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1.
Heliyon ; 6(11): e05425, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33210006

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are a public health concern worldwide, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Depression is a frequent comorbidity in coronary heart disease (CHD). It can be caused by the experience of suffering from heart disease, but it can also influence the prognosis of the CHD. The prevalence of depression in patients with cardiovascular disease is twice as high as that in the general population. AIM: Assess the influence of depression in the prognosis at 5 years in patients with CHD. METHODS: 145 patients diagnosed with CHD were recruited between September 2013 and June 2015. Depression was assessed based on the PHQ-9 results at the time of hospitalization and 3 months after discharged. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected. A 5-year follow-up was carried out to verify death, reinfarction or any adverse outcome. RESULTS: 20% of the study population had depression at hospital admission compared with 11% at 3 months. Depression at 3 months after discharged was a differentiating factor to present complications (42.6 months, CI 95% 27.3-57.9) compared with patients without depression (55 months, CI 95%, 50.9-59.1) (Log-Rank p = 0.034). In the unadjusted model, the risk of heart complications increased with patients that have comorbidities, such as diabetes (HR 2.78, 95% CI 1.21-6.3) or hypothyroidism (HR 2.5 95% CI 1.09-5.7). Also, patients with post-hospitalization depression at 3 months were 3 times (95% CI 1.023-8.8) more likely to have complications during the follow-up period than nondepressed patients. After risk factor adjustment, the HR for depression was 2.01 (95% CI 0.57-6.9). FINDINGS: Patients with depression at 3 months following the coronary event, presented complications sooner than those without depression.

2.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 70(6): 456-466, nov.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-709216

RESUMO

Introducción. La detección temprana del autismo es una variable determinante de un mejor pronóstico. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo del proceso de detección y diagnóstico de 42 niños con trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) por medio de una entrevista semiestructurada y a través de la revisión de historias clínicas. Resultados. Se encontró que los padres son las personas que inicialmente sospechan la presencia de algún trastorno, alrededor de un año diez meses de edad. Los signos de alarma más frecuentes son los comportamientos ausentes, la falta de lenguaje y el retraso motor. Para la detección y diagnóstico participan, en promedio, cinco profesionales. El neurólogo infantil y el psicólogo fueron quienes más diagnósticos de TEA realizaron, entre los tres y los cinco años de edad. Se recibieron diagnósticos de discapacidad intelectual, trastornos de déficit de atención e hiperactividad y retraso en el desarrollo. Conclusiones. Se resalta la importancia de formar y capacitar profesionales de la salud, para lograr que la detección e intervención de los TEA sea cada vez más oportuna.


Background. Early detection of autism is a decisive variable for a better prognosis. Methods. A study was conducted describing the process of detection and diagnosis of 42 children with autism spectrum disorders [ASD]. Results. Parents are those who initially suspect the presence of a disorder at about the age of 22 months. The most common warning signs include behavior described as appearing absent, lack of language, and motor delays. Five different health care professionals are involved in the detection process. The pediatric neurologist and psychologist are the professionals who most frequently diagnosed ASD between 3 and 5 years of age. Diagnoses given to the families include intellectual disability, attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, and developmental delay. Conclusions. The results of the study show the importance of training healthcare professionals, leading to the early detection and intervention of ASD.

3.
Univ. psychol ; 11(2): 395-404, jun.-dic. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-669309

RESUMO

El objetivo de este estudio fue la identificación del perfil cognitivo de los estudiantes universitarios con dependencia emocional. Ésta se plantea como un patrón orientado al otro como fuente de satisfacción y seguridad personal, donde el perfil cognitivo les llevaría a interpretar los hechos de manera diferente, basándose en cubrir sus necesidades emocionales insatisfechas. Se tomó una muestra aleatoria estratificada de 569 estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados arrojaron un modelo que explica el 89.3 % de la variabilidad, con alta capacidad predictiva (sensibilidad 91.4 %, especificidad 97.7 %), conformado por el esquema de desconfianza/abuso, creencias centrales del trastorno de la personalidad paranoide y dependiente, distorsión cognitiva de falacia de cambio y estrategia hipodesarrollada de afrontamiento de autonomía.


The objective of this study was to identify the cognitive profile of university students with emotional dependency. This is considered as a pattern oriented to another person as a source of satisfaction and personal safety, where the cognitive profile will make them to interpret the facts in a different way in order to cover their unsatisfied emotional needs. We use a random sample of 569 university students. The results showed a characteristic profile which explains 89.3% of the variability and a high predictive model capacity (sensitivity 91.4% and specificity 97.7%), formed by the schema of mistrust/abuse, the cores beliefs of paranoid and dependent personality disorders, fallacy of change as cognitive distortion and underdeveloped autonomy as a coping skill.

4.
Psicol. Caribe ; (26): 86-102, dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-635802

RESUMO

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar los niveles de ira, y sus componentes, entre un grupo de personas con Cardiopatía Isquémica y un grupo control sin esta enfermedad. Participaron 90 pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica de la Clínica Cardiovascular en Medellín y 78 controles sin la enfermedad. A cada uno de los participantes de les administró la prueba del STAXI- 2. Los resultados muestran que, comparado con los controles, los pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica tuvieron niveles significativamente más altos de ira como rasgo (p < 0.01), específicamente en la subescala reacción de ira (p < 0.05), y expresión interna de ira (p < 0.05). Los pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica experimentan más frecuentemente sentimientos de ira (ira rasgo), aparentemente debido a que son más sensibles a las críticas de los demás (reacción de ira), pero tienden a suprimir la expresión de esta emoción (expresión de ira interna). Estos datos confirman la necesidad de implementar programas dirigidos al manejo adecuado de la ira en estos pacientes y entender mejor las implicaciones que pueda tener la ira en la progresión de su enfermedad.


Objective: To compare levels of anger, and its components, between a group of Colombians individuals with coronary heart disease and a healthy control group. Measures: Each participant was administered the STAXI-2. Results: Compared to controls, patients with coronary artery disease had significantly higher Trait Anger (p < 0.01), specifically the Angry Reaction sub-scale (p < 0.05), and Anger Expression-In (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with coronary artery disease experience more frequent feelings of anger (trait anger), apparently because they are more sensitive to criticism (angry reaction), but they tend to suppress the expression of their anger (anger expression -in). These results confirm the need for implementing anger management programs with these patients and gain a better understanding of how anger/hostility might influence the progression of their disease.

5.
Acta colomb. psicol ; 12(2): 77-83, jun. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-635225

RESUMO

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los esquemas desadaptativos tempranos presentes en estudiantes universitarios con dependencia emocional hacia su pareja. Se tomó una muestra aleatoria estratificada de 569 universitarios (32.16% hombres y 67.84% mujeres, con edad media de 19.9 años de edad (DT= 2.43), a quienes se les aplicó el Cuestionario de Dependencia Emocional y el Cuestionario de Esquemas (YSQ-11f). El análisis de regresión logística arrojó un modelo conformado por esquemas desadaptativos tempranos (EDT) de desconfianza/abuso e insuficiente autocontrol. Los esquemas encontrados explican la vulnerabilidad cognitiva de la dependencia emocional, evidenciando creencias sobre impredecibilidad de la satisfacción de necesidades afectivas y la necesidad de evitar el malestar, a expensas de la realización personal.


The objective of this study was to identify the early maladaptative thought schemas in university students with emotional dependence toward their affective partners. A random stratified sample of 569 university students was taken (32,16% males and 67,84% females, average age 19,9 years (E.D. 2,43), to whom the Emotional Dependence Questionaire (CDE) and the Early Maladaptative Schemas Questionaire (YSQ 11F) were administered. The logistic regression analysis showed a model formed by early maladaptive thought schemata of mistrust/abuse and insufficient self-control/self discipline. The schemas found explained the cognitive vulnerability of emotional dependency, evidencing beliefs about the unpredictability of satisfaction of affective needs as well as the tendency to avoid discomfort at the expense of personal fulfillment.


O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os esquemas adaptativos temporãos presentes em estudantes universitários com dependência emocional de seu (sua) namorado(a). Utilizou-se uma amostra aleatória estratificada de 569 estudantes universitários (32,16% do sexo masculino e 67,84% do sexo feminino, com média de 19,9 anos (DP = 2,43). Se lhes aplicou o Questionário de dependência emocional e o Questionário de Esquemas (YSQ-11f.). A análise de regressão logística gerou um modelo conformado por esquemas desadaptativos (EDT) de desconfiança/abuso e controle insuficiente, que explicam a vulnerabilidade cognitiva da dependência emocional e evidenciam crenças acerca da imprevisibilidade da satisfação de necessidades afetivas e a necessidade de evitar o mal-estar, em detrimento da realização pessoal.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Estudantes , Análise de Vulnerabilidade
6.
Acta colomb. psicol ; 9(2): 127-140, jul.-dic. 2006. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-635157

RESUMO

El propósito de esta investigación fue construir y validar un instrumento para evaluar Dependencia emocional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 815 participantes del Área Metropolitana de Medellín Colombia, 506 (62.1%) mujeres y 309 (37.9%) hombres, con edades entre los 16 y los 55 años. De los 66 ítems iniciales que contenía la prueba, fueron excluidos a través del análisis factorial 43 de ellos por no cumplir con los criterios para la selección. El cuestionario final quedó conformado por 23 ítems y seis factores. El Alfa de Cronbach de la escala total fue de 0,927, con una explicación de la varianza del 64.7%. Factor 1: Ansiedad de separación (7 ítems, α = 0.87), Factor 2: Expresión afectiva de la pareja (4 ítems, α = 0.84) , Factor 3: Modificación de planes (4 ítems, α = 0.75), Factor 4: Miedo a la soledad (3 ítems, α = 0.8), Factor 5: Expresión límite (3 ítems, α = 0.62) y Factor 6: Búsqueda de atención (2 ítems, α = 0.7.8). Se encontraron diferencias significativas con relación al sexo en las diferentes subescalas; las puntuaciones de las mujeres en Expresión afectiva de la pareja y Miedo a la soledad fueron mayores, mientras que los hombres reportaron puntuaciones superiores en Búsqueda de atención. Con relación a la edad se encontró que las subescalas Modificación de planes y Expresión límite puntuaban más alto en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes.


The purpose of this research project was to construct and validate an instrument to assess Emotional Dependency. The population sample was taken from the Metropolitan Area of Medellín (Colombia) and consisted of 815 participants, of which 506 (62.1%) were women and 309 (37.9%) were men, between the ages of 16 and 55 years old. The original questionnaire contained 66 items, and by means of a factor analysis test,43 of them were excluded for not complying with the selection criteria. Thus, the final questionnaire consisted of 23 items and six factors. The Cronbach Alpha score for the total scale was 0.927, which explained 65% of the variance, whereas for each specific factor the Alpha Scores obtained were the following: Factor 1: Separation Anxiety (7 items, α = 0.87); Factor 2: Couple’s Affective Expression (4 items, α = 0.84); Factor 3: Change of Plans (4 items, α = 0.75); Factor 4: Fear of Loneliness (3 items, α = 0.8); Factor 5: Borderline Expression (3 items, α = 0.62), and Factor 6: Attention seeking (2 items, α = 0.7.8). Significant differences related to gender were found in the different subscales. The highest scores for the female population were obtained in Factors 2 and 4, Couple’s Affective Expression and Fear of Loneliness, whereas men reported higher scores in Factor 6: Attention Seeking. With respect to age, it was found that the highest scores corresponded to the subscales Change of Plans and Borderline Expression in the Adolescent and Young Adult Population.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Emoções , Estudos de Validação como Assunto
7.
Pensam. psicol ; 4(10): 137-147, ene.-jun. 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-511379

RESUMO

El concepto psicosomático trae consigo una pesada carga semántica que tienesus raíces en el dualismo filosófico, acentuado en la propuesta cartesiana, que hapermeado la racionalidad moderna y con ella la concepción de la enfermedad,tanto en el campo de la medicina como de la psicología. En esta revisión teórica seexpone una breve discusión en torno al concepto “psicosomático”, esbozando lasprincipales perspectivas en el abordaje de la relación mente-cuerpo. Se concluyecomo necesaria la revisión de las posiciones dualistas y la incorporación deuna nueva mirada de las nociones de salud y enfermedad, a partir de la cual elconcepto psicosomático se hace redundante.


The concept psychosomatic brings with it a heavy semantic burden that hasits roots in the philosophical dualism, accentuated in the Cartesian proposal,which has spread through modern rationality and with it the conception of thedisease, in the medical field as well as in psychology. The following articleprovides a brief discussion of this concept, outlining the main perspectivesin addressing the mind-body connection. In conclusion, it is necessary toreview dualistic positions and the addition of a new view of notions abouthealth and illness, from which psychosomatic concept becomes redundant.


O conceito psicossomático traz consigo uma pesada carga semântica que temas suas raízes no dualismo filosófico, acentuada na proposta cartesiana, que seespalhou através da racionalidade moderna e com ela a concepção da doença, nocampo médico, assim como em psicologia. O artigo a seguir apresenta uma brevediscussão sobre este conceito, expondo as principais perspectivas para abordara conexão mente-corpo. Em conclusão, é necessário rever posições e dualista daadição de uma nova perspectiva de noções sobre saúde e doença, a partir do qualo conceito psicossomático torna-se redundante.


Assuntos
Transtornos Psicofisiológicos , Medicina Psicossomática
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