Presence of anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis-peptidylarginine deiminase antibodies in serum from juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients

The presence of a biofilm-associated gingival inflammation in patients having juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) might function as a reservoir of anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. Porphyromonas gingivalis also express functional endogenous peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes, which catalyzes a citrullination reaction that can lead to formation of citrullinated peptides. We analyzed 30 patients with jSLE (16.2±1.5 years-old) and 29 healthy controls (15.4±2.3 years old jSLE was diagnosed according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. The individuals underwent a full-mouth periodontal examination and were diagnosed with biofilm-associated gingival inflammation. Blood samples were taken and serum levels anti-PPAD IgG were determined by ELISA, and the results were expressed in arbitrary units (AU). The presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis was confirmed using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Porphyromonas gingivalis was detected in both groups without any significant difference between them (p=0.58). The median levels of anti-PPAD were 0.54 AU (0.40 - 0.77) in juvenile SLE patients and 0.48 AU (0.26 - 0.97) in the control group (p=0.95). This is the first study to report the presence of anti-PPAD antibodies in serum from jSLEpatient.

Cell Derived Microparticles in Gingival Crevicular Fluid from Periodontitis Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Cell-derived microparticles (MPs) have been described as vital contributors to the inflammatory process. However, its role in the periodontal disease pathogenesis remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to detect the presence neutrophil (CD66b+) and platelet (CD41b+) derived microparticles in gingival crevicular fluid from individuals having periodontitis aggravated by type 2 diabetes. Twelve patients (56.2 ±7.2 yrs) with severe form of chronic periodontitis aggravated by type 2 diabetes were included. Clinical and metabolic data were gathered. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected using filter strips from deep and shallow sites. MPs were detected by flow cytometry according to their size (< 1 µm) and the expression of surface markers (CD66b for neutrophil-derived MPs and CD41b for platelet-derived MPs). All samples were positive for the antibodies. Median levels of CD66b+ MPs and CD41b+ MPs were, respectively, 3,677.0 (2,553.2 - 9,059.8) MP/µL and 520.7 (432.9 - 766.1) MP/µL in deep sites. In shallow sites, the corresponding values were 2,644.9 (1,451.5 - 3,858.9) MP/µL and 371.2 (287.2 - 692.7) MP/µL. There was no significant difference between deep and shallow sites (p>0.05). In conclusion, this study reported the presence of neutrophil and platelet derived microparticles in gingival crevicular fluid from individuals having severe periodontitis and type 2 diabetes.