during Ramadan from the pre-Ramadan month and decreased by 0.28 (P < 0.001) after Ramadan. There was no significant difference (P = 1.000) in mean INR between the non-Ramadan months. %TTR declined from 80.99% before Ramadan to 69.56% during Ramadan (P = 0.453). The first out-of-range INR was seen around 12.1 days (95% CI, 9.0-15.1) after the start of fasting and returned to range at about 10.8 days (95% CI, 7.9-13.7) after Ramadan. Time above range increased from 10.80% pre-Ramadan to 29.87% during Ramadan (P = 0.027), while time below range increased from 0.57% during Ramadan to 15.49% post-Ramadan (P = 0.006). No bleeding or thrombotic events were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Fasting significantly increases the mean INR of medically stable patients taking warfarin and the likelihood of having an INR above therapeutic targets. For patients maintained at the higher end of INR target ranges or at increased risk of bleeding, closer monitoring or dosage adjustment may be necessary during fasting.