Nutrition impact symptoms: Noteworthy prognostic indicators for lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) in head and neck cancer are well-studied and are found to be heavy contributors of poor outcome. However, the prevalence and role of NIS in other cancer are less addressed. In this study, we investigated the incidence and prognostic role of NIS in patients with lung cancer. METHODS: NIS, evaluated by patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) in a multicenter real-world prospective study, included loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, mouth ulcer, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, taste change, altered smell, dysphagia, early satiety, and pain. The endpoints were the patients' overall survival (OS) and quality of life (QoL). The COX analysis was used to investigate the relationship between NIS and OS. Interaction analysis and mediation analysis were performed to determine the modifiers and mediator. RESULTS: 3634 patients with lung cancer were enrolled in this study, of which 1533 patients had NIS. During the average follow-up of 22.65 months, 1875 deaths occurred. The OS of patients with lung cancer with NIS was lower than that of patients without NIS. NIS (HR, 1.181, 95% CI, 1.073-1.748), loss of appetite (HR, 1.266, 95% CI, 1.137-1.409), vomiting (HR, 1.282, 95% CI, 1.053-1.561), and dysphagia (HR, 1.401, 95% CI, 1.079-1.819) were independent prognostic factors in patients with lung cancer. There were interactions between chemotherapy and primary tumor on NIS . In the relationship between different types of NIS (NIS, loss of appetite, vomiting, dysphagia) and prognosis, the mediating effects of inflammation accounted for 15.76%, 16.49%, 26.32%, and 18.13%, respectively. Meanwhile, these three NIS were closely associated with the occurrence of severe malnutrition and cancer cachexia. CONCLUSIONS: 42% patients with lung cancer experienced different types of NIS. NIS were independent indicators of malnutrition, cancer cachexia and shorter OS, and closely related to QoL. NIS management is of clinical significance.

[Experience of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for middle or low rectal cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic surgery for middle or low rectal cancer. METHODS: 83 patients with middle or low rectal cancer received laparoscopic surgery and 85 patients received conventional open surgery. The cutting edge of specimens and number of lymph nodes were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The mean distance between resected margin and the tumor was 3.21 +/- 1.25 cm in laparoscopic operation group, while it was 1.15 +/- 1.11 cm in the open surgery group (P = 0.001). The mean number of disected lymph nodes was 12.53 +/- 1.88 in the laparoscopic operation group and 10.85 +/- 1.81 in the open operation group (P = 0.01). The incidence of postoperative complications was 12.0% in the laparoscopic operation group and 23.5% in the open operation group (P = 0.026). The mean time of food intake and using analgesics after surgery were 2.43 +/- 1.06 days and 2.53 +/- 1.01 days, respectively, in the laparoscopic operation group, while the corresponding figures were 3.67 +/- 1.13 days and 4.55 +/- 1.78 days, respectively, in the open operation group (P = 0.005, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgery is a safe and effective procedure for middle or low rectal cancer, with less postoperative complications and better recovery after treatment.

[Association of mismatch repair gene polymorphism with susceptibility to sporadic colorectal cancer in Tianjin region].

To investigate the possible association of mismatch repair gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC), the genotypes of hMLH1 394G/C, hMSH2 943-1G/A, hMSH2 1917T/G, and hMSH2 2783C/A were detected by PCR-denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) in 600 SCRC patients and 600 healthy controls. The genotype distribution of hMSH2 2783C/A in SCRC patients (90%, 9%, and 1%) was significantly different from that in the controls (95%, 4.8%, and 0.23%; chi2 = 11.91, P < 0.01). Compared to hMSH2 2783C/C, genotypes C/A and A/A significantly increased the risk of developing SCRC (OR were 1.77 and 11.94, and the reanges of 95% CI were 1.03-3.03 and 1.38-103.2). When combined analysis of three SNPs was performed, the haplotype distribution in SCRC patients was significantly different from that in controls (chi2 = 38.38, P < 0.01). In reference to 394G/943-1G /2783C haplotype, 394G/943-1G /2783A haplotype contributed significantly to SCRC (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.40-3.40). These results indicate that hMSH2 2783C/A polymorphism has potential to be a susceptibility factor for SCRC and the 394G/943-1G /2783A haplotype might increase the risk of developing SCRC.

Identification of dihydromaltol (2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one) in Ryazhenka Kefir and comparative sensory impact assessment of related cycloenolones.

Dihydromaltol (DHM; 2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one) was identified as a novel potent aroma compound in a dairy product, Ryazhenka kefir, using GC-olfactometry-MS. The flavor impact of the structurally related caramelized-smelling compounds DHM, 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (DMHF), 5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-3(2H)-furanone (EHMF) and maltol was assessed in various dairy samples by applying the odor activity value concept (OAV = concentration/odor threshold) using flavor (retronasal odor) thresholds instead of odor thresholds. Commercial Ryazhenka kefir, original kefir, and kefir-culture inoculated heated milk, as well as UHT milk, evaporated milk, heated cream, and fresh pasteurized cream, were analyzed. In all dairy samples containing DHM, DMHF appeared to dominate over DHM in its flavor impact. Although DHM, the pyranoid isomer of DMHF, has been found in nature, dihydroethylmaltol (DHEM; 6-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one), the pyranoid isomer of EHMF (the seven carbon DMHF homologue), has not been found in nature. Therefore, DHM and its novel homologue, DHEM, were synthesized to determine their flavor thresholds and to investigate structure-odor-relationships among cycloenolones. DHEM has a strong caramelized odor. On the basis of flavor thresholds in water, DHM (50-250 microg/kg) by itself was found to be less than half as potent as DMHF but about 40 times more potent than maltol. DHEM (2.5-5 microg/kg of water) by itself was found to be more potent than DHM and close to the odor intensity of EHMF. The novel data provided on DHM and DHEM support understanding of the relationship between chemical structure and flavor intensity within the important aroma compound class, of cycloenolones.

Reversal of apoptotic resistance by Lycium barbarum glycopeptide 3 in aged T cells / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study whether Lycium barbarum glycopeptide 3 (LBGP3) affects T cell apoptosis in aged mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>LBGP3 was purified with DEAE cellulose and Sephadex columns. Apoptotic "sub-G1 peak" was detected by flow cytometry and DNA ladder was resolved by agarose gel electrophoresis. Levels of IFN-gamma and IL-10 were measured with specific kits and mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR. Apoptosis-related proteins of FLIP, FasL, and Bcl-2 were determined by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LBGP3 was purified from Fructus Lycii water extracts and identified as a 41 kD glycopeptide. Treatment with 200 microg/mL LBGP3 increased the apoptotic rate of T cells from aged mice and showed a similar DNA ladder pattern to that in young T cells. The reversal of apoptotic resistance was involved in down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and FLIP, and up-regulating the expression of FasL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lycium barbarum glycopeptide 3 reverses apoptotic resistance of aged T cells by modulating the expression of apoptosis-related molecules.</p>