Role of Incretins in Muscle Functionality, Metabolism, and Body Composition in Breast Cancer: A Metabolic Approach to Understanding This Pathology.

A poorly studied issue in women with breast cancer is the role of incretins (GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) and GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1)) in the quantity and quality of muscle mass in lean and obese individuals. The current report aims to analyze the patterns of association and the role of incretin in muscle functionality and body composition in women with cancer compared with healthy women (mammography BI-RADS I or II) to elucidate whether GIP and GLP-1 can be used to estimate the risk, in conjunction with overweight or obesity, for breast cancer. We designed a case-control study in women with a breast cancer diagnosis confirmed by biopsy in different clinical stages (CS; n = 87) and healthy women with a mastography BI-RADS I or II within the last year (n = 69). The women were grouped according to body mass index (BMI): lean (<25 kg/m2BS), overweight (≥25-<30 kg/m2BS), and obese (≥30 kg/m2BS). We found that GLP-1 and GIP levels over 18 pg/mL were associated with a risk of breast cancer (GIP OR = 36.5 and GLP-1 OR = 4.16, for the entire sample), particularly in obese women (GIP OR = 8.8 and GLP-1 OR = 6.5), and coincidentally with low muscle quality indexes, showed an association between obesity, cancer, incretin defects, and loss of muscle functionality.

Relación entre índices de adiposidad visceral con componentes del síndrome metabólico en pacientes pediátricos con sobrepeso y obesidad / Relation among visceral adiposity index with components of metabolic syndrome in obese pediatric patients

Introducción: El síndrome metabólico (SM) consiste en conjunto de alteraciones metabólicas y cardiovasculares relacionadas con resistencia insulínica y la grasa visceral. Los índices antropométricos de adiposidad visceral son herramientas útiles que pudieran detectar complicaciones metabólicas en niños obesos. Objetivos: Determinar correlación entre índices de adiposidad visceral y componentes del SM en pacientes pediátricos obesos. Métodos: Estudio transversal, pacientes de 6-16 años. Inclusión: IMC ≥ 85p, exclusión: obesidad endógena, genopatías, uso de esteroides, silla de ruedas y yesos. Variables: CC (circunferencia de cintura), ICE (índice cintura-estatura), ICC (índice de cintura-cadera), TAS, TAD (tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica), triglicéridos, colesterol total, HDL (lipoproteína alta densidad), LDL (lipoproteína de baja densidad), VLDL (lipoproteína de muy baja densidad), ácido úrico sérico, insulina, índice de HOMA. Estándares internacionales para variables. Estadística: Frecuencias, porcentajes, medias/medianas, DS/rango, correlación Pearson. Resultados: 83 pacientes, mediana 11 años. 49 (51%) masculinos. Media IMC 31.4 (DS 6.3). Diagnóstico de obesidad visceral por ICE= 96.3%; por CC =80.7% y por ICC= 57.8%. Correlaciones: CC con TAS= r 0.35, p 0.001; TAD =r 0.29, p= 0.008; ácido úrico r =0.25, p 0.02 y con LDL-C = r 0.23, p 0.029. ICE con LDL r = 0.29, p 0.009. ICC con HDL r 0.34, p 0.002. Conclusiones: El ICE fue el que más detectó adiposidad visceral y el ICC fue el que menos diagnosticó. Las correlaciones significativas fueron: ICE con LDL; ICC con HDL y CC con TAS, TAD, LDL y ácido úrico sérico. La CC correlacionó con más componentes del SM (AU)

Metabolic syndrome (MS) consisting of set of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders related to insulin resistance and visceral fat. Anthropometric visceral adiposity indices are useful tools that could detect metabolic complications in obese children. Objective to determine correlation between visceral adiposity indices and components of MS in obese pediatric patients. Transversal, patients 6-16 years. Inclusion: BMI ≥ 85p, exclusion endogenous obesity, genopathies, steroid use, wheelchair and plasters. Variables: WC (waist circumference), WHtI (waist-height index), WHR (waist-hip ratio), SBP, DBP (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL (high lipoprotein density), LDL (low density lipoprotein) VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein), serum uric acid, insulin, HOMA index. international standards for variables. Statistics: frequencies, percentages, means / medium, DS / range, Pearson correlation. Results: 83 patients, median 11 years. 49 (51%) male. Average BMI 31.4 (SD 6.3). Diagnosis of visceral obesity = 96.3% by WHI; WC = 80.7% and 57.8% WHR. Correlations WC with SBP, r = 0.35, p 0.001; DBP, r = 0.29, p = 0.008; Uric acid r = 0.25, p 0.02 and LDL-C r= 0.23, p 0.029. WHI with LDL, r = 0.29, p 0.009. WHR with HDL, r 0.34, p 0.002. The WHtI was the most detected visceral adiposity and the WHR was the least diagnosed. We concluded the WC correlated with more components of MS. Significant correlations: WHtI with LDL; WHR with HDL and WC with SBP, DBP, LDL and serum uric acid (AU)