Enhancing high-quality fat survival: A novel strategy using cell-free fat extract.

High-quality fat (HQF) improves the survival rate of fat and volumetric filling compared to traditional Coleman fat. However, this HQF strategy inevitably leads to a significant amount of unused fat being wasted. "CEFFE" (cell-free fat extract) is an acellular aqueous-phase liquid, rich in bioactive proteins. The remaining fat from preparing HQF can be further processed into CEFFE to promote the survival of HQF. HQF was obtained and the remaining fat was processed into CEFFE, then HQF was transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice. Animal studies showed that CEFFE significantly improved the survival rate of HQF. Histological analysis revealed that CEFFE improved the survival rate of HQF, by enhancing cell proliferation activity, reducing apoptosis, increasing angiogenesis, and improving the inflammatory state. Under simulated anaerobic conditions, CEFFE also improved the viability of HQF. In vitro, studies demonstrated that CEFFE enhanced the survival rate of HQF through multiple mechanisms. Transcriptomic analysis and qPCR showed that CEFFE increased the expression of angiogenesis-related genes in ADSCs while enhancing their proliferation-related gene expression and suppressing the expression of three differentiation-related genes. Moreover, functional experiments demonstrated that CEFFE-induced ADSCs exhibited stronger proliferation and adipogenic differentiation abilities. Tube formation and migration assays revealed that CEFFE promoted tube formation and migration of HUVECs, indicating its inherent pro-angiogenic properties. CEFFE facilitated the development of M0 to M2 macrophages, suggesting its role in improving the inflammatory state. This innovative clinical strategy optimizes HQF transplantation strategy, minimizing fat wastage and enhancing the efficiency of fat utilization.

The efficiency of human fat products in wound healing: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Wound development and healing involve intricate genetic and molecular processes, posing significant clinical management challenges. The objective of this study was to assess commonly used fat extracts' efficacy and safety (autologous fat, stromal vascular fraction and adipose-derived stem cells) in wound healing, particularly for refractory wounds, with the goal of providing evidence in clinical use. After a systematic review, 21 randomised controlled trials were included in our study. Based on the classification of human fat products, our meta-analysis revealed that the use of human fat products could speed healing rate, shorten healing time and achieve more complete healing, with statistically significant differences in outcome indicators when compared to conventional treatments. The analysis of histological findings across various studies indicated that fat extracts can promote epithelialization, collagen deposition and vascularization, thereby facilitating tissue regeneration and reducing inflammatory reactions. There were potential benefits to reducing patient pain levels after using adipose extracts. Furthermore, we analysed and summarised adverse events indicating the safe and effective clinical use of human fat products in wound treatment. Our research findings supported the efficiency of human fat products and demonstrated a high degree of safety in the clinical practice of wound management.

Efficacy and Safety of Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses: A Meta-Analysis Update of Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND: Actinic keratoses (AKs) are common and some may evolve into squamous cell carcinoma. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), imiquimod, cryotherapy, and other methods have been reported to have good effects. However, which treatment is the most effective with the best cosmetic results and fewest complications is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate which method has the best efficacy and cosmetic results with less adverse events and recurrence rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All relevant articles up to July 31, 2022 were searched from Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed databases. Extract and analyze the data of efficacy, cosmetic results, local reactions, and adverse effects. RESULTS: Twenty-nine articles with 3,,850 participants and 24,747 lesions were included. Quality of evidence was generally high. The efficacy of PDT was better in complete response (CR) (lesions CR; risk ratio (RR) 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55-1.87/patient CR; RR 3.07; 95% CI 2.07-4.56), overall preference, and cosmetic results. The time cumulative meta-analysis showed that the curative effect was gradually increasing before 2004, and then gradually stabilizing. Two groups showed no statistically significant differences in recurrence. CONCLUSION: Compared with other methods, PDT is significantly more effective for AK with excellent cosmetic results and reversible adverse effects.

Hemangioma Endothelial Cells and Hemangioma Stem Cells in Infantile Hemangioma.

BACKGROUND: Hemangioma is one of the most common benign tumors in infants and young children. The 2 most important cells in the course of infantile hemangioma (IH) are hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs) and hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs). Infantile hemangioma is characterized by massive proliferation of HemECs, but current studies indicate that HemSCs play an important role in pathogenesis of IH. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to identify molecules that influence HemSC differentiation and HemEC proliferation and apoptosis to help clarify the pathogenesis of IH and provide novel drug targets for the treatment of IH. METHODS: Relevant basic science studies related to IH were identified by searching Google Scholar, Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, and peer-reviewed journal articles. RESULT: Hemangioma stem cells can differentiate into HemECs, pericytes, and adipocytes. In the proliferating phase of IH, HemSCs mainly differentiate into HemECs and pericytes to promote angiogenesis. In the regressive phase, they mainly differentiate into adipocytes. Therefore, increasing the proportion of HemSCs differentiating into adipocytes, inhibiting the proliferation of HemECs, and promoting the apoptosis of HemECs can facilitate the regression of IH.

A case of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome dominated by facial basal cell carcinoma. / é¢éƒ¨åŸºåº•ç»†èƒžç™Œä¸ºä¸»çš„ç—£æ ·åŸºåº•ç»†èƒžç™Œç»¼åˆå¾1例.

Nevus-like basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by the occurrence of multiple maxillofacial keratocysts, basal cell carcinoma, child medulloblastoma, and various skeletal and soft tissue dysplasia. In 2020, a patient with NBCCS dominated by facial basal cell carcinoma was admitted to Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The patient was an elderly woman. Ten years ago, the systemic mass appeared, especially on the face, but it was not treated. Later, these masses gradually increased in volume and number, and showed invasive properties. The nasal mass was broken and suppurated, seriously affecting the patient's life quality. The patient came to the hospital to improve the symptoms. Staphylococcus aureus and Providencia rettgeri were cultured in the patient's nasal secretions. Nasal sinus enhanced MRI showed that the subcutaneous soft tissue of the right cheek and the anterolateral mucosa of the left nasal cavity were invaded, indicating multiple malignant skin lesions. After admission, local anesthesia was performed and some masses were removed. Pathological examination of the mass showed basal cell carcinoma. After general anesthesia, multiple masses were resected. The postoperative pathological examination showed that multiple basal cell carcinoma invaded the deep dermis near subcutaneous fat layer. Combined with the results of clinical and immunohistochemical examination, the patient was diagnosed as NBCCS. There were no clear tumor thrombus in the vessel and no nerve invasion. No recurrence or new tumor was found after 1 year follow-up. The incidence rate of NBCCS is low and clinical symptoms are different. The patient's life quality is poor and the patient needs long-term individualized treatment.

Application of septal extension grafts with auricular cartilage in rhinoplasty. / 耳廓软骨鼻中隔延伸支架移植物在鼻整形术中的应用.

OBJECTIVES: Rhinoplasty is one of the most common cosmetic surgeries in China. Septal extension grafts (SEG) have been widely used in rhinoplasty, but there are few reports on SEG derived from ear cartilage. This study aims to explore the effectiveness and stability of auricular cartilage nasal SEG transplantation in Chinese rhinoplasty. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 35 rhinoplasty patients admitted from September 2019 to March 2022 has been conducted. Among them, 29 patients underwent rhinoplasty for the first time and 6 patients underwent rhinoplasty with the age of 18-32 (average 22.4) years old. The postoperative follow-up was 3-28 (average 18.5) months. The improvement of the nose shape was observed. The changes of the nose tip angle, nasolabial angle, and nasofrontal angle were compared between before and after the operation, and the complications were recorded. RESULTS: All patients who underwent rhinoplasty with a septal extension grafts constructed from the concha cavity and concha cartilage showed significant improvement in nasal contour. The preoperative nasal tip angle, nasolabial angle, and nasofrontal angle were significantly improved compared with 3 months after operation (all P<0.001), and there was no significant difference between 3 months and 14 months after operation (all P>0.05). The appearance of nasal cavity was satisfactory in 32 patients after operation. Columella deviation occurred in 2 patients and 1 patient complained of downward rotation of the nasal tip, which was satisfied after readjustment of the graft. CONCLUSIONS: The simplified SEG derived from auricular cartilage can provide stable support for the nasal tip, the nasal shape is natural after operation, and minimal trauma of unilateral auricle cartilage transplantation remains.

A Novel Fat Making Strategy With Adipose-Derived Progenitor Cell-Enriched Fat Improves Fat Graft Survival.

BACKGROUND: A low survival rate is one of the main challenges in fat grafting. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate whether microfat obtained by a novel strategy promoted the survival and retention of fat grafts. METHODS: A 5-mm-diameter blunt tip cannula with large side holes (~30 mm2/hole) was used to obtain macrofat. A novel strategy based on a newly invented extracorporeal cutting device was then used to cut the macrofat into microfat, which was named adipose-derived progenitor cell enrichment fat (AER fat); Coleman fat was used as the control. Aliquots (0.5 mL) of both types of fat were transplanted into 10 nude mice and analyzed 10 weeks later. Western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence were performed to assess the AER fat characteristics and underlying mechanisms. RESULTS: The retention rate of fat grafts in AER fat-treated animals was significantly higher than that in the Coleman group (mean [standard deviation] 54.6% [13%] vs 34.8% [9%]; P < 0.05) after 10 weeks. AER fat contained more dipeptidyl peptidase-4-expressing progenitor cells (3.3 [0.61] × 103 vs 2.0 [0.46] × 103 cells/mL; P < 0.05), adipose-derived plastic-adherent cells (6.0 [1.10] × 104 vs 2.6 [0.17] × 104 cells/mL; P < 0.001), and viable adipocytes than Coleman fat. Moreover, histologic analysis showed that AER fat grafts had better histologic structure and higher capillary density. CONCLUSIONS: AER fat transplantation is a potential strategy to improve the survival and long-term retention of fat grafts. AER fat contained more dipeptidyl peptidase-4-expressing progenitor cells.

[Nucleosides-based identification model for Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus].

A high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) method was established for the fast,and precise determination of ten nucleosides in Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and its counterfeits. Then multivariate statistical analyses,such as clustering analysis,principal component analysis( PCA),and Fisher' s linear discriminant analysis( LDA),were conducted to establish a discriminant function model for an integrated analysis. The results indicated that data acquisition time of a single sample was shortened within 16 min by the HPLC method. In the range of 5-1 000 mg·kg~(-1),the mass concentrations of all nucleosides exhibited good linear relationships with the corresponding peak areas( R2> 0. 999). The spiked recoveries were in the range of 93. 83%-108. 9% with RSDs of0. 12%-1. 3%( n = 5). The limit of quantitation( LOQ) was 0. 98-4. 13 mg·kg~(-1). As revealed by the clustering analysis,Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and the counterfeits could be discriminated into two clusters based on the content of nucleosides. Fisher's LDA could achieve this discrimination,while PCA dimension reduction failed. The accuracy of the discriminant function model established on the screened characteristic indicators reached 97. 5%. The present study proposed a new identification method of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus with one-dimensional indicators,which is simple,accurate,and reliable. It can provide a scientific basis for further optimizing the identification techniques for Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and inspiration for quality control strategy development of Chinese medicinal materials.

Effectiveness and Safety of Ethanol for the Treatment of Venous Malformations: A Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Venous malformations (VM) are common vascular malformations. Percutaneous injection of sclerosants into the lesion has become mainstream therapy. The most commonly used sclerosants are ethanol, polidocanol, bleomycin, and the like. But few articles have reported that sclerosants are more effective and safer. METHODS: We performed a search on Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CBM, and Wan Fang databases of Controlled Trials (from January 1, 2010, launch up to April 10, 2019) reporting outcome of intralesional ethanol, polidocanol, and bleomycin injections in patients with VM (n ≥ 20). A meta-analysis was conducted using Rev-man 5.3 software. RESULTS: A total of 9 articles, 632 participants and 676 lesions were included. Quality of evidence was generally low. Meta-analysis showed that absolute ethanol treatment was better than polidocanol in treating VM (p = .001), and absolute ethanol elicited a better response than bleomycin (p = .01). Ethanol therapeutic effect was not statistically significant compared with ethanol alone (p = .07), but the combination effect was better than polidocanol (p = .04). Ethanol treatment showed significantly more adverse reactions than polidocanol and combination therapy. CONCLUSION: Absolute ethanol combined with polidocanol is more effective in treating VM and has fewer adverse reactions.

Efficacy and safety of adrenergic beta-antagonist combined with lasers in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas: a meta-analysis.

To investigate the efficacy and safety of combined therapy with adrenergic beta-antagonist and lasers in infantile hemangiomas (IH). A search of Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, Wanfang Date, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and CBM (China Biology Medicine) databases was conducted to identify studies that examined response to combined therapy with adrenergic beta-antagonist and laser in IH patients. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in random-effects or fixed-effects models were calculated with Review Manger 5.3. Efficacy of combined therapy with oral propranolol and lasers was significantly better than that of propranolol (OR 5.79, 95% CI 2.52-13.31, P < 0.00001) or lasers (OR 5.09, 95% CI 3.04-8.54, P < 0.00001) alone. Combined therapy with topical timolol and lasers was more effective than topical timolol (OR 3.71, 95% CI 2.46-5.59, P < 0.00001) or lasers (OR 10.92, 95% CI 1.90-62.70, P = 0.007) alone. We did not observe statistically significant differences of adverse reactions between combined therapy with oral propranolol and lasers and propranolol (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.64-1.84, P = 0.75) or lasers (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.28-2.50, P = 0.74). The incidence of adverse reactions in combined therapy with topical timolol and lasers and monotherapy with topical timolol therapy (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.14-1.80, P = 0.75) or lasers (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.06-1.55, P = 0.15) has no significant difference. The average treatment duration of combined therapy may be shorter than that of monotherapy. Combination therapy of adrenergic beta-antagonist and lasers on IH is significantly more effective than monotherapy, while the safety of combination therapy was not significantly higher than that of monotherapy.

Clinical application of the 6th autogenous costal cartilage in the treatment of severe saddle nose deformity after trauma. / 第6自体肋软骨在外伤后重度鞍鼻畸形修复中的临床应用.

OBJECTIVES: Saddle nose deformity is a common clinical nose deformity. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the 6th autogenous costal cartilage in the treatment of severe saddle nose deformity after trauma. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 15 patients with severe post-traumatic saddle nose deformity from March, 2016 to March, 2019. The nasal tip and dorsum were reconstructed with autogenous costal cartilage. All patients were followed up for 6 to 13 months and changes in nasal appearance were evaluated. The changes in dorsum sag, nasolabial angle, nasal dorsal angle, and dorsum length were measured. RESULTS: Fourteen patients were basically satisfied with post-operative outcome. Only one patient developed infection afterwards, which was improved by the revised rhinoplasty 2 months after active treatment. The immediate nasal dorsal depression [(1.19±0.94) mm] and nasolabial angle [(94.06±1.52)°] after operation decreased compared with those before surgery [(8.28±0.24) mm, (109.42±2.78)°, respectively; all P<0.05]. The immediate nasal dorsal length [(44.18±1.02) mm] and nasal dorsal angle [(132.84±2.33)°] increased compared with those before operation [(31.73±1.86) mm, (122.87±2.42)°, respectively; all P<0.05]. The data at follow-ups showed no statistical difference compared with the immediate data after operation. CONCLUSIONS: Rhinoplasty with the 6th autogenous costal cartilage is an effective method for the correction of severe saddle nose deformity after trauma.

Promoter methylation as biomarkers for diagnosis of melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Melanoma is one of the most common skin cancer that is characterized by rapid growth, early metastasis, high malignant, and mortality. Accumulating evidence demonstrated that promoter methylation of tumor-suppressor genes is implicated in the pathogenesis of melanoma. In the current study, we performed a meta-analysis to identify promising methylation biomarkers in the diagnosis of melanoma. We carried out a systematic literature search using Pubmed, Embase, and ISI web knowledge database and found that gene promoter methylation of 50 genes was reported to be associated with the risk of melanoma. Meta-analysis revealed that hypermethylation of claudin 11 (CLDN11; odds ratio [OR], 16.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.97-143.29; p = 0.010), O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT; OR, 5.59; 95% CI, 2.51-12.47; p < 0.0001), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16; OR, 6.57; 95% CI, 2.19-19.75; p = 0.0008), retinoic acid receptor ß (RAR-ß2; OR, 24.31; 95% CI, 4.58-129.01; p = 0.0002), and Ras association domain family member (RASSF1A; OR, 9.35; 95% CI, 4.73-18.45; p < 0.00001) was significantly higher in melanoma patients compared with controls. CLDN11 (OR, 14.52; 95% CI, 1.84-114.55; p = 0.01), MGMT (OR, 8.08; 95% CI, 1.84-35.46; p = 0.006), p16 (OR, 9.44; 95% CI, 2.68-33.29; p = 0.0005), and RASSF1A (OR, 7.72; 95% CI, 1.05-56.50; p = 0.04) hypermethylation was significantly increased in primary melanoma compared with controls. Methylation frequency of CLDN11 (OR, 25.56; 95% CI, 2.32-281.66; p = 0.008), MGMT (OR, 4.64; 95% CI, 1.98-10.90; p = 0.0004), p16 (OR, 4.31; 95% CI, 1.33-13.96; p = 0.01), and RASSF1A (OR, 10.10; 95% CI, 2.87-35.54; p = 0.0003) was significantly higher in metastasis melanoma compared with controls. These findings indicated that CLDN11, MGMT, p16, RAR-ß2, and RASSF1A hypermethylation is a risk factor and a potential biomarker for melanoma. CLDN11, MGMT, p16, and RASSF1A promoter methylation may take part in the development of melanoma and become useful biomarkers in the early diagnosis of the disease.

[Effect of progesterone on the pathogenesis and development of hemangioma in nude mice].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of progesterone in the pathogenesis and development of hemangioma in nude mice.
 Methods: The hemangioma model was established. Progesterone was injected intramuscularly at different doses (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/d) for one week. Camellia oil (0.4 mL/d) was injected intramuscularly as control. The size of hemangioma was observed dynamically. The subcutaneous implants were harvested on the 14th and 28th days. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the tumor tissues were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and microvessel density (MVD) was counted under the microscope.
 Results: On the 14th day, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) was higher, the volume of tumors (All P<0.01) and MVD (All P<0.01) were greater in the high-dose progesterone group than those in the control and low-dose progesterone group. On the 28th day, there was no significant difference in the volume of tumors among 4 groups (P>0.05). The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (P<0.01) was lower, and MVD (All P<0.05) were less in the middle-dose and high-dose progesterone group than those in the control and low-dose progesterone group.
 Conclusion: Progesterone promotes angiogenesis via upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression, promotion of hemangiomas proliferation, suggesting that excessive progesterone supplementation may be one of the initial factors for early hemangioma formation.

[Usage and efficacy of timolol maleate eye drops in treatment of superficial infantile hemangioma].

OBJECTIVE: To determine drug dose and usage of timolol maleate eye drops in the treatment of superficial infantile hemangioma.
 Methods: A total of 250 superficial hemangioma infants were recruited and assigned into 5 groups (n=50 for each group): an external application group and 4 exterior coating groups (2, 4, 6, 8 times per day). We evaluated the therapeutic effect of different methods for drug application (external application or exterior coating) and the frequency for drug administration on superficial infantile hemangioma.
 Results: The external application group (twice a day and 0.5 hour per time) showed better effect than that in the exterior coating group with twice a day (P<0.001). The difference in therapeutic effect between the exterior coating group with 6 times a day and exterior coating group with twice a day or with 3 times a day was significant (P<0.001). The differences in drug efficacy were not found among the exterior coating group with 6 times a day, the exterior coating group with 8 times a day, or the external application group with twice a day (All P>0.05).
 Conclusion: Drug dose may affect the therapeutic effect of timolol maleate eye drops in superficial hemangioma infants, and exterior coating with 6 times a day may achieve the best curative effect.

[Survey on changes in the proportion for facial aesthetics].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the proportion for facial aesthetics that may be recognized by the potential group who will do plastic surgery in the future. 
 Methods: We measured the celebrity photos, who were born before 1980 recognizable by the people over 40 years old or by high school students. The proportions for facial aesthetics recognizable by these two generations were obtained and compared. 
 Results: Compared the new generation of male celebrities with the older generation of male celebrities, the difference was statistically significant by the independent samples t test (t=-2.502, P<0.05), while other ratios were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Compared the new generation of female celebrities with the older generation of female celebrities, the difference was statistically significant by the independent samples t test. The ratios between inter-canthic diameter and eyeslit breadth, mouth breadth and eyeslit breadth, stirnhohe and 1/3 of the physiognomic facial height, nasal height and 1/3 of the physiognomic facial height were significantly different (P<0.05), while other ratios were not significantly different (P>0.05).
 Conclusion: The young new generation loves more larger eyeslit breadth for men, while a larger eyeslit breadth, smaller bizygomatic breadth and sharper chin for women.

Customized Titanium Mesh for Repairing Cranial Defects: A Method With Comprehensive Evaluation.

Titanium cranioplasty is one of the well-established and widely used techniques for repairing cranial defects. In this paper, we present an improved way to design and create titanium meshes with more evaluation process. Computed tomography scan data of patients were used to create three-dimensional virtual models. Implants were designed with NX ImageWare 13.2 (Siemens PLM Software, Plano, TX). Final titanium meshes were assessed by Geomagic Studio 12 (Geomagic, Inc., Morrisville, NC) and NX ImageWare 13.2.Titanium meshes were designed and applied to cranioplasty surgery on 8 patients. Postoperative results were evaluated by computed tomography scanning and further analyzed with rainbow difference tomography. All patients were satisfied with the outcome. With this method, surgeons, engineers, and patients work together to evaluate and edit implant design. Our method provides better communication and comprehensive evaluation, which result in a satisfying outcome.

[Endovascular treatment for venous malformations with three-point anhydrous ethanol injection].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the safe method with anhydrous ethanol injection in the treatment of venous malformation.
 METHODS: A total of 96 patients with venous malformation were conducted anhydrous ethanol injection for 245 times through percutaneous puncture by three-point method. The complications were observed. In animal experiment, according to the different concentrations of anhydrous ethanol injection, rats were divided into an anhydrous ethanol group, a 75% ethanol group, a 50% ethanol group and a 25% ethanol group (n=5 in each group), and the damage of vessels after ethanol injection was observed.
 RESULTS: The successful rate for three-point ethanol injection was 88%. The incidence for both skin ulcer and numbness was 0.9% without severe complications in lung and heart. In the animal experiments, the entire vessel wall including outer membrane was damaged in the anhydrous ethanol group. Part of vessel walls, including the inner membrane and muscle layer, were damaged in both the 75% ethanol group and the 50% ethanol group. However, there was no damage in the vessels in the 25% ethanol group.
 CONCLUSION: With the decrease in ethanol concentration, the vascular damage is decreased and eventually disappeared. Three-point anhydrous ethanol injection is safe and effective.

Peripheral Blood CD8+T Cell as a Prognostic Biomarker for Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients Without Antiviral Treatment.

Background: The status of T lymphocyte subset counts in patients with COVID-19 remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess alterations in peripheral blood CD3+CD8+T (CD8+T) cells among hospitalized COVID-19 patients who have not received antiviral treatment and to evaluate their prognostic value within this patient population. Methods: A single-center, retrospective cohort study and a meta-analysis were conducted. The cohort study was performed at Xiangya Hospital from December 5, 2022, to January 31, 2023. We conducted a meta-analysis to explore the association between peripheral blood CD3+CD8+T cells and mortality in COVID-19 patients who did not receive antiviral therapy. All relevant studies in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science databases were systematically searched for meta-analysis. Results: The retrospective cohort study included 201 patients. A significant decrease in peripheral blood CD8+ T cell count was found to be associated with an increased risk of mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 13.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.15-61.23), after adjusting for gender, age, comorbidities, severity at admission, steroid therapy, and antibiotic therapy. The threshold value for CD8+T cell counts, determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, was 145.5 (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.828, specificity: 90.3%, sensitivity: 72.9%, P<0.001). Additionally, A total of 7 studies with 2765 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis reveals a significant association between lower CD8+ T cell counts and mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 3.543, 95% CI: 1.726 to 7.272; I2=93%). Conclusion: Peripheral blood CD8+ T cell can serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker for hospitalized patients who do not receive antiviral treatment.

Association of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists with risk of cancers-evidence from a drug target Mendelian randomization and clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists have been approved by Food and Drug Administration for management of obesity. However, the causal relationship of GLP1R agonists (GLP1RA) with cancers still unclear. METHODS: The available cis-eQTLs for drugs target genes (GLP1R) were used as proxies for exposure to GLP1RA. Mendelian randomizations (MR) were performed to reveal the association of genetically-proxied GLP1RA with 14 common types cancer from large-scale consortia. Type 2 diabetes was used as positive control, and the GWASs data including 80 154 cases and 853 816 controls. Replicating the findings in the FinnGen study and then pooled with meta-analysis. Finally, all the related randomized controlled trails (RCTs) on GLP1RA were systematically searched from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to comprehensively synthesize the evidence to validate any possible association with cancers. RESULT: A total of 22 significant cis-eQTL single-nucleotide polymorphisms were included as genetic instrument. The association of genetically-proxied GLP1RA with significantly decreased type 2 diabetes risk [OR (95%)=0.82 (0.79-0.86), P <0.001], which ensuring the effectiveness of identified genetic instruments. The authors found favorable evidence to support the association of GLP1RA with reduced breast cancer and basal cell carcinoma risk [0.92 (0.88-0.96), P <0.001, 0.92 (0.85-0.99), P =0.029, respectively], and with increased colorectal cancer risk [1.12 (1.07-1.18), P <0.001]. In addition, there was no suggestive evidence to support the association of GLP1RA with ovarian cancer [0.99 (0.90-1.09), P =0.827], lung cancer [1.01 (0.93-1.10), P =0760], and thyroid cancer [0.83 (0.63-1.10), P =0.187]. Our findings were consistent with the meta-analysis. Finally, 80 RCTs were included in the systematic review, with a low incidence of different kinds of cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that GLP1RA may decrease the risk of breast cancer and basal cell carcinoma, but increase the risk of colorectal cancer. However, according to the systematic review of RCTs, the incidence of cancer in patients treated with GLP1RA is low. Larger sample sizes of RCTs with long-term follow-up are necessary to establish the incidence of cancers and evaluate the risk-benefit ratios.

Validating Operating Stability and Biocompatibility Toward Safer Zinc-Based Batteries.

Wearable and implantable electronics are standing at the frontiers of science and technology, driven by the increasing demands from modernized lifestyles. Zinc-based batteries (ZBs) are regarded as ideal energy suppliers for these biocompatible electronics, but the corresponding biocompatibility validation is still in the initial stage. Meanwhile, complicated working conditions and some extreme electrolyte environments raise strict challenges, leaving less choices for safe ZBs. Toward higher operating stability and biocompatibility, this work proposes a hydrogel electrolyte featuring the moisture maintaining ability and a robust interface, which could further provide a milder environment for Zn-MnO2 batteries and Zn-air batteries. The cytotoxicity and tissue injury of batteries are evaluated with human cell lines and battery implantations on the animal models, which demonstrate the high biocompatibility of ZBs, while preliminary wearable devices implementation further verifies their operating stability. This work may provide a pathway for developing and validating biocompatible ZBs, contributing to their future practical employment in relevant fields.