RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Skin cancer has a remarkable importance given the high incidence in the population. In Brazil, it is estimated that there were 98,420 new cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer among men and 83,710 new cases among women in 2014. OBJECTIVES: To verify signs and symptoms present in patients with skin neoplasms according to the literature and relate them to the nursing diagnoses of NANDA International. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Integrative literature review carried out from March to May 2015 in the databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SCOPUS, National Library of Medicine and Nattional Institutes of Health, Latin American and Caribbean Sciences of Health and Web of Science. The descriptors used were: 'Signs and Symptoms' and 'Skin Neoplasms'. Sixteen articles were identified as the final sample. After review, the signs and symptoms of skin cancer identified in the literature were related to the defining characteristics present in NANDA International, with the aim to trace possible nursing diagnoses. RESULTS: The most prevalent signs and symptoms were: asymmetric and well circumscribed nodules with irregular borders; speckles with modified color aspect; ulcerations; blisters; pain; itching; and bleeding. The principal nursing diagnoses outlined were: risk for impaired skin integrity; impaired skin integrity; acute pain; risk of shock; and impaired comfort. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of signs and symptoms present in patients with skin cancer and the relationships of these with the nursing diagnoses of NANDA International provide a basis for qualified and systematized nursing care to this clientele.
Assuntos
Diagnóstico de Enfermagem/métodos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metanálise como Assunto , Exame Físico , Prevalência , PrognósticoRESUMO
Objetivo: identificar alterações cardiovasculares e pulmonares em pacientes em hemodiálise, correlacionando-as aos aspectos socioeconômicos. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em um hospital universitário e em uma clínica de hemodiálise do Nordeste do Brasil, entre os meses de dezembro de 2012 a abril de 2013. A coleta de dados deu-se por meio da entrevista e exame físico. Para análise utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e inferencial por meio dos testes de Qui-quadrado e U de Mann-Whitney. Houve aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, com parecer nº 148.428. Resultados: as alterações cardiovasculares mais frequentes foram: edema, mudança na pressão arterial, pressão venosa central e refluxo hepatojugular positivo. As alterações pulmonares foram: congestão pulmonar e ruídos respiratórios adventícios. As variáveis dispneia e mudança do padrão respiratório apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com renda familiar. Conclusão: as alterações cardiovasculares e pulmonares são frequentes na clientela pesquisada e esses problemas podem sofrer influências de dados socioeconômicos.
Objective: to identify cardiovascular and pulmonary changes in hemodialysis patients and correlate them with socioeconomic features. Method: this cross-sectional study was conducted at a university hospital and a dialysis clinic in Northeast Brazil. Data was collected between December 2012 and April 2013 by interview and physical examination. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used. The study was approved by the research ethics committee (Opinion No. 148 428). Results: the most frequent cardiovascular changes were in edema, blood pressure, central venous pressure and positive hepatojugular reflux. Pulmonary changes were pulmonary congestion and adventitious breath sounds. The variables dyspnea and altered breathing patterns showed statistically significant associations with family income. Conclusion: cardiovascular and pulmonary changes are frequent in the study clientele and these problems may be influenced by socioeconomic particulars.
Objetivo: identificar las alteraciones cardiovasculares y pulmonares en pacientes en hemodiálisis y correlacionarlas a los aspectos socioeconómicos. Método: estudio transversal, realizado en un hospital universitario y en una clínica de hemodiálisis en el Noreste de Brasil, entre diciembre de 2012 y abril de 2013. La recolección de datos se efectuó a través de entrevistas y exámenes físicos. Para el análisis se ha utilizado la estadística descriptiva e inferencial por medio de las pruebas chi-cuadrado y U de Mann-Whitney. Este estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación, opiniónn nº148 428. Resultados: las alteracioneos cardiovasculares más frecuentes fueron: edema, cambios en la presión arterial, presión venosa central y reflujo hepatoyugular positivo. Las alteraciones pulmonares fueron: congestión pulmonar y ruidos respiratorios adventicios. Las variables disnea y cambio del patrón respiratorio mostraron asociación estadísticamente significativa con los ingresos familiares. Conclusión: las alteraciones cardiovasculares y pulmonares son frecuentes en la clientela investigada y estos problemas pueden ser influenciados por datos socioeconómicos.