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INTRODUCTION: Campylobacter spp. are zoonotic bacteria that cause gastroenteritis in humans and may cause extraintestinal infections such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, reactive arthritis, and bacteremia. Resistance to antibiotics is an increasing concern in the Sub-Saharan Africa; thus, search for alternatives such as plant-based active ingredients is important in order to develop new drugs. OBJECTIVES: To present a systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies of the antibacterial activity of medicinal plants from Sub-Saharan Africa against Campylobacter spp. Methodology. Studies published until March 2020 on medicinal plants used against Campylobacter spp. from each country of Sub-Saharan Africa were searched on PubMed, Science Direct, AJOL, and Google Scholar. Articles were selected based on the existence of information regarding in vitro and in vivo activity of medicinal plants against Campylobacter spp. RESULTS: A total of 47 medicinal plants belonging to 28 families were studied for in vitro activity against Campylobacter spp. No plant was studied in vivo. Plants from Fabaceae family were the most commonly studied. The plants with the strongest antimicrobial activities were Cryptolepis sanguinolenta and Terminalia macroptera. The root extracts from these plants were effective, and both had a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 µg/ml. Seven pure compounds were isolated and analyzed for activity against Campylobacter spp. The compound cryptolepine from C. sanguinolenta was the most effective with MIC values ranging between 6.25 and 25 µg/ml. CONCLUSION: Several native plants from the Sub-Saharan Africa region were studied for in vitro activity against Campylobacter spp. Some plants seemed very effective against the bacteria. Chemical compounds from three plants have been isolated and analyzed, but further studies are needed in order to produce new and effective drugs.
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Introdução: As doenças crónicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) apresentam uma tendência crescente em Moçambique, onde causam 28% de mortes hospitalares. Estas doenças estão geralmente associadas a quatro factores de risco comportamentais: tabagismo, alcoolismo, inactividade física e alimentação inadequada. Os prossionais de saúde constituem um grupo particular na população, que tem uma prevalência de factores de risco desconhecida. Este estudo teve como objectivo determinar a prevalência de factores de risco para DCNT em trabalhadores de saúde duma unidade sanitária urbana. População e Métodos: Foi desenhado um estudo transversal descritivo, na qual se utilizou a metodologia STEPwise da OMS. Para análise de associação utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado de Mantel-Haenszel e o Coeciente de Correlação de Pearson. Resultados e Discussão: Participaram no estudo 202 trabalhadores de saúde dum hospital de primeira referência na Cidade de Maputo, com idades entre 20 e 65 anos, sendo 136 (67,3%) do sexo feminino. Nenhum trabalhador era fumante activo, 93 (46,0%) tinham sobrepeso (IMC> 25 kg/m2), 88 (43,6%) tinham hábitos alcoólicos, 42 (23,5%) tinham hipertensão arterial. Não se vericou associação entre o risco de ter DCNT e a categoria prossional (clínicos e não clínicos; χ2= 5,5138, p=0,0635). Os factores associados ao risco de ter uma DCNT foram o sexo feminino (χ2=12,2611, p=0.0022) e a idade avançada (40-69 anos) (χ2= 9,4056, p=0,0091). A análise cumulativa dos factores de risco mostrou que 31 trabalhadores (15,4%) tinham risco elevado de ter DCNT (3-5 factores) e 167 (82,7%) risco moderado (1-2 factores). Conclusão: Os TS têm elevada frequência de factores de risco para doença crónica, havendo 82,7% com risco moderado e 15,4% com risco elevado. Dos factores mensurados os mais prevalentes foram: sobrepeso, consumo de álcool e hipertensão arterial. A ocorrência de sobrepeso e abuso de álcool foram encontrados sobretudo nos sexos feminino e masculino, respectivamente. Dado ao investimento enorme feito nesta classe de prossionais recomendam-se medidas de monitorização e controle dos níveis de pressão arterial, colesterol e glicemia. Ênfase deve ser dada a promoção de actividade física e educação nutricional nas mulheres, e o controle do consumo excessivo de álcool nos homens.
Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCD) present a growing trend in Mozambique, where they cause 28% of hospital deaths. ese diseases are usually associated with four behavioral risk factors: smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity and poor nutrition. Health workers are a particular population group, which have a prevalence of unknown risk factors. is study aimed to determine the prevalence of risk factors for NCDs in health workers of an urban health center. Population and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed in which was used the WHO STEP- wise methodology. For the analysis of association, we used the chi-square test of Mantel-Haenszel and the Pearson correlation coecient. Results and Discussion: 202 health workers participated in the study, aged from 20 to 65 years, 136 (67,3%) female. No worker was active smoker, 93 (46,0%) were overweight (BMI> 25 kg / m2), 88 (43,6%) were alcohol consumers, 42 (23,5%) had high blood pressure. ere was no association between the risk of NCDs and the professional category (clinical and non-clinical, χ2 = 5,5138, p = 0,0635). e factors associated with the risk of having NCDs were female sex (χ2 = 12,2611, p = 0,0022) and older age (40-69 years) (χ2 = 9,4056, p = 0,0091). e cumulative analysis of risk factors workers showed that 31 (15,4%) were at high risk of developing NCD (3-5 factors) and 167 (82,7%) at a moderate risk (1-2 factors). Conclusion: e health workers have a high frequency of risk factors for chronic disease, with 82,7% at moderate risk, and 15,4% at a high risk. e most prevalent risk factors were overweight, alcohol and hypertension. e occurrence of overweight and alcohol abuse were found primarily in women and men, respectively. Given the huge investment in this professional class, we recommended monitoring and control of blood pressure, cholesterol and glucose levels. Emphasis should be given to promote physical activity and nutrition education for women, and control of excessive alcohol consumption in me