Comparative analysis of hypofractionated short-course versus standard radiation therapy in elderly patients with glioblastoma: analysis of nationwide database.

PURPOSE: Hypofractionated short-course radiation therapy (SCRT) is an alternative treatment option for elderly or frail patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) post-surgery. This study compares survival outcomes and treatment costs between patients receiving SCRT and those undergoing standard long-course radiation therapy (LCRT). METHODS: This retrospective study utilized health insurance claims and national cancer registry data from Korea to compare overall survival (OS) and treatment costs between patients receiving SCRT and LCRT across all ages and sub-group analysis within the subgroup of cases aged 65 and older from 2016 onwards, a period when intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) was widely adopted. RESULTS: A total of 1,598 patients were included. Median OS since the first day of radiation therapy was 10.4 months (95% CI [9.6; 12.8]) for SCRT (n = 197) versus 16.2 months (95% CI [15.5; 16.9]) for LCRT (n = 1401) respectively. Subgroup analysis using stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (S-IPTW) showed indicating non-inferiority in elderly patients in median OS for elderly patients (≥ 65) with 10.6 months (95% CI [8.9; 14.0]) for SCRT (n = 147) versus 13.2 months (95% CI [8.9; 14.0]) for LCRT (n = 541). The median treatment cost of SCRT is about 6,000 USD lower, 25% less than LCRT. Compliance with the standard TMZ regimen post-radiation improved OS across all age groups. CONCLUSION: Considering comparable OS and shorter treatment duration, SCRT offers a viable, cost-effective option for elderly GBM patients. Adhering to standard TMZ also contributes to OS improvement. Further research reflecting key prognostic factors is essential to refining the role of SCRT.

Prognostic Impact of Visceral Adipose Tissue Imaging Parameters in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma after Surgical Resection.

Visceral adiposity is known to be related to poor prognosis in patients with cholangiocarcinoma; however, the prognostic significance of the qualitative features of adipose tissue in cholangiocarcinoma has yet to be well defined. This study investigated the prognostic impact of adipose tissue imaging parameters reflecting the quantity and qualitative characteristics of subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in 94 patients undergoing resection of cholangiocarcinoma. The area, mean computed tomography (CT) attenuation, and mean 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) uptake of SAT and VAT on positron emission tomography (PET)/CT for staging work-up were measured, and the relationship of these adipose tissue imaging parameters with clinicopathological factors and survival was assessed. TNM stage, histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion, and the size of cholangiocarcinoma showed positive correlations with adipose tissue imaging parameters. Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that the visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (VSR) (p = 0.024; hazard ratio, 1.718) and mean FDG uptake of VAT (p = 0.033; hazard ratio, 9.781) were significant predictors for RFS, but all of the adipose tissue imaging parameters failed to show statistical significance for predicting OS. In addition to visceral adiposity, FDG uptake of VAT might be a promising prognostic parameter for predicting RFS in patients with cholangiocarcinoma.

A contribution of metabolic engineering to addressing medical problems: Metabolic flux analysis.

Metabolic engineering has served as a systematic discipline for industrial biotechnology as it has offered systematic tools and methods for strain development and bioprocess optimization. Because these metabolic engineering tools and methods are concerned with the biological network of a cell with emphasis on metabolic network, they have also been applied to a range of medical problems where better understanding of metabolism has also been perceived to be important. Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) is a unique systematic approach initially developed in the metabolic engineering community, and has proved its usefulness and potential when addressing a range of medical problems. In this regard, this review discusses the contribution of MFA to addressing medical problems. For this, we i) provide overview of the milestones of MFA, ii) define two main branches of MFA, namely constraint-based reconstruction and analysis (COBRA) and isotope-based MFA (iMFA), and iii) present successful examples of their medical applications, including characterizing the metabolism of diseased cells and pathogens, and identifying effective drug targets. Finally, synergistic interactions between metabolic engineering and biomedical sciences are discussed with respect to MFA.

Simultaneous determination of the free and total forms of nonylphenol, nonylphenol monoethoxylate, and nonylphenol diethoxylate in human urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO), and nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO) are widely used in various daily products and have been cataloged as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Due to their high lipophilicity and low biodegradability, these compounds remain in the environment and enter the human body through the food chain. Growing concerns regarding the potential negative effects of NP, NP1EO, and NP2EO on human health have raised the need for biomonitoring to investigate human exposure to these compounds. In this study, a simultaneous analysis method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was established by controlling the background contamination of NP, NP1EO, and NP2EO, which are ubiquitous in laboratory environments. The proposed method showed proper linearity of over 0.999 and a recovery greater than 85.8% for all analytes. Accuracy and precision were verified in ranges of 92.97-116.30% and 0.65-9.29%, respectively. The detection limits for NP, NP1EO, and NP2EO were 0.0363 µg L-1, 0.0401 µg L-1, and 0.0364 µg L-1, respectively, which were suitable for determining the trace analytes in human urine. Therefore, this simple and integrated analytical method was applied to measure the free and total forms of the target analytes in 25 human urine samples collected in Korea. Overall, free NP, NP1EO, and NP2EO were detected with average contents of 3.94 ± 4.14 µg L-1, 4.63 ± 2.62 µg L-1, and 0.293 ± 0.638 µg L-1, respectively, and with total NP, NP1EO, and NP2EO contents of 6.14 ± 8.24 µg L-1, 5.99 ± 2.91 µg L-1, and 0.806 ± 1.10 µg L-1, respectively. These data showed that these compounds are prevalent in human urine, and indicate the need for further studies.

Paludibacterium denitrificans sp. nov., a Novel Denitrifying Bacterium Isolated from Activated Sludge.

A Gram-reaction-negative, facultatively aerobic, motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, and denitrifying bacterium, designated dN18-1T, was isolated from activated sludge, Republic of Korea. This bacterium was investigated via a polyphasic approach to reveal its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain dN18-1T belongs to the genus Paludibacterium and is most closely related to P. purpuratum KCTC 42852T (96.2% sequence similarity), P. yongneupense KACC 11601T (96.1%), and P. paludis BCRC 80514T (95.2%). The average nucleotide identity values and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values calculated between strain dN18-1T and the closely related strains were 72.5-73.1% and 19.0-19.6%. The genome comprises of 3,347,996 bp with a G + C content of 57.3 mol%. Strain dN18-1T possesses ubiquinone Q-8 as a predominant respiratory quinone, and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω6c/C18:1 ω7c), C16:0 and C12:0, as its major fatty acids (>5%). The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified aminophospholipids. The results of ANI calculation, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain dN18-1T from rephrase other genus Paludibacterium species with validly published names. Therefore, this isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Paludibacterium denitrificans sp. nov. (type strain dN18-1T = KACC 19537T = CGMCC 1.16961T) is proposed.

Predicting the Recurrence of Gastric Cancer Using the Textural Features of Perigastric Adipose Tissue on [18F]FDG PET/CT.

This study aimed to assess the relationship between the histopathological and textural features of perigastric adipose tissue (AT) on 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and to evaluate the prognostic significance of perigastric AT textural features in predicting recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with gastric cancer. Sixty-nine patients with gastric cancer who underwent staging [18F]FDG PET/CT and subsequent curative surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Textural features of perigastric AT were extracted from PET images. On histopathological analysis, CD4, CD8, and CD163 cell infiltration and matrix metalloproteinase-11 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in perigastric AT were graded. The degree of CD163 cell infiltration in perigastric AT was significantly correlated with the mean standardized uptake value (SUV), SUV histogram entropy, grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) energy, and GLCM entropy of perigastric AT. The degree of IL-6 expression in the perigastric AT was significantly correlated with the mean and median SUVs of perigastric AT. In multivariate survival analysis, GLCM entropy, GLCM dissimilarity, and GLCM homogeneity of perigastric AT were significant predictors of RFS. The textural features of perigastric AT on [18F]FDG PET/CT significantly correlated with inflammatory response in perigastric AT and were significant prognostic factors for predicting RFS in patients with gastric cancer.

The Effects of Antioxidants on the Changes in Volatile Compounds in Heated Welsh Onions (Allium fistulosum L.) during Storage.

Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) is usually used to enhance the flavor characteristics of various foods. Volatile compounds in Welsh onions, including sulfur-containing compounds, may vary during heat process and storage. Accordingly, the changes in the volatile compounds in Welsh onions, subjected to heat and antioxidant (ascorbic acid and glutathione) treatments during storage, are investigated in the present study. The majority of sulfur-containing compounds in Welsh onions showed significant differences between the untreated Welsh onions and heated Welsh onions. During the heating of the Welsh onions, some sulfur-containing compounds, such as 2-methylthiirane, 1-(methyldisulfanyl)prop-1-ene, 1-[[(E)-prop-1-enyl]disulfanyl]propane, 1-(propyltrisulfanyl)propane, 1-[[(E)-prop-1-enyl]trisulfanyl]propane, and (methyltetrasulfanyl)methane, showed significant differences between the untreated and heated Welsh onions (p < 0.05). In addition, partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to discriminate the heated Welsh onion samples added with different antioxidants. The heated Welsh onion samples added with ascorbic acid was mainly associated with 2-phenylacetaldehyde, acetic acid, methylsulfanylmethane, prop-2-ene-1-thiol, undecan-2-one, and (2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienal. Moreover, the key volatile compounds in the heated Welsh onion samples added with glutathione were 3-ethylthiophene, 1-(methyldisulfanyl)-1-methylsulfanylpropane, 1-methylsulfanylpentane, 2-prop-2-enylsulfanylpropane, and 1-propan-2-ylsulfanylbutane.

Prognostic significance of liver CT-attenuation and 18F-FDG uptake for predicting hepatic recurrence following curative resection of colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the predictive values of computed tomography (CT)-attenuation and fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake in the liver for the hepatic recurrence of colorectal cancer. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This study retrospectively included 257 colorectal cancer patients who underwent staging 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and were subsequently treated with curative surgical resection. Using non contrast-enhanced CT images in PET/CT, the liver-spleen ratio and liver-spleen difference of CT-attenuation and CT-attenuation of the liver were calculated. The maximum and mean 18F-FDG uptake in the liver was measured using the PET images. The relationship of these five liver parameters to recurrence-free survival (RFS), hepatic RFS, and extrahepatic RFS was assessed. RESULTS: In univariate survival analysis, the liver-spleen ratio, liver-spleen difference, and maximum 18F-FDG uptake of the liver were significant predictors of both RFS and hepatic RFS (P<0.05), whereas none of the five liver parameters were significantly associated with extrahepatic RFS (P>0.05). Patients with a low liver-spleen ratio and liver-spleen difference and a high maximum 18F-FDG uptake showed better hepatic RFS than those with a high liver-spleen ratio and liver-spleen difference and a low maximum 18F-FDG uptake. In multivariate analysis, the liver-spleen ratio, liver-spleen difference, and maximum 18F-FDG uptake of liver remained significant predictors for hepatic RFS after adjusting for age, sex, obesity, andstage (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Computed tomography-attenuation and maximum 18F-FDG uptake in the liver on 18F-FDG PET/CT were significant predictive factors for hepatic RFS in patients with colorectal cancer after curative resection.

Azelaic Acid Promotes Caenorhabditis elegans Longevity at Low Temperature Via an Increase in Fatty Acid Desaturation.

PURPOSE: Azelaic acid (AzA) is a dicarboxylic acid naturally occurring in various grains having anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation properties. Recently, AzA is shown to reduce high-fat diet-induced adiposity in animals. However, its physiological role in lipid metabolism and aging in various environmental stresses is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using C. elegans as an invertebrate animal model, we demonstrate that AzA suppresses fat accumulation with no effect on lifespan at normal temperatures. Moreover, AzA promotes lifespan at low temperatures by elevation of unsaturated long-chain fatty acids and expression of genes in fatty acid desaturation. We further find that genes encoding fatty acid desaturases such as fat-1, fat-5, fat-6, and fat-7 are crucial for the lifespan-extending effect of AzA at low temperature. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results suggest that AzA promotes adaption to low temperature in C. elegans via shifting fatty acid profile to unsaturated long-chain fatty acids.

Clinical utility of quantitative analysis of bone scintigraphy in detecting clinically active joint and high disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of quantitative parameters of bone scintigraphy in detecting clinically active joint and high disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 65 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who underwent bone scintigraphy for diagnostic work-up. Quantitative analysis of bone scintigraphy images was conducted using an in-house software, and joint uptake ratio of 28 joints was measured for the calculation of the disease activity score of 28 joints using erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR). The relationship between joint uptake ratio and clinical findings and the efficiency of joint uptake ratio in detecting clinically active joint and high disease activity were assessed. RESULTS: Clinically active joint (tender and/or swollen joints) showed significantly higher joint uptake ratio than did other non-affected joints (p < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value (NPV) of joint uptake ratio for identifying clinically active joint were 78.7%, 52.0%, 32.9%, and 89.1%, respectively, and those of the summed joint uptake ratio for detecting high disease activity were 92.9%, 66.8%, 43.3%, and 97.1%, respectively; the joint uptake ratio showed high detection ability, especially for active joints of the elbow, wrist, and metacarpo-phalangeal joint areas. The summed joint uptake ratio of 28 joints showed a significantly strong positive correlation with DAS28-ESR (p < 0.001; correlation coefficient, 0.725). CONCLUSION: Quantitative parameters of bone scintigraphy showed high sensitivity and NPV for detecting clinically active joint and high disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Protocols for orthodontic treatment of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders.

Orthodontists often have trouble treating patients who have temporomandibular joint disorders because occlusion changes depend on the position of unstable condyles. This characteristic means the patients do not have definite criteria with which to make an accurate orthodontic diagnosis, so clinicians are unable to establish a reliable treatment plan. This article reports on the treatment of a patient with skeletal Class II relationship and condylar resorption. A stabilization splint was used before any active orthodontic tooth movement to stabilize her condylar position. Although the patient exhibited dramatically increased open bite and a retruded mandibular position after splint therapy, her occlusion and facial esthetics were resolved by orthodontic camouflage treatment with appropriate orthodontic mechanics after extraction of 4 premolars.

Devosia ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from ginseng cultivation soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, ivory-coloured and rod-shaped bacterium (designated Gsoil 520T) isolated from ginseng cultivation soil was characterized by using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. Strain Gsoil 520T was observed to grow optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0 on Reasoner's 2A agar medium. The results of phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, indicated that Gsoil 520T belongs to the genus Devosia of the family Hyphomicrobiaceae and was most closely related to Devosia epidermidihirudinis E84T (98.0 %), Devosia yakushimensis Yak96BT (97.7 %), Devosia neptuniae J1T (97.7 %) and Devosia chinhatensis IPL18T (96.8 %). The complete genome of strain Gsoil 520T is a presumptive circular chromosome of 4 480 314 base pairs having G+C content of 63.7 mol%. A total of 4 354 genes, 4 303 CDS and 43 rRNA genes were assigned a putative function. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified aminolipids (AL1 and AL3). The predominant fatty acids of strain Gsoil 520T were C18 : 1ω7c 11-methyl, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c (summed feature 8) supporting the affiliation of strain Gsoil 520T to the genus Devosia. The low values of DNA-DNA hybridization distinguished strain Gsoil 520T from the recognized species of the genus Devosia. Thus, the novel isolate represents a novel species of the genus Devosia, for which the name Devosia ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain Gsoil 520T (=KACC 19440T=LMG 30329T).

Significance of CT attenuation and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake of visceral adipose tissue for predicting survival in gastric cancer patients after curative surgical resection.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of computed tomography (CT) attenuation and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) to predict peritoneal recurrence-free survival (RFS) as well as RFS and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 117 patients with AGC who underwent staging FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and subsequent curative surgical resection. CT attenuation and FDG uptake (SUV) of VAT and maximum FDG uptake of primary tumor (SUVmaxT) were measured from PET/CT images. The relationship of VAT attenuation and SUV with clinico-histopathologic factors and survival was assessed. RESULTS: There was a significant positive correlation between VAT attenuation and SUV (p < 0.001, r = 0.799). In correlation analyses, both VAT attenuation and SUV showed significant positive correlations with T stage, TNM stage, tumor size, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.05), and patients who experienced recurrence during the first 3-year after surgery had significantly higher VAT attenuation and SUV than those who had no recurrence (p < 0.05). Patients with high VAT attenuation and SUV showed significantly worse RFS, peritoneal RFS, and OS than those with low values (p < 0.05). On multivariate survival analysis, VAT attenuation was significantly associated with peritoneal RFS and OS and VAT SUV was significantly associated with OS (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CT attenuation and FDG uptake of VAT on staging FDG PET/CT were correlated with tumor characteristics and were significant predictive factors for peritoneal RFS and OS in patients with AGC.

Air-quality implications of widespread adoption of cool roofs on ozone and particulate matter in southern California.

The installation of roofing materials with increased solar reflectance (i.e., "cool roofs") can mitigate the urban heat island effect and reduce energy use. In addition, meteorological changes, along with the possibility of enhanced UV reflection from these surfaces, can have complex impacts on ozone and PM2.5 concentrations. We aim to evaluate the air-quality impacts of widespread cool-roof installations prescribed by California's Title 24 building energy efficiency standards within the heavily populated and polluted South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB). Development of a comprehensive rooftop area database and evaluation of spectral reflectance measurements of roofing materials allows us to project potential future changes in solar and UV reflectance for simulations using the Weather Research Forecast and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models. 2012 meteorological simulations indicate a decrease in daily maximum temperatures, daily maximum boundary layer heights, and ventilation coefficients throughout the SoCAB upon widespread installation of cool roofs. CMAQ simulations show significant increases in PM2.5 concentrations and policy-relevant design values. Changes in 8-h ozone concentrations depend on the potential change in UV reflectance, ranging from a decrease in population-weighted concentrations when UV reflectance remains unchanged to an increase when changes in UV reflectance are at an upper bound. However, 8-h policy-relevant ozone design values increase in all cases. Although the other benefits of cool roofs could outweigh small air-quality penalties, UV reflectance standards for cool roofing materials could mitigate these negative consequences. Results of this study motivate the careful consideration of future rooftop and pavement solar reflectance modification policies.

Discrimination of Cultivated Regions of Soybeans (Glycine max) Based on Multivariate Data Analysis of Volatile Metabolite Profiles.

Soybean (Glycine max) is a major crop cultivated in various regions and consumed globally. The formation of volatile compounds in soybeans is influenced by the cultivar as well as environmental factors, such as the climate and soil in the cultivation areas. This study used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) to analyze the volatile compounds of soybeans cultivated in Korea, China, and North America. The multivariate data analysis of partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were then applied to GC-MS data sets. The soybeans could be clearly discriminated according to their geographical origins on the PLS-DA score plot. In particular, 25 volatile compounds, including terpenes (limonene, myrcene), esters (ethyl hexanoate, butyl butanoate, butyl prop-2-enoate, butyl acetate, butyl propanoate), aldehydes (nonanal, heptanal, (E)-hex-2-enal, (E)-hept-2-enal, acetaldehyde) were main contributors to the discrimination of soybeans cultivated in China from those cultivated in other regions in the PLS-DA score plot. On the other hand, 15 volatile compounds, such as 2-ethylhexan-1-ol, 2,5-dimethylhexan-2-ol, octanal, and heptanal, were related to Korean soybeans located on the negative PLS 2 axis, whereas 12 volatile compounds, such as oct-1-en-3-ol, heptan-4-ol, butyl butanoate, and butyl acetate, were responsible for North American soybeans. However, the multivariate statistical analysis (PLS-DA) was not able to clearly distinguish soybeans cultivated in Korea, except for those from the Gyeonggi and Kyeongsangbuk provinces.

Effects of pH and Cultivation Time on the Formation of Styrene and Volatile Compounds by Penicillium expansum.

Styrene can be formed by the microbial metabolism of bacteria and fungi. In our previous study, styrene was determined as a spoilage marker of Fuji apples decayed by Penicillium expansum, which is responsible for postharvest diseases. In the present study, P. expansum was cultivated in potato dextrose broth added with phenylalanine-which is a precursor of styrene-using different initial pH values and cultivation times. Volatile compounds were extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with stir-bar sorptive extraction. The 76 detected volatile compounds included 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 3-methyl butanal, oct-1-en-3-ol, geosmin, nonanal, hexanal, and γ-decalactone. In particular, the formation of 10 volatile compounds derived from phenylalanine (including styrene and 2-phenylethanol) showed different patterns according to pH and the cultivation time. Partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) plots indicated that the volatile compounds were affected more by pH than by the cultivation time. These results indicated that an acidic pH enhances the formation of styrene and that pH could be a critical factor in the production of styrene by P. expansum. This is the first study to analyze volatile compounds produced by P. expansum according to pH and cultivation time and to determine their effects on the formation of styrene.

Comparison of Volatile and Nonvolatile Compounds in Rice Fermented by Different Lactic Acid Bacteria.

The production of rice-based beverages fermented by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can increase the consumption of rice in the form of a dairy replacement. This study investigated volatile and nonvolatile components in rice fermented by 12 different LABs. Volatile compounds of fermented rice samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with solid-phase microextraction (SPME), while nonvolatile compounds were determined using gas chromatography-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) after derivatization. The 47 identified volatile compounds included acids, aldehydes, esters, furan derivatives, ketones, alcohols, benzene and benzene derivatives, hydrocarbons, and terpenes, while the 37 identified nonvolatile components included amino acids, organic acids, and carbohydrates. The profiles of volatile and nonvolatile components generally differed significantly between obligatorily homofermentative/facultatively heterofermentative LAB and obligatorily heterofermentative LAB. The rice sample fermented by Lactobacillus sakei (RTCL16) was clearly differentiated from the other samples on principal component analysis (PCA) plots. The results of PCA revealed that the rice samples fermented by LABs could be distinguished according to microbial strains.

Orthodontic Treatment Protocols for Patients with Idiopathic Condylar Resorption.

Treatment of orthodontic patients with idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) is challenging for clinicians due to the continuous change of occlusion caused by the unstable condylar position and symptoms in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). As an unstable condylar position can lead to confusion during orthodontic evaluation, stabilization of TMJ with splint therapy should precede orthodontic and/or orthognathic treatment. In this case report, a patient with Class II open bite and progressive condylar resorption was treated with an appropriate treatment protocol. Her condylar position was stabilized with a stabilization splint and her occlusion and facial esthetics were improved with intrusion of her maxillary posterior teeth after extraction of four premolars. Her occlusion was stable without recurrence of joint symptoms 2 years after active treatment.

Bioformation of Volatile and Nonvolatile Metabolites by Saccharomycopsis fibuligera KJJ81 Cultivated under Different Conditions-Carbon Sources and Cultivation Times.

Saccharomycopsis fibuligera KJJ81 isolated from nuruk is an amylolytic yeast that is widely used as a microbial starter in various fermented foods. Volatile and nonvolatile metabolites of S. fibuligera KJJ81 were investigated according to different carbon sources and cultivation times using a nontargeted metabolomic approach. Partial-least-squares discriminant analysis was applied to determine the major metabolites, which were found to be closely related to the clustering and discrimination of S. fibuligera KJJ81 samples. Some volatile metabolites derived from phenylalanine, such as 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, and ethyl phenylacetate, were predominantly found in cultivation medium containing glucose (YPD medium). In addition, the level of 2-phenylethanol increased continuously with the cultivation time. In terms of nonvolatile metabolites, carbohydrates (mannose, arabitol, and mannitol), fatty acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid), organic acids (oxalic acid and succinic acid), and amino acids (isoleucine, serine, alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, phenylalanine, and threonine) were the main contributors to S. fibuligera KJJ81 samples cultivated in YPD medium according to cultivation time. These results show that the formation of volatile and nonvolatile metabolites of S. fibuligera KJJ81 can be significantly affected by both the carbon sources and the cultivation time.

The role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake of bone marrow on PET/CT in predicting clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the relationship between bone marrow (BM) FDG uptake on PET/CT and serum inflammatory markers and to evaluate the prognostic value of BM FDG uptake for predicting clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS: One hundred and six NSCLC patients who underwent FDG PET/CT for staging work-up and received chemoradiotherapy were enrolled. Mean BM FDG uptake (BM SUV) and BM-to-liver uptake ratio (BLR) were measured, along with volumetric parameters of PET/CT. The relationship of BM SUV and BLR with hematologic parameters and serum inflammatory markers was evaluated. Prognostic values of BM SUV and BLR for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed. RESULTS: BM SUV and BLR were significantly correlated with white blood cell count and C-reactive protein level. On univariate analysis, BLR was a significant prognostic factor for both PFS and OS. On multivariate analysis, TNM stage and BLR were independent prognostic factors for PFS, and only TNM stage was an independent prognostic factor for OS. CONCLUSIONS: In NSCLC patients, FDG uptake of BM reflects the systemic inflammatory response and can be used as a biomarker to identify patients with poor prognosis. KEY POINTS: • Bone marrow FDG uptake is correlated with serum inflammatory markers. • Bone marrow FDG uptake is an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival. • Bone marrow FDG uptake can provide information on predicting lung cancer progression.