Decitabine cytotoxicity is promoted by dCMP deaminase DCTD and mitigated by SUMO-dependent E3 ligase TOPORS.

The nucleoside analogue decitabine (or 5-aza-dC) is used to treat several haematological cancers. Upon its triphosphorylation and incorporation into DNA, 5-aza-dC induces covalent DNA methyltransferase 1 DNA-protein crosslinks (DNMT1-DPCs), leading to DNA hypomethylation. However, 5-aza-dC's clinical outcomes vary, and relapse is common. Using genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 screens, we map factors determining 5-aza-dC sensitivity. Unexpectedly, we find that loss of the dCMP deaminase DCTD causes 5-aza-dC resistance, suggesting that 5-aza-dUMP generation is cytotoxic. Combining results from a subsequent genetic screen in DCTD-deficient cells with the identification of the DNMT1-DPC-proximal proteome, we uncover the ubiquitin and SUMO1 E3 ligase, TOPORS, as a new DPC repair factor. TOPORS is recruited to SUMOylated DNMT1-DPCs and promotes their degradation. Our study suggests that 5-aza-dC-induced DPCs cause cytotoxicity when DPC repair is compromised, while cytotoxicity in wild-type cells arises from perturbed nucleotide metabolism, potentially laying the foundations for future identification of predictive biomarkers for decitabine treatment.

DNA Structure-Specific Cleavage of DNA-Protein Crosslinks by the SPRTN Protease.

Repair of covalent DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) by DNA-dependent proteases has emerged as an essential genome maintenance mechanism required for cellular viability and tumor suppression. However, how proteolysis is restricted to the crosslinked protein while leaving surrounding chromatin proteins unharmed has remained unknown. Using defined DPC model substrates, we show that the DPC protease SPRTN displays strict DNA structure-specific activity. Strikingly, SPRTN cleaves DPCs at or in direct proximity to disruptions within double-stranded DNA. In contrast, proteins crosslinked to intact double- or single-stranded DNA are not cleaved by SPRTN. NMR spectroscopy data suggest that specificity is not merely affinity-driven but achieved through a flexible bipartite strategy based on two DNA binding interfaces recognizing distinct structural features. This couples DNA context to activation of the enzyme, tightly confining SPRTN's action to biologically relevant scenarios.

Selective Methane Oxidation by Heterogenized Iridium Catalysts.

Oxidative methane (CH4) carbonylation promises a direct route to the synthesis of value-added oxygenates such as acetic acid (CH3COOH). Here, we report a strategy to realize oxidative CH4 carbonylation through immobilized Ir complexes on an oxide support. Our immobilization approach not only enables direct CH4 activation but also allows for easy separation and reutilization of the catalyst. Furthermore, we show that a key step, methyl migration, that forms a C-C bond, is sensitive to the electrophilicity of carbonyl, which can be tuned by a gentle reduction to the Ir centers. While the as-prepared catalyst that mainly featured Ir(IV) preferred CH3COOH production, a reduced catalyst featuring predominantly Ir(III) led to a significant increase of CH3OH production at the expense of the reduced yield of CH3COOH.

Selective Formation of Acetic Acid and Methanol by Direct Methane Oxidation Using Rhodium Single-Atom Catalysts.

Atomically dispersed catalysts such as single-atom catalysts have been shown to be effective in selectively oxidizing methane, promising a direct synthetic route to value-added oxygenates such as acetic acid or methanol. However, an important challenge of this approach has been that the loading of active sites by single-atom catalysts is low, leading to a low overall yield of the products. Here, we report an approach that can address this issue. It utilizes a metal-organic framework built with porphyrin as the linker, which provides high concentrations of binding sites to support atomically dispersed rhodium. It is shown that up to 5 wt% rhodium loading can be achieved with excellent dispersity. When used for acetic acid synthesis by methane oxidation, a new benchmark performance of 23.62 mmol·gcat-1·h-1 was measured. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibits a unique sensitivity to light, producing acetic acid (under illumination, up to 66.4% selectivity) or methanol (in the dark, up to 65.0% selectivity) under otherwise identical reaction conditions.

Intratumoral calcification: not only a diagnostic but also a prognostic indicator in oligodendrogliomas.

OBJECTIVE: Calcification is a hallmark characteristic of oligodendroglioma (ODG) that may be used as a diagnostic factor, but its prognostic implications remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the features of calcified ODGs and to evaluate the differences in survival between patients with calcified and noncalcified ODGs. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 305 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with IDH-mutant, 1p/19q codeleted ODG at our institution from July 2009 to August 2020. Patients with intratumoral calcification were identified. The clinical, radiologic, and molecular features of the patients in the calcified group and noncalcified group were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors. RESULTS: Of the 305 patients, 112 (36.7%) were confirmed to have intratumoral calcification. Compared to ODGs without calcification, ODGs with calcifications had a larger tumor diameter; lower degree of resection; higher tumor grade; higher MGMT methylation level; higher Ki-67 index; and higher rates of midline crossing, enhancement, cyst, and 1q/19p copolysomy, and patients with calcification were more likely to receive chemoradiotherapy. ODGs with T2 hypointense calcification had a higher Hounsfield unit (HU) value on CT scans, and a lower degree of resection. Patients with T2 hypointense calcification ODGs had a shorter survival than those with non-hypointense calcification ODGs. ODGs with calcification and cysts showed a higher Ki-67 index, tumor grade, and enhanced rate, and the patients had an unfavorable overall survival (OS). Calcification was found to be a negative prognostic factor for both progression-free survival (PFS) and OS by univariate analysis, which was confirmed by the Cox proportional hazard model. CONCLUSIONS: Calcification is a useful negative prognostic factor for PFS and OS in patients with ODGs and could therefore be helpful in guiding personalized treatment and predicting patient prognosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Calcification can serve as an independent prognostic factor for patients with oligodendroglioma and shows a vital role in guiding individualized treatment. KEY POINTS: • Intratumoral calcification is an independent negative prognostic risk factor for progression-free survival and overall survival in oligodendroglioma patients. • Calcifications in oligodendroglioma can be divided into hypointense and non-hypointense subtypes based on T2-weighted imaging, and patients with T2-hypointense calcification oligodendrogliomas have worse prognosis. • Calcification concurrent with cysts indicates a more aggressive phenotype of oligodendrogliomas and a significantly reduced survival rate.

Dysregulated lipid metabolism in TMZ-resistant glioblastoma: pathways, proteins, metabolites and therapeutic opportunities.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and lethal brain tumor with limited treatment options, such as the chemotherapeutic agent, temozolomide (TMZ). However, many GBM tumors develop resistance to TMZ, which is a major obstacle to effective therapy. Recently, dysregulated lipid metabolism has emerged as an important factor contributing to TMZ resistance in GBM. The dysregulation of lipid metabolism is a hallmark of cancer and alterations in lipid metabolism have been linked to multiple aspects of tumor biology, including proliferation, migration, and resistance to therapy. In this review, we aimed to summarize current knowledge on lipid metabolism in TMZ-resistant GBM, including key metabolites and proteins involved in lipid synthesis, uptake, and utilization, and recent advances in the application of metabolomics to study lipid metabolism in GBM. We also discussed the potential of lipid metabolism as a target for novel therapeutic interventions. Finally, we highlighted the challenges and opportunities associated with developing these interventions for clinical use, and the need for further research to fully understand the role of lipid metabolism in TMZ resistance in GBM. Our review suggests that targeting dysregulated lipid metabolism may be a promising approach to overcome TMZ resistance and improve outcomes in patients with GBM.

A ubiquitin switch controls autocatalytic inactivation of the DNA-protein crosslink repair protease SPRTN.

Repair of covalent DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) by the metalloprotease SPRTN prevents genome instability, premature aging and carcinogenesis. SPRTN is specifically activated by DNA structures containing single- and double-stranded features, but degrades the protein components of DPCs promiscuously and independent of amino acid sequence. This lack of specificity is useful to target diverse protein adducts, however, it requires tight control in return, in order to prohibit uncontrolled proteolysis of chromatin proteins. Here, we discover the components and principles of a ubiquitin switch, which negatively regulates SPRTN. We demonstrate that monoubiquitylation is induced in an E3 ligase-independent manner and, in contrast to previous assumptions, does not control chromatin access of the enzyme. Data obtained in cells and in vitro reveal that monoubiquitylation induces inactivation of the enzyme by triggering autocatalytic cleavage in trans while also priming SPRTN for proteasomal degradation in cis. Finally, we show that the deubiquitylating enzyme USP7 antagonizes this negative control of SPRTN in the presence of DPCs.

Decision-making tree for surgical treatment in meningioma: a geriatric cohort study.

Controversies persist regarding the benefits of surgery in elderly patients with meningiomas. The objective of this study was to develop decision-making scale to clarify the necessity for surgical intervention and provide clinical consultation for this special population. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single center and included 478 elderly patients (≥ 65 years) who underwent meningioma resection. Follow-up was recorded to determine recurrence and mortality rates. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify significantly preoperative factors, and prognostic prediction models were developed with determined cutoff values for the prognostic index (PI). Model discrimination was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves based on the PI stratification, which categorized patients into low- and high-risk groups. A decision-making tree was then established based on the risk stratification from both models. Among all patients analyzed (n = 478), 62 (13.0%) experience recurrence and 47 (10.0%) died during the follow-up period. Significantly preoperative parameters from both models included advanced age, aCCI, recurrent tumor, motor cortex involvement, male sex, peritumoral edema, and tumor located in skull base (all P < 0.05). According to the classification of PI from the two models, the decision-making tree provided four recommendations that can be used for clinical consultation. Surgery is not recommended for patients assigned to the high-risk group in both models. Patients who meet the low-risk criteria in any model may undergo surgical intervention, but the final decision should depend on the surgeon's expertise.

Methane Carboxylation Using Electrochemically Activated Carbon Dioxide.

Direct synthesis of CH3 COOH from CH4 and CO2 is an appealing approach for the utilization of two potent greenhouse gases that are notoriously difficult to activate. In this Communication, we report an integrated route to enable this reaction. Recognizing the thermodynamic stability of CO2 , our strategy sought to first activate CO2 to produce CO (through electrochemical CO2 reduction) and O2 (through water oxidation), followed by oxidative CH4 carbonylation catalyzed by Rh single atom catalysts supported on zeolite. The net result was CH4 carboxylation with 100 % atom economy. CH3 COOH was obtained at a high selectivity (>80 %) and good yield (ca. 3.2 mmol g-1 cat in 3 h). Isotope labelling experiments confirmed that CH3 COOH is produced through the coupling of CH4 and CO2 . This work represents the first successful integration of CO/O2 production with oxidative carbonylation reaction. The result is expected to inspire more carboxylation reactions utilizing preactivated CO2 that take advantage of both products from the reduction and oxidation processes, thus achieving high atom efficiency in the synthesis.

Probing individual-level structural atrophy in frontal glioma patients.

Although every glioma patient varies in tumor size, location, histological grade and molecular biomarkers, non-tumoral morphological abnormalities are commonly detected by a statistical comparison among patient groups, missing the information of individual morphological alterations. In this study, we introduced an individual-level structural abnormality detection method for glioma patients and proposed several abnormality indexes to depict individual atrophy patterns. Forty-five patients with a glioma in the frontal lobe and fifty-one age-matched healthy controls participated in the study. Individual structural abnormality maps (SAM) were generated using patients' preoperative T1 images, by calculating the degree of deviation of voxel volume in each patient with the normative model built from healthy controls. Based on SAM, a series of individual abnormality indexes were computed, and their relationship with glioma characteristics was explored. The results demonstrated that glioma patients showed unique non-tumoral atrophy patterns with overlapping atrophy regions mainly located at hippocampus, parahippocampus, amygdala, insula, middle temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus, which are closely related to the human cognitive functions. The abnormality indexes were associated with several molecular biomarkers including isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, 1p/19q co-deletion and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation. Our study provides an effective way to access the individual-level non-tumoral structural abnormalities in glioma patients, which has the potential to significantly improve individualized precision medicine.

Pure and non-pure meningioangiomatosis of 36 Chinese patients: an analysis of clinical presentation, diagnosis, histopathology and prognosis.

Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is a disease that is extremely rarely reported. Sporadic MA is occasionally combined with meningioma or other lesions (identified as non-pure MA). This retrospective study investigated the difference between pure MA and non-pure MA by exploring clinical manifestations, histopathology characteristics, and outcomes of MA after surgery. We reviewed the medical records of 36 histopathologically confirmed MA patients (18 pure MA and 18 non-pure MA) who received surgery at our institution between 2012 and 2021. We compared differences in demographic, clinical, imaging, pathological features, and surgical outcomes between pure MA and non-pure MA through descriptive statistics. Compared to non-pure MA, pure MA presented with a more prominent male predilection (5:1 vs. 1.57:1, P = 0.264), a higher seizure incidence (83.3% vs 50.0%, P = 0.038), a more seizure type of GTCS (14/15 vs 5/9, P = 0.047), a less prominent enhancement on MRI (27.8% vs 88.9%, P < 0.001) and a preference of temporal and frontal lobe (100% vs 44.4%, P < 0.001). The differences in clinical characteristics between pure MA and non-pure MA demonstrate their disparate biological natures. Pure MA seems to be a non-neoplastic lesion, while non-pure MA is commonly combined with meningioma, which is a neoplastic lesion. A correct differential diagnosis can be achieved via a triad of the type of seizure, the location of lesion and the radiological presentation. MA is curable and the prognosis is excellent as most patients are free of seizure and recurrence after surgical treatment.

Enabling Lithium Metal Anode in Nonflammable Phosphate Electrolyte with Electrochemically Induced Chemical Reactions.

Lithium metal anode holds great promises for next-generation battery technologies but is notoriously difficult to work with. The key to solving this challenge is believed to lie in the ability of forming stable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers. To further address potential safety issues, it is critical to achieve this goal in nonflammable electrolytes. Building upon previous successes in forming stable SEI in conventional carbonate-based electrolytes, here we report that reversible Li stripping/plating could be realized in triethyl phosphate (TEP), a known flame retardant. The critical enabling factor of our approach was the introduction of oxygen, which upon electrochemical reduction induces the initial decomposition of TEP and produces Li3 PO4 and poly-phosphates. Importantly, the reaction was self-limiting, and the resulting material regulated Li plating by limiting dendrite formation. In effect, we obtained a functional SEI on Li metal in a nonflammable electrolyte. When tested in a symmetric Li∥Li cell, more than 300 cycles of stripping/plating were measured at a current density of 0.5 mA cm-2 . Prototypical Li-O2 and Li-ion batteries were also fabricated and tested to further support the effectiveness of this strategy. The mechanism by which the SEI forms was studied by density functional theory (DFT), and the predictions were corroborated by the successful detection of the intermediates and products.

Phase Control in Inorganic Nanocrystals through Finely Tuned Growth at an Ultrathin Scale.

Crystalline polymorphs have been considered a prevailing phenomenon in inorganic nanocrystals and provide approaches to modulate fundamental properties and innovative advanced applications. As a basic demand for phase engineering, accessible and controllable synthetic methodologies are indispensable for acquisition of high-quality products in expected phases. Phase stability is also a non-negligible issue that determines continuous gains of functionality and long-term sustainability of characteristic features. Maintaining structural stability of metastable phases provides challenges and opportunities for investigations on fascinating properties and intriguing applications of inorganic nanocrystals. Phase engineering is of great significance to acquire metallic (1T) and semiconducting (2H) Mo- and W-based dichalcogenides for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), respectively. The catalysts in 1T phase have superior electron transfer kinetics and abundant active sites on both basal planes and edges for HER, while ones in 2H phase are preferentially deployed for CO2RR to utilize edge sites for catalysis and restrain competitive HER activity. In addition, the photocatalytic performance for HER has been enhanced by combining anatase and rutile phases because electron transfer between the two phases during photocatalysis facilitates the separation of charge carriers and thus impedes the recombination of electron-hole pairs. Although ample effort has been devoted to developing phase engineering, principle understanding at an ultrathin scale remains obscure. In this Account, we provide comprehensive insight into work from our group regarding controllable synthesis of inorganic nanocrystals with phase engineering, critical effects on phase stability, and noteworthy studies on phase-related properties and applications. For bulk materials, phase control and transition have a large energy barrier, so they can only be achieved under rigorous conditions. However, at the initial stage of synthesis, especially for nucleation, there are a small quantity of chemical bonds that contribute to regulate phase and structure with ease. In our work, we mainly modulate nucleation and growth at an ultrathin scale to demonstrate facile approaches for phase engineering. This unique perspective makes for a distinct guidance of controllable synthesis and deliberate stabilization of inorganic nanomaterials with phase engineering. We have developed a series of synthetic strategies for phase engineering to fabricate inorganic nanocrystals in a specific phase with controlled size and composition and adjustable morphologies and surface features. Four sorts of models (MoS2, ZrO2, In2O3, and TiO2) are used for demonstrating finely tuned growth at an ultrathin scale. However, phase engineering has been regarded as immature because only one phase in polymorphs is thermodynamically stable generally. Phase stability of metastable nanocrystals has attracted much interest. Our substantial investigations illustrate several crucial factors on phase stability, leading to inspiration for facilitating persistent emergence of characteristics and functionalities. By full use of the features of a specific phase, we spotlight ligand-induced surface interactions on coverage-dependent electronic structures and chemisorption effects at one-unit thickness of TiO2(B) nanomaterials with phase engineering. Meanwhile, an energy conversion system for overall water splitting (OWS) drives forward steps in function-oriented synthesis of MoS2-based nanomaterials with phase engineering. In the last section, we summarize this theme and highlight several promising directions for future development.

Multi-Color Fluorescent Carbon Dots: Graphitized sp2 Conjugated Domains and Surface State Energy Level Co-Modulate Band Gap Rather Than Size Effects.

Four types of carbon dots (CDs) with various color (blue, green, yellow, and red) emissions have been synthesized under solvent-free conditions from citric acid and different nitrogen sources (DMF, urea, ethanamide, and formamide). By detailed characterization and comparison, it is confirmed that the graphitized sp2 conjugated domain and surface functional groups such as C-O and C=N play synergetic roles in adjusting the fluorescence properties. Notably, the size effect is not the dominant mechanism to achieve multi-color fluorescence emissions in this work. The structural configuration of the carbon dots further influences the energy band structure, as demonstrated in simplified energy level diagrams. An absorption peak at approximately 560 nm appears in the visible light region for red-emitting CDs, assigned to an n→π* transition of the aromatic structure, thus introducing a new surface state energy level, resulting in a reduction in the energy of electron transition and the expansion into the visible region of the UV/Vis spectrum. Taking advantage of the diverse absorption and emission properties, different CDs/TiO2 binary composites are obtained for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes, and it is found that the absorption range in terms of visible light and the band gap of the carbon dots make a difference to the photocatalytic performance of the composites.

Tannic Acid-Induced Surface-Catalyzed Secondary Nucleation during the Amyloid Fibrillation of Hen Egg-White Lysozyme.

Amyloid fibrillation by hen egg white lysozyme under the influence of tannic acid was investigated by atomic force microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Tannic acid was found to be able to induce the formation of amyloid fibrils with an interesting mixed morphology. Such morphology features with the existence of areas of thickening alternating with areas of normal height. This novel modulation effect of tannic acid on amyloid fibrillation was interpreted by the established surface-catalyzed secondary nucleation theory. We further performed a fluorescence quenching study to investigate the intermolecular interaction between tannic acid and lysozyme. The results support that lysozyme and tannic acid interact with each other mainly through hydrophobic interactions. We also discussed why hydrogen-bonding interaction is not a dominant factor in the interaction between tannic acid and lysozyme though tannic acid contains a significant amount of hydroxyl groups. Our work provides new insight into the effect of tannic acid, a well-known amyloid inhibitor, on amyloid fibrillation.

High-Performance Rh2P Electrocatalyst for Efficient Water Splitting.

The search for active, stable, and cost-efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen production via water splitting could make a substantial impact on energy technologies that do not rely on fossil fuels. Here we report the synthesis of rhodium phosphide electrocatalyst with low metal loading in the form of nanocubes (NCs) dispersed in high-surface-area carbon (Rh2P/C) by a facile solvo-thermal approach. The Rh2P/C NCs exhibit remarkable performance for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction compared to Rh/C and Pt/C catalysts. The atomic structure of the Rh2P NCs was directly observed by annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, which revealed a phosphorus-rich outermost atomic layer. Combined experimental and computational studies suggest that surface phosphorus plays a crucial role in determining the robust catalyst properties.

miR-105/93-3p promotes chemoresistance and circulating miR-105/93-3p acts as a diagnostic biomarker for triple negative breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks both early detection biomarkers and viable targeted therapeutics. Moreover, chemotherapy only produces 20-30% pathologic complete response. Because miRNAs are frequently dysregulated in breast cancer and have broad tissue effects, individual or combinations of circulating miRNAs may serve as ideal diagnostic, predictive or prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets. Understanding the role and mechanism of dysregulated miRNAs in TNBC may help to develop novel diagnostic and prognostic strategy for TNBC patients. METHODS: The miRNA array profiles of 1299 breast cancer patients were collected from the Metabric database and subjected to analysis of the altered miRNAs between TNBC and non-TNBC. In Student's t-test and Kaplan-Meier analysis, four upregulated miRNAs correlated with poor survival in TNBC but not in non-TNBC. Four miRNAs were manipulated in multiple cell lines to investigate their functional role in carcinogenesis. From these results, we studied miR-105 and miR-93-3p in greater detail. The level of miR-105 and miR-93-3p were evaluated in 25 breast cancer tumor tissues. In addition, the diagnostic utility of circulating miR-105 and miR-93-3p were examined in 12 normal and 118 breast cancer plasma samples by ROC curve construction. RESULTS: miR-105 and miR-93-3p were upregulated and correlated with poor survival in TNBC patients. Both miR-105 and miR-93-3p were found to activate Wnt/ß-catenin signaling by downregulation of SFPR1. By this action, stemness, chemoresistance, and metastasis were promoted. Importantly, the combination of circulating miR-105/93-3p may serve as a powerful biomarker for TNBC, even in early-stage disease. CONCLUSIONS: miR-105/93-3p activates Wnt/ß-catenin signaling by downregulating SFRP1 and thereby promotes stemness, chemoresistance, and metastasis in TNBC cells. Most importantly, combined circulating miR-105/93-3p levels represent a prime candidate for development into a diagnostic biomarker for both early- and late-stage TNBC.

Fullerene-Like Nickel Oxysulfide Hollow Nanospheres as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting.

Fullerene-like nickel oxysulfide hollow nanospheres with ≈50 nm are constructed by in situ growth on the surface of nickel foam by taking advantage of solvothermal reaction. The as-prepared composite exhibits exhilaratingly high HER and OER performance in 1 m KOH, which opens up a very promising aspect for non-noble metal chalcogenides as bifunctional electrocatalysts.

Nickel Diselenide Ultrathin Nanowires Decorated with Amorphous Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Water Splitting Electrocatalysis.

Well-designed hybrid materials based on noble metal-free elements have great potential to generate hydrogen (H2 ) and oxygen (O2 ) sustainably via overall water splitting for developing practical energy-related technologies. Herein, an accessible method is presented to synthesize nickel diselenide (NiSe2 ) ultrathin nanowires decorated with amorphous nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiOx NPs) as multifunctional electrocatalysts (NSWANs) for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction (HER and OER). The NSWANs exhibit quite low HER and OER overpotentials of 174 and 295 mV, respectively, holding the current density of 20 mA cm-2 for 24 h continuous operations in alkaline media. Meanwhile, a cell voltage of 1.547 V at the current density of 10 mA cm-2 for overall water splitting has been achieved by the NSWANs for the practical application, which could maintain fascinating activity of 20 mA cm-2 for 72 h without degradation. The decorated NiOx NPs not only prevent the NiSe2 from further oxidation but also expose requisite active sites for electrocatalytic process. It is believed that this study may provide a valuable strategy to design high-efficiency electrocatalysts and expand the applications of selenide-based materials.

Electrostatic Interaction-Directed Growth of Nickel Phosphate Single-Walled Nanotubes for High Performance Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts.

A series of nickel phosphate single-walled nanotubes with controllable structure parameters are fabricated by utilizing alkali metal ions with the same charge number but different ion radii. Different electrostatic interactions between the cations and related growing intermediates are demonstrated to play a crucial role in controlling the growing process of nanotubes.