[Anti-inflammatory effect and its mechanism of Saracae Cortex based on zebrafish model and network pharmacology].

This paper aims to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Saracae Cortex by using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods and verify it through the inflammation model of zebrafish. The effective components, potential core targets, and signaling pathways of Saracae Cortex were obtained by using network pharmacology. A lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation model of zebrafish was established to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract and 70% ethanol extract of Saracae Cortex with cell apoptosis rate and reactive oxygen species(ROS) production rate as indicators. q PCR was performed to verify the main targets predicted by network pharmacology. The prediction found that there were 121 potential anti-inflammatory targets in Saracae Cortex. Protein-protein interaction(PPI) analysis showed that Saracae Cortex mainly acted on signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3), vascular endothelial growth factor A( VEGFA), epidermal growth factor( EGF), tumor necrosis factor( TNF),tumor protein p53(TP53), matrix metalloprotein 9(MMP9), c-fos proto-oncogene protein(FOS), estrogen receptor 1(ESR1), cx-c motif chemokine ligand 8(CXCL8), cluster of differentiation 8(CD8), and other targets. Gene Ontology(GO) analysis showed the biological process mainly acted on the inhibition of apoptosis, the positive regulation of gene expression, and the positive regulation of cell proliferation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) analysis showed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1) signaling pathway may play a key role in anti-inflammation of Saracae Cortex. Molecular docking verified that five key compounds had a strong binding force with their corresponding core target. Zebrafish animal experiments showed that Saracae Cortex could significantly inhibit ROS formation and reduce cell apoptosis in juvenile fish caused by inflammation and inhibit the further enhancement of inflammatory response in tissue. In addition, compared with the blank group, the transcription levels of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB), TP53, FOS, adaptor protein complex-1(AP-1), and mitogen-activated protein kinases P38(P38) were significantly up-regulated in the model group. Compared with the model group, the m RNA expression of NF-κB, TP53, FOS, AP-1, and P38 was significantly down-regulated in zebrafish tissue treated with aqueous extract and 70% ethanol extract of Saracae Cortex. Saracae Cortex plays an anti-inflammatory role through multiple components and targets, and its anti-inflammatory effect may be related to the inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway.

Enantioselective evaluation of the chiral fungicide mandipropamid: Dissipation, distribution and potential dietary intake risk in tomato, cucumber, Chinese cabbage and cowpea.

A chiral analytical method was developed and validated for the determination of mandipropamid enantiomers in tomato, cucumber, Chinese cabbage and cowpea. The linearity (R2 > 0.99), accuracy (recovery: 73.8-106%) and precision (relative standard deviation: < 11%) were adequate for the detection of mandipropamid enantiomers in four vegetables. Field trials were further conducted to investigate the dissipation and residue distribution of mandipropamid and the possible enantioselectivity in different vegetables. Due to the shorter half-lives, mandipropamid dissipated more rapidly in Chinese cabbage (1.8-2.0 d) and cowpea (1.6-2.4 d) than in tomato (5.0-8.4 d) and cucumber (2.4-5.5 d). The residues of mandipropamid were 45-179 µg/kg in tomato 14 d at low dose, 48-98 µg/kg in cucumber 7 d after spraying twice at low dose, and < 2.5-1942 µg/kg in Chinese cabbage and cowpea in all treatments, which were below the maximum residue limits of mandipropamid set by the European Union and Codex Alimentarius Commission. Enantioselectivity was observed during the mandipropamid dissipation process in four vegetables. The S-(+)-enantiomer dissipated more rapidly than the R-(-)-enantiomer in tomato and Chinese cabbage (enantiomeric fractions > 0.5). For cucumber and cowpea, the dissipation of the R-enantiomer was preferential (enantiomeric fractions < 0.5). According to the risk quotient data (<< 100%), the residues of mandipropamid in four vegetables were safe for Chinese consumers. This study could provide useful information for the dissipation fate and residue distribution of mandipropamid in vegetables at the enantiomer level and offer some guidance for the dietary intake risk evaluation of mandipropamid in vegetables.

Contamination, spatial distribution, and source contribution of persistent organic pollutants in the soil of Guiyang city, China: a case study.

The contamination of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is the most studied environmental issue. In 2020, a total of sixty soil samples collected from ten locations in Guiyang were analyzed to assess the presence of four DDTs and HCHs and sixteen PAHs. The concentrations of total DDTs, total HCHs and Σ16PAHs in the soil were between 0.26 and 12.76, 0.23 and 51.80 µg/kg, and 10.02 and 1708.86 µg/kg, respectively. The mean and median concentrations of total DDTs, total HCHs and Σ16PAHs in the soil were 1.04 and 0.26 µg/kg, 4.32 and 0.23 µg/kg, 139.14 and 98.98 µg/kg, respectively. p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and γ-HCH the dominant organochloride pollutants in the soil, while 4-ring PAHs were the dominant PAHs, occupying 41.1-53.6% of the total PAHs in the soil. The highest levels of PAHs in the soil were observed in areas of Guiyang with relatively larger population densities and more developed heave industries. Various diagnostic tools were used to identify the potential sources of the POPs in the soil. The data indicated that DDTs and HCHs were from past and recent common inputs and that mixtures of several combustion activities (biomass, coal and petroleum combustion, diesel, gasoline, and vehicular emissions) were the major sources of PAHs in the Guiyang soil. The results provide information for the assessment of the extent of POP pollution in the Guiyang soil and can help authorities establish environmental protection regulations and soil remediation techniques.

Determination, dissipation dynamics, terminal residues and dietary risk assessment of thiophanate-methyl and its metabolite carbendazim in cowpeas collected from different locations in China under field conditions.

BACKGROUND: Thiophanate-methyl and its metabolite carbendazim are broad-spectrum fungicides used on many crops. The residues of these chemicals could result in potential environmental and human health problems. Therefore, investigations of the dissipation and residue behaviors of thiophanate-methyl and its metabolite carbendazim on cowpeas and associated dietary risk assessments are essential for the safety of agricultural products. RESULTS: A simple analytical approach using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated for the determination of thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim concentrations in cowpeas. Good linearity (R2 > 0.998) was obtained, and the recoveries and relative standard deviations were 80.0-104.7% and 1.4-5.2%, respectively. The dissipation rates of thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim and total carbendazim were high (half-lives of 1.61-2.46 days) and varied in the field cowpea samples because of the different weather conditions and planting patterns. Based on the definition of thiophanate-methyl, the terminal residues of total carbendazim in cowpea samples were below the maximum residue limits set by Japan for other legumes. The acute and chronic risk quotients of three analytes were 0.0-27.6% in cowpea samples gathered from all terminal residue treatments, which were below 100%. CONCLUSION: An optimized approach for detecting thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim in cowpeas was applied for the investigation of field-trial samples. The potential acute and chronic dietary risks of thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim and total carbendazim to the health of Chinese consumers were low. These results could guide the safe and proper use of thiophanate-methyl in cowpeas and offer data for the dietary risk assessment of thiophanate-methyl in cowpeas. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

The application of a new clear removable appliance with an occlusal splint in early anterior crossbite.

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of anterior crossbite treatment in preschool-aged children depends on the treatment design and patient compliance. Common early treatment appliances with steel wires and acrylic resin can bring about numerous problems, such as toothache, sore gums and mucous membrane injury. The aim of this study was to propose a new clear removable appliance to provide preschool-age children with an improved experience of early occlusal interference treatment. METHODS: Appliances were designed with the help of 3-dimensional (3D) digital reconstruction oral models and fabricated using 3D printing technology and the pressed film method. Then, the mechanical properties of the original dental coping sheet and thermoformed aligners were assessed in a simulated intraoral environment. Preschool-age participants who displayed anterior crossbite were recruited in this study. Records (photographs and impressions) were taken before the treatment (T1), during the treatment (T2) and at the end of the treatment (T3). The effects of treatment were evaluated by clinical examination and questionnaires. RESULTS: Normal degrees of overbite and overjet in the primary dentition were achieved using this new appliance. Dental and soft tissue relationships were improved. Questionnaires showed that the safety evaluation, degree of comfort and convenience grades of the appliance were all relatively high. CONCLUSION: This explorative study demonstrates that our new clear removable appliance is able to correct early-stage anterior crossbite in a safe, comfortable, convenient and efficient way. Thus, it is a promising method to correct a certain type of malocclusion, and its clinical use should be promoted in the future.

A Full-Digital Technique to Mount a Maxillary Arch Scan on a Virtual Articulator.

Mounting casts accurately on an articulator is a prerequisite for the treatment planning/execution of complex dental cases that require occlusal rehabilitation. A full digital approach to transfer the position of maxillary dentition to a virtual articulator, by using intraoral scans and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) files is presented. This technique offers reduced chairside time and the flexibility of choosing the orientation plane. It can be used in orthognathic surgeries, complex interdisciplinary treatments requiring a CBCT scan with a large field of view, or treatments that already have the head CT or CBCT scans from previous diagnosis/treatment.

Chin remodeling in a patient with bimaxillary protrusion and open bite by using mini-implants for temporary anchorage.

Patients with bimaxillary protrusion may have an unattractive profile with a retruded chin contour. Correction of the severely protrusive anterior alveolar bone and teeth combined with a moderate open bite without orthognathic surgery can be challenging. This case report describes the orthodontic treatment of a woman with severe bimaxillary protrusion and a moderate open bite. Excellent chin morphology and facial appearance were obtained with the extraction of 4 first premolars and 4 third molars, and total distalization of both arches with 4 mini-implants, one in each quadrant between the second premolar and the first molar. The total treatment time was 30 months.

Suture compression induced midpalatal suture chondrocyte apoptosis with increased caspase-3, caspase-9, Bad, Bak, Bax and Bid expression.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies found bone resorption and chondrocytes loss in mouse models of mid-palatal suture when given continuous compressive force, although chondrocytes response remained unknown. Herein, we design this study to determine how continuous compression force induces chondrocytes apoptosis. METHODS: Thirty C57BL/6 male mice (aged 6 weeks) were randomly assigned into controls (not ligated to a spring), blank controls (ligated with no compression) and the compression group (ligated with 20-g compression). After 4 d, palatal tissues were sampled and stained by TB and safranin-O. Tunel staining measured the percentage of apoptotic chondrocytes, and immunohistochemistry was performed to label apoptosis-associated proteins (e.g., Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Bax, Bak, Bid, Bad, caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9). Intergroup comparison was made by the rank sum test, and P < 0.05 was defined as statistical significance. RESULTS: After 7d of induction, TB and safranin-O staining revealed that the cartilage area in the compression group was significantly decreased, while the control group remained largely unaltered. Tunel staining showed that apoptotic cell numbers in the mid-palatal suture were significantly higher than the control group. Immunohistochemistry showed that mice in the compression group had significantly increased expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, Bad, Bak, Bax and Bid; However, caspase-8 remained unaltered. No expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous compression force induces chondrocytes apoptosis in the mid-palatal suture. This process might be associated with the mitochondrial pathway.

Seed weight differences between wild and domesticated soybeans are associated with specific changes in gene expression.

KEY MESSAGE: Our study systematically explored potential genes and molecular pathways as candidates for differences in seed weight resulting from soybean domestication. In addition, potential contributions of lncRNAs to seed weight were also investigated. Soybeans have a long history of domestication in China, and there are several significant phenotypic differences between cultivated and wild soybeans, for example, seeds of cultivars are generally larger and heavier than those from wild accessions. We analyzed seed transcriptomes from thirteen soybean samples, including six landraces and seven wild accessions using strand-specific RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes related to seed weight were identified, and some of their homologs were associated with seed development in Arabidopsis. We also identified 1251 long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs), 243 intronic RNAs and 81 antisense lncRNAs de novo from these soybean transcriptomes. We then profiled the expression patterns of lncRNAs in cultivated and wild soybean seeds, and found that transcript levels of a number of lncRNAs were sample-specific. Moreover, gene transcript and lincRNA co-expression network analysis showed that some soybean lincRNAs might have functional roles as they were hubs of co-expression modules. In conclusion, this study systematically explored potential genes and molecular pathways as candidates for differences in seed weight resulting from soybean domestication, and will provide a useful future resource for molecular breeding of soybeans.

A betaine-contained solution reduced cold ischemia damage through inhibiting vacuolar degeneration in livers.

A new osmoprotectant-containing multiple saccharide (MS) solution was formulated for this study. The primary objectives were to compare the effects of the MS solution with those of the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution and hypertonic citrate adenine (HCA) solution on liver cold preservation, as well as to investigate the mechanisms underlying osmolarity-induced injury. Rat livers were cold-stored for 18 h at 4 °C using the different solutions and subsequently subjected to 2 h of normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) for functional assessment. The livers were categorized into four groups: HCA, UW, MS, and a control group. Liver function and histological changes were evaluated using biochemical markers such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alongside histopathological analysis. Additionally, the expression of aquaporin 9 (AQP9) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in hepatocytes was examined. Liver damage was significantly reduced in the UW and MS groups (p < 0.05). Histopathological analysis revealed a decrease in hepatic apoptosis and injury scores in the MS group compared to the HCA group (p < 0.05). No significant differences in liver function changes were observed between the MS and UW groups. Furthermore, examination of liver tissue showed increased H2O2 fluorescence intensity and decreased AQP9 protein levels in livers exhibiting vacuolar degeneration. In conclusion, the MS solution demonstrated superior effectiveness in preserving the liver during cold storage by inhibiting vacuolar degeneration caused by intracellular H2O2 accumulation.

Clinical nursing value of predictive nursing in reducing complications of pregnant women undergoing short-term massive blood transfusion during cesarean section.

BACKGROUND: Cesarean hemorrhage is one of the serious complications, and short-term massive blood transfusion can easily cause postoperative infection and physical stress response. However, predictive nursing intervention has important clinical significance for it. AIM: To explore the effect of predictive nursing intervention on the stress response and complications of women undergoing short-term mass blood transfusion during cesarean section (CS). METHODS: A clinical medical record of 100 pregnant women undergoing rapid mass blood transfusion during sections from June 2019 to June 2021. According to the different nursing methods, patients divided into control group (n = 50) and observation group (n = 50). Among them, the control group implemented routine nursing, and the observation group implemented predictive nursing intervention based on the control group. Moreover, compared the differences in stress response, complications, and pain scores before and after the nursing of pregnant women undergoing rapid mass blood transfusion during CS. RESULTS: The anxiety and depression scores of pregnant women in the two groups were significantly improved after nursing, and the psychological stress response of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the observation group during delivery were lower than those of the control group, and the MAP at the end of delivery was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, different pain scores improved significantly in both groups, with the observation group considerably less than the control group (P < 0.05). After nursing, complications such as skin rash, urinary retention, chills, diarrhea, and anaphylactic shock in the observation group were 18%, which significantly higher than in the control group (4%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Predictive nursing intervention can effectively relieve the pain, reduce the incidence of complications, improve mood and stress response, and serve as a reference value for the nursing of women undergoing rapid mass transfusion during CS.

Timing theory integrated nursing combined behavior change integrated theory of nursing on primiparous influence.

BACKGROUND: The comprehension and utilization of timing theory and behavior change can offer a more extensive and individualized provision of support and treatment alternatives for primipara. This has the potential to enhance the psychological well-being and overall quality of life for primipara, while also furnishing healthcare providers with efficacious interventions to tackle the psychological and physiological obstacles encountered during the stages of pregnancy and postpartum. AIM: To explore the effect of timing theory combined with behavior change on self-efficacy, negative emotions and quality of life in patients with primipara. METHODS: A total of 80 primipara cases were selected and admitted to our hospital between August 2020 and May 2022. These cases were divided into two groups, namely the observation group and the control group, with 40 cases in each group. The nursing interventions differed between the two groups, with the control group receiving routine nursing and the observation group receiving integrated nursing based on the timing theory and behavior change. The study aimed to compare the pre- and post-nursing scores of Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), breast milk knowledge, self-efficacy, and SF-36 quality of life in both groups. RESULTS: After nursing, the CPSS, EPDS, and SAS scores of the two groups was significantly lower than that before nursing, and the CPSS, EPDS, and SAS scores of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P = 0.002, P = 0.011, and P = 0.001 respectively). After nursing, the breastfeeding knowledge mastery, self-efficacy, and SF-36 quality of life scores was significantly higher than that before nursing, and the breastfeeding knowledge mastery (P = 0.013), self-efficacy (P = 0.008), and SF-36 quality of life (P = 0.011) scores of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group. CONCLUSION: The integration of timing theory and behavior change integrated theory has been found to be an effective approach in alleviating negative mood and stress experienced by primipara individuals, while also enhancing their self-efficacy and overall quality of life. This study focuses on the key concepts of timing theory, behavior change, primipara individuals, negative mood, and quality of life.

Advancements in Biosensors for Point-of-Care Testing of Nucleic Acid.

Rapid, low-cost and high-specific diagnosis based on nucleic acid detection is pivotal in both detecting and controlling various infectious diseases, effectively curbing their spread. Moreover, the analysis of circulating DNA in whole blood has emerged as a promising noninvasive strategy for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Although traditional nucleic acid detection methods are reliable, their time-consuming and intricate processes restrict their application in rapid field assays. Consequently, an urgent emphasis on point-of-care testing (POCT) of nucleic acids has arisen. POCT enables timely and efficient detection of specific sequences, acting as a deterrent against infection sources and potential tumor threats. To address this imperative need, it is essential to consolidate key aspects and chart future directions in POCT biosensors development. This review aims to provide an exhaustive and meticulous analysis of recent advancements in POCT devices for nucleic acid diagnosis. It will comprehensively compare these devices across crucial dimensions, encompassing their integrated structures, the synthesized nanomaterials harnessed, and the sophisticated detection principles employed. By conducting a rigorous evaluation of the current research landscape, this review will not only spotlight achievements but also identify limitations, offering valuable insights into the future trajectory of nucleic acid POCT biosensors. Through this comprehensive analysis, the review aspires to serve as an indispensable guide for fostering the development of more potent biosensors, consequently fostering precise and efficient POCT applications for nucleic acids.

The impact of pandemic on dynamic volatility spillover network of international stock markets.

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, several pandemics, including SARS and COVID-19, have spread faster and on a broader scale. Not only do they harm people's health, but they can also cause significant damage to the global economy within a short period of time. This study uses the infectious disease EMV tracker index to investigate the impact of pandemics on the volatility spillover effects of global stock markets. Spillover index model estimation is conducted using the time-varying parameter vector autoregressive approach, and the maximum spanning tree and threshold filtering techniques are combined to construct the dynamic network of volatility spillovers. The conclusion from the dynamic network is that when a pandemic occurs, the total volatility spillover effect increases sharply. In particular, the total volatility spillover effect historically peaked during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, when pandemics occur, the density of the volatility spillover network increases, while the diameter of the network decreases. This indicates that global financial markets are increasingly interconnected, speeding up the transmission of volatility information. The empirical results further reveal that volatility spillovers among international markets have a significant positive correlation with the severity of a pandemic. The study's findings are expected to help investors and policymakers understand volatility spillovers during pandemics.

PPAR-γ activation promotes xenogenic bioroot regeneration by attenuating the xenograft induced-oxidative stress.

Xenogenic organ transplantation has been considered the most promising strategy in providing possible substitutes with the physiological function of the failing organs as well as solving the problem of insufficient donor sources. However, the xenograft, suffered from immune rejection and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), causes massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression and the subsequent cell apoptosis, leading to the xenograft failure. Our previous study found a positive role of PPAR-γ in anti-inflammation through its immunomodulation effects, which inspires us to apply PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone (RSG) to address survival issue of xenograft with the potential to eliminate the excessive ROS. In this study, xenogenic bioroot was constructed by wrapping the dental follicle cells (DFC) with porcine extracellular matrix (pECM). The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced DFC was pretreated with RSG to observe its protection on the damaged biological function. Immunoflourescence staining and transmission electron microscope were used to detect the intracellular ROS level. SD rat orthotopic transplantation model and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) knockout mice subcutaneous transplantation model were applied to explore the regenerative outcome of the xenograft. It showed that RSG pretreatment significantly reduced the adverse effects of H2O2 on DFC with decreased intracellular ROS expression and alleviated mitochondrial damage. In vivo results confirmed RSG administration substantially enhanced the host's antioxidant capacity with reduced osteoclasts formation and increased periodontal ligament-like tissue regeneration efficiency, maximumly maintaining the xenograft function. We considered that RSG preconditioning could preserve the biological properties of the transplanted stem cells under oxidative stress (OS) microenvironment and promote organ regeneration by attenuating the inflammatory reaction and OS injury.

Platinum Black/Gold Nanoparticles/Polyaniline Modified Electrochemical Microneedle Sensors for Continuous In Vivo Monitoring of pH Value.

Continuous in vivo monitoring (CIVM) of pH value is essential for personalized medicine, as many diseases are closely related to acid-base imbalances. However, conventional pH meters are limited in their ability to perform CIVM due to excessive blood consumption, large device volume, frequent calibration, and inadequate real-time monitoring. There is thus an urgent need for a portable method for CIVM of pH value. To address this need, we propose a minimally invasive, continuous monitoring solution in the form of an implantable pH microneedle sensor (MNS) in this study. The MNS is based on the integration of an acupuncture needle (AN) and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. We fabricate the sensor by electrochemically depositing platinum black and gold nanoparticles onto the AN and further modifying it with polyaniline to increase its sensitivity to hydrogen ions. The pH value is obtained by calculating the open circuit voltage between the modified AN and the reference electrode. The resulting MNS demonstrates excellent selectivity and a high nernstian response to pH (-57.4 mV per pH) over a broad range (pH = 4.0 to pH = 9.0). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have verified the performance of the sensor, showcasing its potential for biomedical research and clinical practice. The MNS provides an alternative to conventional pH meters, offering a less invasive and more convenient way to perform CIVM of pH value. Moreover, this electrochemical implantable sensor based on AN and silver wires provides a simple and sensitive method for continuous in vivo detection of other biomarkers.

Personalized 3D-Printed Scaffolds with Multiple Bioactivities for Bioroot Regeneration.

Recent advances in 3D printing offer a prospective avenue for producing transplantable human tissues with complex geometries; however, the appropriate 3D-printed scaffolds possessing the biological compatibility for tooth regeneration remain unidentified. This study proposes a personalized scaffold of multiple bioactivities, including induction of stem cell proliferation and differentiation, biomimetic mineralization, and angiogenesis. A brand-new bioink system comprising a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer is developed and reinforced with extracellular matrix generated from dentin tissue (treated dentin matrix, TDM). Adding TDM optimizes physical properties including microstructure, hydrophilicity, and mechanical strength of the scaffolds. Proteomics analysis reveals that the released proteins of the 3D-printed TDM scaffolds relate to multiple biological processes and interact closely with each other. Additionally, 3D-printed TDM scaffolds establish a favorable microenvironment for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro. The 3D-printed TDM scaffolds are proangiogenic and facilitate whole-thickness vascularization of the graft in a subcutaneous model. Notably, the personalized TDM scaffold combined with dental follicle cells mimics the anatomy and physiology of the native tooth root three months after in situ transplantation in beagles. The remarkable in vitro and in vivo outcomes suggest that the 3D-printed TDM scaffolds have multiple bioactivities and immense clinical potential for tooth-loss therapy.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma preserves intracellular homeostasis of insulin-resistant periodontal ligament stem cells.

Background: Diabetes and periodontitis develop and influence each other. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone (RSG) controls blood glucose and hence the systemic diseases associated with diabetes by increasing the sensitivity of tissues to insulin. However, whether and how RSG can treat diabetic periodontitis is poorly understood. Methods: Insulin-resistant periodontal ligament stem cells (IR-PDLSCs) were induced by glucosamine (18 mM, 24 h) in the presence or absence of RSG or GW9662 (a PPARγ antagonist). The glucose uptake rate was tested to evaluate insulin sensitivity. A scratch test was carried out to measure cell proliferation and motility. We used 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DFCH-DA) and JC-1 kits to detect oxidative stress (OS), and cytoskeleton staining and Calcein-AM/PI kits were used to determine cell viability. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) ELISA kits were used to evaluate inflammation levels. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) analysis were used to assess the expression of osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation-related genes or proteins. Results: Our results showed that RSG exhibited a protective effect on IR-PDLSCs, with increased insulin sensitivity and migration efficiency, an alleviation of glucosamine-induced OS, and a downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion through activation of PPARγ receptors. Moreover, RSG alleviated the suppressed odontogenic differentiation ability of IR-PDLSCs. Conclusions: RSG preserves the biological functions of IR-PDLSCs in maintaining intracellular homeostasis by increasing insulin sensitivity, reducing OS, and suppressing inflammation.

Camouflage treatment guided by facial improvement in hyperdivergent skeletal class II malocclusion.

Background: To detect parameters associated with the craniomaxillofacial system that could be altered during hyperdivergent skeletal class II malocclusion camouflage treatment for better profile improvement. Methods: Forty-two subjects with hyperdivergent skeletal class II malocclusion who had finished their orthodontic treatments and achieved good soft tissue responses were included in this study. Cephalometric analyses of these patients were taken before (T1) and after (T2) treatment. Measurements were made at each treatment stage and analyzed within and between groups. Results: No obvious decrease in the cant of occlusal plane (OP) (the line of point L1 and point L7) and mandibular plane (MP) was observed. However, an obvious decrease in the cant of the posterior occlusal plane (POP) and the angle of plane NA and plane NB (ANB) and a significant increase in the distance from the condylar center (Dc) to OP (DPO) were observed in the subjects (P<0.05). Conclusions: Decreased POP canting and increased DPO values play a vital role in profile improvement. Sagittal discrepancies might be considerably alleviated by a decreasing ANB angle [especially the sella nasion A point (SNA) angle]. Therefore, to attain a successful camouflage treatment of hyperdivergent skeletal class II malocclusion, treatment should be targeted towards finding an alternative to control POP canting, including reducing crowding in the posterior arch, as well as modifying and intruding molars to an upright and lower position.

Dissipation, residue, stereoselectivity and dietary risk assessment of penthiopyrad and metabolite PAM on cucumber and tomato in greenhouse and field.

Penthiopyrad is a broad-spectrum fungicide with wide application in agriculture with preferential degradation of the S (+)-stereoisomer in soil. An understanding of the stereoselective fate of penthiopyrad is crucial for accurate food safety risk assessment. In this study, the dissipation, distribution, and dietary intake risk of penthiopyrad and its main metabolite (PAM) was conducted in cucumber and tomato samples under greenhouse and open field conditions. The half-lives of penthiopyrad in cucumber and tomato samples were < 8 days and the dissipation rates were higher in the open field than in the greenhouse. Due to the enantiomeric fraction data > 0.5, S (+)-stereoisomer dissipated slightly faster than R-(-)-stereoisomer. The residues of total penthiopyrad (sum of rac-penthiopyrad and PAM) were lower than the maximum residue limits in cucumber and tomato samples (risk quotients â‰ª 100%). Therefore, the recommended penthiopyrad spraying method does not threaten vegetable cultivations and has negligible dietary intake risk.