Mechanochemical Endovenous Ablation of Varicose Veins in Pediatric Patients with Klippel-Trénaunay Syndrome: Feasibility, Safety, and Initial Results.

PURPOSE: To evaluate feasibility, safety, and results of endovenous mechanochemical ablation (MOCA) for treatment of persistent embryonic and dysplastic veins in pediatric patients with Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome (KTS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen MOCA procedures were performed in 11 patients (age range, 4-16 years) with KTS and symptomatic persistent embryonic or dysplastic veins during a 24-month period. All patients were evaluated with color Doppler (CD) ultrasound (US), contrast-enhanced MR imaging, and venography to assess the anatomy of the target vessels and patency of the deep venous system. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia with a ClariVein catheter and liquid sodium tetradecyl sulfate as the sclerosing agent. US and fluoroscopic guidance were used in all cases. Technical success rate, primary occlusion rate, adverse effects, and recanalization rates were evaluated. Clinical and radiological (CD US) controls were performed 1 day, 7 days, 1 month, and 6 months after the procedure and once a year thereafter, with a mean follow-up of 16 months (range, 6-25 months). RESULTS: Technical success and primary occlusion were achieved in all patients with no adverse events. During the follow-up period, CD US demonstrated partial recanalization and symptom recurrence in 2 patients (18%), 14 and 18 months after the initial procedure. These 2 patients had a second ablation procedure with no recanalization or symptom recurrence during the subsequent follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: MOCA is feasible and appears to be a safe and effective technique for treatment of varicose veins in pediatric patients with KTS.

Portal Venous Disease.

Portal interventions in pediatric patients present unique difficulties when compared to adult procedures. In addition, children who need a portal intervention require a different workup and clinical management. Based on these elements, the clinical decisions for the study and treatment of these pathologies are different. This review is intended to present a summary of the interventional radiologist's role in treating pediatric portal venous diseases. Focus is placed on the technical elements, patient management and procedural indications while discussing different interventions involving the portal vein, providing some recommendations supported by recent research and the authors' experience.

The Impact of Adjuvant Sirolimus Therapy in the Surgical Management of Scrotal Slow-Flow Vascular Malformations.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the effects of oral sirolimus administered before and after surgical resection of slow-flow vascular malformations of the scrotum in pediatric patients. METHODS: Retrospective review of 3 patients presenting with complex lymphatic-venous malformations of the scrotum who received adjuvant oral sirolimus 3 months before and 3 months after surgical resection. Demographic data, clinical course, imaging findings, and management strategies were reviewed for each patient. RESULTS: In each of the 3 patients, there was a significant volume reduction of the lesion within the 3 months after initial dose of sirolimus. Scarce lymphatic leakage during and after surgery was reported, associated with an adequate wound healing. Two years after the last postsurgical dose of sirolimus, all patients remain asymptomatic without any lymphatic leakage or lesion recurrence. CONCLUSION: Combined lymphatic-venous vascular malformations of the male genitalia are rare but associated with high morbidity and challenging treatment options. Pre- and postsurgical adjuvant treatment with oral sirolimus seems to be a promising therapeutic option that provides reduction of the lesion size before surgery and improvement of postsurgical recovery and wound healing.