Association between the interleukin-1B polymorphism at rs16944 T>C and diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness at working age. DR is considered to be a chronic low-grade inflammatory subclinical disease, and its pathogenesis is related to genetic and environmental factors. Interleukin (IL)-1 is an important inflammatory cytokine. An association between DR and the rs16944 (IL-1B-511) T>C gene polymorphism has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the rs16944 T>C gene polymorphism and DR in the Han population in southwest China. Participants in this study were 272 patients with DR, 274 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and 335 healthy controls (NC). The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to detect the rs16944 T>C genotype of participants. The distribution frequencies of the rs16944 T>C genotype and allele were significantly different among the three groups (p < .05). The distribution frequency of TT, CT, CC genotype (χ2 = 9.893, p = .007; χ2 = 6.567, p = .037) and each allele (χ2 = 5.585, p = .018; χ2 = 9.187, p = .002) in the DR group was significantly different from the NC and T2DM groups, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the TT + CT genotype was a risk factor for DR, with an odds ratio of 1.731 (95% confidence interval 1.140-2.627, p = .01). The rs16944 T>C gene polymorphism may be associated with DR, and the TT+CT genotype may increase the risk of DR.

Association between Interleukin-1ß Polymorphism at Rs16944 and Glucose Metabolism: A Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: This study explored the correlation between the interleukin-1ß gene rs16944 polymorphism and diabetes through epidemiological and follow-up investigations. METHODS: The study was conducted on 600 subjects with normal glucose metabolism recruited from participants of the Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese type 2 diabeTic Individuals: A lONgitudinal (REACTION) study in Luzhou, China in 2011. All subjects received a unified standardized questionnaire, physical examination, laboratory examination, and follow-up in 2016. Subjects were divided into normal glucose metabolism (NC), pre-diabetes (PDM), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) groups according to their glucose metabolism after follow-up. The IL-1ß gene rs16944 polymorphism was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) technique. RESULTS: After follow-up, 386, 156, and 58 cases were observed in the NC, PDM, and T2DM groups, respectively. Serum IL-1ß levels were compared to baselines at follow-up in the 3 groups; the difference in the T2DM group was statistically significant. The frequency distributions of the IL-1ß gene rs16944 genotypes, i.e., CC, CT, and TT, were significantly different in the 3 groups, and the distributions in the T2DM and NC groups were significantly different. The frequency distributions of the C and T alleles of IL-1ß rs16944 were not significantly different. Logistic regression analysis identified the CC+CT genotype as an independent risk factor for the development of diabetes in patients with normal glucose metabolism (OR = 2.457, 95% CI: 1.238-4.877). CONCLUSIONS: The IL-1ß gene rs16944 C/T polymorphism may cause genetic susceptibility to T2DM in the Luzhou population. The CC+CT genotypes may increase T2DM risk.

miR-503 Is Involved in the Protective Effect of Phase II Enzyme Inducer (CPDT) in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common heart disease. The Phase II enzyme inducer (CPDT) is a complex enzyme that promotes the expression of antioxidant enzymes through activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2); these compounds have been shown to protect against oxidative stress. However, whether these compounds have similar protective effects in DCM still remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects and potential mechanism of CPDT in diabetic cardiomyopathy. In the results, firstly, compared with control rats, myocardial cell size, left ventricular mass index, and myocardial apoptosis index were increased, miR-503 was increased, and Nrf2, malondialdehyde (MDA), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were decreased in diabetic cardiomyopathy rats. Furthermore, compared with diabetic cardiomyopathy rats, these above parameters show the opposite change in CPDT treatment rats. In addition, the bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that Nrf2 is a direct target of miR-503. Finally, the miR-503 could also regulate Nrf2 in the myocardial cells. Therefore, miR-503 is involved in the protective effect of CPDT in diabetic cardiomyopathy via Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway; miR-503 and Nrf2 may be a promising therapeutic target for the management of diabetic cardiomyopathy.