RESUMO
Surveillance of amantadine and oseltamivir resistance among influenza viruses was begun in Hong Kong in 2006. In 2008, while both A/Brisbane/59/2007-like and A/Hong Kong/2652/2006-like viruses (H1N1) were cocirculating, we detected amantadine and oseltamivir resistance among A/Hong Kong/2652/2006-like viruses (H1N1), caused by genetic reassortment or spontaneous mutation.
Assuntos
Amantadina/farmacologia , Antivirais/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Viral/genética , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/efeitos dos fármacos , Influenza Humana/virologia , Oseltamivir/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Glicoproteínas de Hemaglutininação de Vírus da Influenza/genética , Hong Kong , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/classificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/genética , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Vigilância da População , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
BACKGROUND: We conducted molecular analyses to confirm four clustering HIV-1 infections (Patient A, B, C & D) in Guangzhou, China. These cases were identified by epidemiological investigation and suspected to acquire the infection through a common heterosexual transmission chain. METHODS: Env C2V3V4 region, gag p17/p24 junction and partial pol gene of HIV-1 genome from serum specimens of these infected cases were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nucleotide sequenced. RESULTS: Phylogenetic analyses indicated that their viral nucleotide sequences were significantly clustered together (bootstrap value is 99%, 98% and 100% in env, gag and pol tree respectively). Evolutionary distance analysis indicated that their genetic diversities of env, gag and pol genes were significantly lower than non-clustered controls, as measured by unpaired t-test (env gene comparison: p < 0.005; gag gene comparison: p < 0.005; pol gene comparison: p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: Epidemiological results and molecular analyses consistently illustrated these four cases represented a transmission chain which dispersed in the locality through heterosexual contact involving commercial sex worker.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , HIV-1/classificação , HIV-1/genética , China/epidemiologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Feminino , Genótipo , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Heterossexualidade , Humanos , Masculino , Epidemiologia Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , RNA Viral/sangue , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência , Produtos do Gene env do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/genética , Produtos do Gene gag do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/genética , Produtos do Gene pol do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/genéticaAssuntos
Amantadina/uso terapêutico , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/efeitos dos fármacos , Influenza Humana/tratamento farmacológico , Oseltamivir/uso terapêutico , Amantadina/farmacologia , Antivirais/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Viral Múltipla , Hong Kong/epidemiologia , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/genética , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Oseltamivir/farmacologiaRESUMO
We conducted a molecular epidemiological study on newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients in Hong Kong to identify the epidemiological linkage of HIV-1 infection in the locality. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for HIV-1 was performed on newly diagnosed HIV-1-positive sera collected from January 2002 to December 2006. PCR products correspond to the env C2V3V4 region and gag p17/p24 junction of the HIV-1 genome were nucleotide sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses performed on the acquired nucleotide sequences revealed that CRF01_AE and subtype B were the two dominant HIV-1 subtypes. Analyses also demonstrated the presence of three emerging HIV-1 clusters among the subtype B sequences in Hong Kong. Individual cluster possesses a unique cluster-specific amino acid signature for identification. Data show that one of the clusters (Cluster I) is rapidly expanding. In addition to the unique cluster-specific amino acid signature, the majority of sequences in Cluster I harbor a 6-amino acid insertion at the gag p17/p24 junction in a region that is thought to be closely associated with HIV-1 infectivity.