Inclusion of crude corn oil with high acidity in the feed of laying hens: analysis of egs production and quality / Inclusão de óleo de milho bruto com alta acidez na alimentação de poedeiras: análise da produção e qualidade de ovos

The objective of this study was to evaluate egg production and quality after including crude corn oil with high acidity (CCOHA) in the feed of laying hens. The design was completely randomized to three treatments and six replicates each. The sample included 90 hens of the Lohmann LSL lineage, housed in cages; each cage contained five animals and constituted an experimental unit. The evaluated feeds were corn-based feed with degummed soybean oil (CSO), corn-based feed with CCOHA (CC) and sorghum-based feed with CCOHA (SC). At the end of the 28-day cycle, the following productivity parameters were evaluated: egg weight at laying (EWL), laying percentage (LP), feed conversion per dozen eggs (FCDZ) and feed conversion per egg mass (FCEM). The evaluated internal and external quality parameters of the eggs were yolk percentage (YP), yolk index (YI), and yolk pH (YpH); albumen percentage (AP), albumen index (AI), and albumen pH (ApH); percentage shell (PS) and shell surface area (SSA); Haugh unit (HU) and egg yolk color (EYC). There were no significant differences in EW, LP, FCDZ, and FCEM between the experimental feeds. Moreover, the use of crude corn oil with high acidity in laying hens rations did not influence the parameters of YP, YI, YpH, AP, AI, ApH, PS, SSA, HU, and EYC.

Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão do óleo bruto de milho com alta acidez (OBMAA) em rações de galinhas poedeiras sobre a produção de ovos e sua qualidade interna e externa. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e seis repetições cada, com 90 galinhas da linhagem Lohmann LSL®, alojadas em número de cinco aves por gaiola, constituindo cada gaiola uma unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram: rações base milho com óleo degomado de soja (MOS), milho com OBMAA (MOM) e sorgo com OBMAA (SOM). Ao final do ciclo de 28 dias determinou-se os parâmetros de produtividade: peso dos ovos na postura (POP), porcentagem de postura (POS) e conversões alimentares por dúzia (CAD) e por massa de ovos (CAM). Em seguida foram realizadas as análises de qualidade interna e externa dos ovos: percentagem, índice e pH da gema (GE%, IGE, pHGE), percentagem, índice e pH do albúmen (AL%, IAL, pHAL), percentagem e superfície de área de casca (CAS%, SACAS), unidade Haugh (UH) e colorimetria da gema. Não houve diferença para POS e POP, CAD e CAM das rações experimentais. A utilização do óleo bruto de milho com alta acidez nas rações de galinhas poedeiras não influenciou nos parâmetros de GE%, IGE, pHGE, AL%, IAL, pHAL, CAS%, SACAS, UH e colorimetria da gema

Is the eggshell quality influenced by the egg weight or the breeder age?

For a long time, it has been said that eggshell quality decreases as eggs increase in size, but this increase is seen as the breeder age advances. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the age and egg weight effect on Cobb 500 broiler breeders on eggshell quality. The quality measures tested were eggshell and mineral matter percentage, eggshell surface, shape and eggshell index, eggshell and membrane thickness and specific gravity. Eggs from 27, 31, 36, 40, 46, 48, 53, 58 and 63 week-old breeders were classified as eggs with a constant weight ranging from 63.8 ± 0.2; and eggs with increasing weight, according to age, being: 55.8g; 60g; 62.2g; 64.2g; 65.2g, 66.6g, 68.1g, 69.9g and 72.5g, respectively. The eggs weight did not influence the eggshell percentage and the specific gravity in seven of the nine tested ages, while for mineral matter in six of the nine studied ages. The shape and shell index, shell and membrane thickness are characteristics independent of egg weight. As the Cobb 500 broiler breeder age advanced, the mineral matter concentration and specific gravity maintained constant, the membrane thickness (R2>70) reduced, and other studied variables were influenced in the same way for both treatments. Thus, the eggshell quality decrease with the advancing age cannot be attributed solely to the increase of egg weight with consequent increase in the eggshell volume and the surface, but there are also age-related factors.

Is the eggshell quality influenced by the egg weight or the breeder age?

For a long time, it has been said that eggshell quality decreases as eggs increase in size, but this increase is seen as the breeder age advances. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the age and egg weight effect on Cobb 500 broiler breeders on eggshell quality. The quality measures tested were eggshell and mineral matter percentage, eggshell surface, shape and eggshell index, eggshell and membrane thickness and specific gravity. Eggs from 27, 31, 36, 40, 46, 48, 53, 58 and 63 week-old breeders were classified as eggs with a constant weight ranging from 63.8 ± 0.2; and eggs with increasing weight, according to age, being: 55.8g; 60g; 62.2g; 64.2g; 65.2g, 66.6g, 68.1g, 69.9g and 72.5g, respectively. The eggs weight did not influence the eggshell percentage and the specific gravity in seven of the nine tested ages, while for mineral matter in six of the nine studied ages. The shape and shell index, shell and membrane thickness are characteristics independent of egg weight. As the Cobb 500 broiler breeder age advanced, the mineral matter concentration and specific gravity maintained constant, the membrane thickness (R2>70) reduced, and other studied variables were influenced in the same way for both treatments. Thus, the eggshell quality decrease with the advancing age cannot be attributed solely to the increase of egg weight with consequent increase in the eggshell volume and the surface, but there are also age-related factors.(AU)

Crude corn oil with high acidity in broiler feed / Óleo bruto de milho com alta acidez em rações para frangos de corte

This study aimed to evaluate crude corn oil with high acidity (CCOHA) as a surrogate for degummedsoybean oil (DSO) in broiler diets. The design was completely randomized, with four treatmentsand ten replicates. Each box contained 40 birds (male), totaling 1600 Cobb Slow birds. Treatmentsconsisted of two sorghum-based diets, one with DSO (SSO) another with CCOHA (SCO), and twocorn-based diets, one with DSO (CSO) another with CCOHA (CCO). At 30 days of age, a digestibilitytest was performed using total excreta collection to determine apparent metabolizable energy (AME)and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) from test rations. At 42 days of age, we evaluated live weight(LW), feed intake (FI), feed conversion (FC), carcass yield (CY), and the yields of breast with boneand skin (BWBS), skinless boneless breast (SBB), thigh (T), drumstick (D), and wing (W), as well asbreast centesimal composition. Neither corn nor sorghum-based diets with CCOHA showed differencesbetween AME and AMEn. Both DSO and CCOHA diets showed no differences in LW, FI, FC, carcassand cuts yields when using CCOHA. Regarding breast composition, no differences in dry matter and inthe levels of crude protein, fat, and mineral matter were observed. We may conclude that CCOHA hadno effect on the performance variables, carcass and cuts yields, and broiler meat quality.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão do óleo bruto de milho com alta acidez (OBMAA) em substituição ao óleodegomado de soja (ODS) em rações para frangos de corte. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado,sendo quatro tratamentos com dez repetições, cada boxe com 40 aves (machos), totalizando 1600 avesda linhagem Cobb Slow. Os tratamentos foram: ração base sorgo com ODS (SOS), ração base sorgocom OBMAA (SOM), ração base milho com ODS (MOS) e ração base milho com OBMAA (MOM).Aos 30 dias de idade foi realizado um ensaio de digestibilidade por meio de coleta total de excretas, paraa determinação dos valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) nas rações teste. Ao final dos 42 dias determinou-se o peso vivo (PV), consumo de ração (CR), conversão alimentar (CA) e rendimento de carcaça (RC), peito com osso e pele (PCOP), peito sem osso e pele (PSOP), coxa (C), sobrecoxa (SC) e asas (A) ecomposição centesimal do peito. Não houve diferença nos valores de energia metabolizável aparente(EMA) e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) das rações basemilho e base sorgo com OBMAA. O uso do OBMAA não diferiu sobre o PV, CR, CA e rendimentos decarcaça e cortes tanto nas dietas com o ODS quanto nas com OBMAA. Na composição de peito, nãohouve diferença de matéria seca e nos teores de proteína bruta, gordura e de matéria mineral. Conclui-seque o OBMAA não afetou as variáveis de desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e corte e a qualidade da carne de frangos de corte. (AU)

Crude corn oil with high acidity in broiler feed / Óleo bruto de milho com alta acidez em rações para frangos de corte

This study aimed to evaluate crude corn oil with high acidity (CCOHA) as a surrogate for degummedsoybean oil (DSO) in broiler diets. The design was completely randomized, with four treatmentsand ten replicates. Each box contained 40 birds (male), totaling 1600 Cobb Slow birds. Treatmentsconsisted of two sorghum-based diets, one with DSO (SSO) another with CCOHA (SCO), and twocorn-based diets, one with DSO (CSO) another with CCOHA (CCO). At 30 days of age, a digestibilitytest was performed using total excreta collection to determine apparent metabolizable energy (AME)and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) from test rations. At 42 days of age, we evaluated live weight(LW), feed intake (FI), feed conversion (FC), carcass yield (CY), and the yields of breast with boneand skin (BWBS), skinless boneless breast (SBB), thigh (T), drumstick (D), and wing (W), as well asbreast centesimal composition. Neither corn nor sorghum-based diets with CCOHA showed differencesbetween AME and AMEn. Both DSO and CCOHA diets showed no differences in LW, FI, FC, carcassand cuts yields when using CCOHA. Regarding breast composition, no differences in dry matter and inthe levels of crude protein, fat, and mineral matter were observed. We may conclude that CCOHA hadno effect on the performance variables, carcass and cuts yields, and broiler meat quality.

Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão do óleo bruto de milho com alta acidez (OBMAA) em substituição ao óleodegomado de soja (ODS) em rações para frangos de corte. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado,sendo quatro tratamentos com dez repetições, cada boxe com 40 aves (machos), totalizando 1600 avesda linhagem Cobb Slow. Os tratamentos foram: ração base sorgo com ODS (SOS), ração base sorgocom OBMAA (SOM), ração base milho com ODS (MOS) e ração base milho com OBMAA (MOM).Aos 30 dias de idade foi realizado um ensaio de digestibilidade por meio de coleta total de excretas, paraa determinação dos valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) nas rações teste. Ao final dos 42 dias determinou-se o peso vivo (PV), consumo de ração (CR), conversão alimentar (CA) e rendimento de carcaça (RC), peito com osso e pele (PCOP), peito sem osso e pele (PSOP), coxa (C), sobrecoxa (SC) e asas (A) ecomposição centesimal do peito. Não houve diferença nos valores de energia metabolizável aparente(EMA) e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) das rações basemilho e base sorgo com OBMAA. O uso do OBMAA não diferiu sobre o PV, CR, CA e rendimentos decarcaça e cortes tanto nas dietas com o ODS quanto nas com OBMAA. Na composição de peito, nãohouve diferença de matéria seca e nos teores de proteína bruta, gordura e de matéria mineral. Conclui-seque o OBMAA não afetou as variáveis de desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e corte e a qualidade da carne de frangos de corte.

Energetic values and performace of broilers feeding sorghum and soybean meal based diets supplemented with B-glucanase and B-xylanase / Valores energéticos e desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas a base de sorgo e farelo de soja suplementadas com B-glucanase and B-xylanase

Grains, brans, and vegetable meals may contain non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), which increases viscosity in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and interfere with the digestion and absorption of nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and determine the metabolizable energy of a sorghum-based broiler diet with and without the supplementation of an enzymatic complex. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with 1200 chickens, using sorghum-based feed with and without the addition of 50 g of enzyme-CCE complex (β-glucanase and β-xylanase), and with two levels of metabolizable energy (ME kg-1): ME; ME + CCE; reduced ME (-50 kcal kg-1); and reduced ME + CCE. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance and the means were compared using a Tukeys test at the 5% significance level. At 42 and 47 days of age, the living weight of the birds fed with the reduced ME was low, while birds fed with reduced ME + CCE had the same weight as those fed with other energy diets (ME and ME + CCE). Feed conversion was poorest at 47 days of age for the birds on reduced ME diet. In the metabolic test (with fattening diets) to determine AME and AMEn, the reduced ME diet had the lowest result, confirming the effect of the addition of enzymes. The addition of CCE to sorghum-based diets provides enough enzymatic activity to increase the metabolizable energy of the diet (50 kcal of AME) and influence the growth performance of broilers at the slaughtering age.(AU)

Grãos, farelos e farinhas de origem vegetal podem conter polissacarídeos não amiláceos (PNAs), que aumentam a viscosidade do trato grastro intestinal (TGI) e interferem na digestão e absorção de nutrientes. Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho e determinar à energia metabolizável da dieta a base de sorgo, com e sem adição do complexo enzimático (CCE), para frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 1200 frangos de corte, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, alimentados com dois níveis de Energia Metabolizável (EM kg-1), em dietas à base de sorgo com ou sem a adição de 50g de completo enzimático (β-glucanase e β-xylanase): Energia Metabolizável (EM); Energia Metabolizável com Complexo Enzimático (EM + CCE); EM reduzida (-50kcal EM kg-1) e EM reduzida + CCE. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias dos tratamentos em cada variável estudada foram comparadas entre si pelo Teste de Tukey a nível de 5% de significância. Aos 42 e 47 dias de idade o peso vivo das aves alimentadas com EM reduzida foi menor, enquanto que EM reduzida + CCE apresentou peso igual ao das dietas EM e EM + CCE. A conversão alimentar aos 47 dias de idade na dieta EM reduzida apresentou o pior resultado. No teste metabólico, com as dietas de engorda, os valores de Energia Metabolizável Aparente (EMA) e Energia Metabolizável Aparente corrigida para nitrogênio (EMAn) foram menores na dieta com EM reduzida, comprovando o efeito da adição das enzimas. Concluiu-se que a adição de complexo enzimático (β-glucanase and β-xylanase) melhora o desempenho de frangos de corte e aumenta a energia metabolizável aparente da dieta em 50 kcal.(AU)

Energetic values and performace of broilers feeding sorghum and soybean meal based diets supplemented with B-glucanase and B-xylanase / Valores energéticos e desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas a base de sorgo e farelo de soja suplementadas com B-glucanase and B-xylanase

Grains, brans, and vegetable meals may contain non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), which increases viscosity in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and interfere with the digestion and absorption of nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and determine the metabolizable energy of a sorghum-based broiler diet with and without the supplementation of an enzymatic complex. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with 1200 chickens, using sorghum-based feed with and without the addition of 50 g of enzyme-CCE complex (β-glucanase and β-xylanase), and with two levels of metabolizable energy (ME kg-1): ME; ME + CCE; reduced ME (-50 kcal kg-1); and reduced ME + CCE. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance and the means were compared using a Tukey’s test at the 5% significance level. At 42 and 47 days of age, the living weight of the birds fed with the reduced ME was low, while birds fed with reduced ME + CCE had the same weight as those fed with other energy diets (ME and ME + CCE). Feed conversion was poorest at 47 days of age for the birds on reduced ME diet. In the metabolic test (with fattening diets) to determine AME and AMEn, the reduced ME diet had the lowest result, confirming the effect of the addition of enzymes. The addition of CCE to sorghum-based diets provides enough enzymatic activity to increase the metabolizable energy of the diet (50 kcal of AME) and influence the growth performance of broilers at the slaughtering age.

Grãos, farelos e farinhas de origem vegetal podem conter polissacarídeos não amiláceos (PNAs), que aumentam a viscosidade do trato grastro intestinal (TGI) e interferem na digestão e absorção de nutrientes. Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho e determinar à energia metabolizável da dieta a base de sorgo, com e sem adição do complexo enzimático (CCE), para frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 1200 frangos de corte, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, alimentados com dois níveis de Energia Metabolizável (EM kg-1), em dietas à base de sorgo com ou sem a adição de 50g de completo enzimático (β-glucanase e β-xylanase): Energia Metabolizável (EM); Energia Metabolizável com Complexo Enzimático (EM + CCE); EM reduzida (-50kcal EM kg-1) e EM reduzida + CCE. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias dos tratamentos em cada variável estudada foram comparadas entre si pelo Teste de Tukey a nível de 5% de significância. Aos 42 e 47 dias de idade o peso vivo das aves alimentadas com EM reduzida foi menor, enquanto que EM reduzida + CCE apresentou peso igual ao das dietas EM e EM + CCE. A conversão alimentar aos 47 dias de idade na dieta EM reduzida apresentou o pior resultado. No teste metabólico, com as dietas de engorda, os valores de Energia Metabolizável Aparente (EMA) e Energia Metabolizável Aparente corrigida para nitrogênio (EMAn) foram menores na dieta com EM reduzida, comprovando o efeito da adição das enzimas. Concluiu-se que a adição de complexo enzimático (β-glucanase and β-xylanase) melhora o desempenho de frangos de corte e aumenta a energia metabolizável aparente da dieta em 50 kcal.