RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Alteration of vitamin D is a risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). AIM: To evaluate the pulmonary and serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) in patients with and without pulmonary TB. METHODS: Two-stage study: the first part was retrospective cross-sectional and the second prospective. Those > 18 years of age who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy for suspected pulmonary TB and in whom the infection was confirmed were included. Patients with another type of infection without TB and non-infectious diseases were taken as controls for the first stage and infectious controls without TB in the prospective phase. The measurement of 25OHD was performed by ELFA (enzyme-linked fluorescence assay). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate association, considering a value of p < 0.05 to be significant. The data were processed with the SPSS version 23 program. RESULTS: The total sample was 77 patients (35 in the first stage and 42 in the second). The characteristics between the groups were homogeneous. Serum (second phase) and broncho-alveolar lavage (first and second phase) levels of 25OHD were lower in TB patients compared to controls and were independent of serum calcium level (serum: 22.4 ng/mL vs 33 ng/mL, p = 0.006 and broncho-alveolar lavage: 9.7 ng/mL vs 12.2 ng/mL; p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant difference between the levels of 25OHD in both serum and broncho-alveolar lavage in patients with pulmonary TB in relation to their controls.
Assuntos
Tuberculose Pulmonar , Deficiência de Vitamina D , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Irrigação Terapêutica , Vitamina DRESUMO
La mucormicosis es una infección causada por hongos oportunistas pertenecientes al orden de los mucorales. Desde la aparición de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 se han emitido alertas sobre el incremento en la presentación de esta infección. La presentación de mucormicosis traqueo-bronquial representa el 37% de la afectación pulmonar. A continuación, se desarrolla el caso clínico de una pa-ciente diabética con neumonía severa por SARS-CoV-2, con evolución desfavorable, quien es llevada a broncoscopia, encontrando pseudomembranas blanquecinas que obs-truían la luz del bronquio fuente izquierdo, confirmándose histopatológicamente la presencia de mucorales. Se realiza reporte del presente caso para reconocer la apa-rición de infecciones fúngicas en pacientes que presen-tan diabetes mal controlada e infección por SARS-CoV-2 que tienen una evolución tórpida. La presencia de seudo membranas blancas puede ser un signo de alarma para tener este tipo de infecciones dentro de las posibilidades diagnósticas
Mucormycosis is an infection caused by opportunistic fungi belonging to the order Mucorales. Since the SARS CoV 2 pandemic, warnings have been issued about the increase in the presentation of this infection. The presentation of tracheobronchial mucormycosis represents 37% of pulmonary involvement.We present the clinical case of a diabetic patient with severe pneumonia due to SARS VOC 2, with unfavorable evolution, who was taken to bronchoscopy and found whitish pseudomembranes obstructing the lumen of the left main bronchus, confirming histopathologically the presence of mucormycosis.A report of the present case is made to recognize the appearance of fungal infections in patients with poorly controlled diabetes and SARSe COV 2 infection, who have a torpid evolution. The presence of white pseudomembranes should be an alarm sign to have this type of infections within the diagnostic possibilities
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Mucormicose/terapiaRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: La alteración de la vitamina D es un factor de riesgo para enfermar de tuberculosis (TBC). OBJETIVO: Evaluar la concentración pulmonar y sérica del compuesto 25-hidroxi-vitamina D (25OHD) en pacientes con y sin TBC pulmonar. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio de dos etapas: la primera parte fue de corte transversal, retrospectiva, y la segunda prospectiva. Se incluyeron > 18 años a los que se les realizó fibrobroncoscopia por sospecha de TBC pulmonar y en quienes se confirmó la infección. Se tomaron como controles a pacientes con otro tipo de infección no TBC, y enfermedades no infecciosas para la primera etapa y controles infecciosos sin TBC en la fase prospectiva. La medición de 25OHD se realizó mediante ELFA (ensayo de fluorescencia ligado a enzima). Se empleó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para evaluar asociación considerando significativo un valor de p < 0,05. Los datos se procesaron con el programa SPSS versión 23. RESULTADOS: La muestra total fue de 77 pacientes (35 en la primera etapa y 42 en la segunda). Las características entre los grupos fueron homogéneas. Las concentraciones en suero (segunda fase) como en el lavado bronco-alveolar (primera y segunda fase) de 25OHD fueron más bajas en pacientes con TBC comparado con los controles e independientes de la concentración de calcio sérico (suero: 22,4 ng/mL vs 33 ng/mL, p = 0,006 y lavado bronco-alveolar: 9,7 ng/mL vs 12,2 ng/mL; p = 0,012). CONCLUSIONES: Hubo una diferencia significativa entre las concentraciones de 25OHD, tanto en suero como en lavado bronco-alveolar, en pacientes con TBC pulmonar con relación a sus controles.
BACKGROUND: Alteration of vitamin D is a risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). AIM: To evaluate the pulmonary and serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) in patients with and without pulmonary TB. METHODS: Two-stage study: the first part was retrospective cross-sectional and the second prospective. Those > 18 years of age who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy for suspected pulmonary TB and in whom the infection was confirmed were included. Patients with another type of infection without TB and non-infectious diseases were taken as controls for the first stage and infectious controls without TB in the prospective phase. The measurement of 25OHD was performed by ELFA (enzyme-linked fluorescence assay). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate association, considering a value of p < 0.05 to be significant. The data were processed with the SPSS version 23 program. RESULTS: The total sample was 77 patients (35 in the first stage and 42 in the second). The characteristics between the groups were homogeneous. Serum (second phase) and broncho-alveolar lavage (first and second phase) levels of 25OHD were lower in TB patients compared to controls and were independent of serum calcium level (serum: 22.4 ng/mL vs 33 ng/mL, p = 0.006 and broncho-alveolar lavage: 9.7 ng/mL vs 12.2 ng/mL; p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant difference between the levels of 25OHD in both serum and broncho-alveolar lavage in patients with pulmonary TB in relation to their controls.