Cross coupling of sulfonyl radicals with silver-based carbenes: a simple approach to ß-carbonyl arylsulfones.

A coupling reaction between sulfonyl radicals and silver-based carbenes has been well established. This simple radical-carbene coupling (RCC) process provided an efficient approach to a variety of ß-carbonyl arylsulfones from sodium arylsulfinates and diazo compounds, and was characterized by wide substrate scope, easy scale-up, simple manipulation, accessible starting materials, and mild reaction conditions.

Mn-Catalysed photoredox hydroxytrifluoromethylation of aliphatic alkenes using CF3SO2Na.

This work demonstrated the photoinduced hydroxytrifluoromethylation of aliphatic alkenes catalysed by Mn(acac)3. The synthesis uses an inexpensive catalyst under mild reaction conditions, and exhibits a wide substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance.

Visible-Light-Induced Vicinal Dichlorination of Alkenes through LMCT Excitation of CuCl2.

This work demonstrates photoredox vicinal dichlorination of alkenes, based on the homolysis of CuCl2 in response to irradiation with visible light. This catalysis proceeds via a ligand to metal charge transfer process and provides an exciting opportunity for the synthesis of 1,2-dichloride compounds using an inexpensive, low-molecular-weight chlorine source. This new process exhibits a wide substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, extraordinarily mild conditions and does not require external ligands. Mechanistic studies show that the ready formation of chlorine atom radicals is responsible for the facile formation of C-Cl bonds in this synthetic process.

Rapid Interception of Cn F2n+1 (O)SO. Radical with Copper-Based Carbene: A Novel Access to Perfluoroalkanesulfinate Ester.

In this communication, an unprecedented interception of Cn F2n+1 (O)SO. radical with a copper-based carbene has been established. Distinguished by wide substrate scopes and mild reaction conditions, this novel radical-carbene coupling reaction (RCC reaction) provides a fundamentally different and mechanistically interesting strategy for the synthesis of perfluoroalkanesulfinate esters.

Screening of reference genes for gene expression study in different tissues from the transcriptome data of the vector leafhopper Psammotettix striatus.

Selecting appropriate reference genes is crucial for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of gene expression study using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). To screen the optimal reference genes for analyzing gene expression in different tissues of the vector leafhopper Psammotettix striatus which causes extensive damage to a wide range of crops by vectoring multiple plant pathogenic microorganisms, the transcriptome data from Malpighian tubules (MTs) of P. striatus were mined. Twenty alternative candidate reference genes were initially selected for screening, among which seven genes with diverse Gene Ontology (GO) annotations were choosed as candidate reference genes, i.e., ribosomal protein L7A (RPL7A), ribosomal protein S28 (RPS28), ribosomal protein L22 (RPL22), ribosomal protein LP2 (RPLP2), H3 histone family 3A (H3F3A), elongation factor 1γ (EF-1γ), and elongation factor 1α (EF-1α). Gene expression levels in different tissues of P. striatus adults were examined using RT-qPCR, and their expression stability was analyzed using multiple reference gene screening software. This study revealed EF-1α as the most abundantly expressed gene, while RPL22 exhibited the lowest expression levels. EF-1α showed the most stable expression, whereas RPS28 showed the least stability. Various software tools confirmed EF-1α as the most stable single reference gene, and EF-1α and RPLP2 an optimal combination. This study provides a foundation for future investigation of the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms mediated by the vector leafhoppers, the function of the MTs, the biosynthesis of brochosomes, the coevolutionary processes and nutritional interactions of symbionts and host insects, and the gene expression study of other sap-sucking insects.

Reacting Molecular Oxygen with Butanone under Visible Light Irradiation: A General Aerobic Oxidation of Alkenes, Sulfides, Phosphines, and Silanes.

Here, we present a novel oxidation technique by reacting molecular oxygen with butanone under visible light irradiation. This method enables the mild oxidation of various functionalized compounds, including olefins, sulfides, phosphines, and silanes. Preliminary mechanistic experiments and theoretical calculations suggest that visible light triggers molecular oxygen to produce singlet oxygen in butanone. This singlet oxygen then reacts with butanone, producing an active oxidizing species.

[3 + 3]-Cycloaddition of α-Diazocarbonyl Compounds and N-Tosylaziridines: Synthesis of Polysubstituted 2 H-1,4-Oxazines through Synergetic Catalysis of AgOTf/Cu(OAc)2.

An impressive and new [3 + 3]-cycloaddition of α-diazocarbonyl compounds with N-tosylaziridines via synergetic catalysis of AgOTf and Cu(OAc)2 has been well described, which offers efficient access to highly substituted 2 H-1,4-oxazine derivatives. A variety of α-diazocarbonyl compounds and N-tosylaziridines were compatible substrates with convenient operations under mild reaction conditions.

Interception of Radicals by Molecular Oxygen and Diazo Compounds: Direct Synthesis of Oxalate Esters Using Visible-Light Catalysis.

The synthesis of oxalate esters through a radical process, rather than the traditional ionic reaction, has been well developed in which the radicals induced by visible light are trapped by molecular oxygen and diazo compounds under room temperature. This reaction is operationally simple, mild, and shows broad substrate scopes in α-bromo ketones and diazo compounds.

[3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Nitrile Ylides with Diazonium Salts: Copper-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Fully Substituted 1,2,4-Triazoles.

A novel [3 + 2] cycloaddition between nitrile ylides and diazonium salts was well-established. This copper-catalyzed three-component reaction was distinguished by mild conditions, ready availability, and operational simplicity, thus opening access to 1,2,4-triazoles with a diverse set of substitution patterns.