[Traditional nutrition and demography in the Arctic zone of Western Siberia].

High requirements for macro- and micronutrients of the organism of a pregnant woman living in the Far North are associated with the influence of extreme factors of high latitudes, and the needs of the mother and the growing fetus. Only the products of the unique food culture of the Arctic people - the Nenets, make it possible to meet the emerging needs. The aim of the work was to study the impact of traditional nutrition on the reproductive health of Nenets women living in the Arctic zone of Western Siberia. Material and methods. 619 indigenous inhabitants (Nenets) of the Yamal, Nadym and Taz districts of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug at the age of 18-65 years were examined. The influence of the type of nutrition (traditional or imported products) on reproductive health indicators (the number of pregnancies, the number of children, the number of spontaneous abortions, frequency of gestosis, threats of termination of pregnancy, operative deliveries) for the period 2013-2018 was studied by analyzing official statistics and by questioning of the female population in own research. Results. The consumption of traditional products (venison, local fishery products, at least 3 times a week) by Nenets women was more often accompanied by a normal physiological course of pregnancy and childbirth (75.2 versus 64.2%, χ2=8.7; p=0.003). It led to a 1.5-fold decrease in the frequency of complications during pregnancy (gestosis, the threat of abortion) (χ2=5.8; p=0.01) and a 20% decrease in the frequency of delivery by cesarean section (χ2=16.6; p<0.001). As a result, a family whose diet was dominated by traditional products had a statistically significantly larger number of children (per child). Conclusion. The preservation of the consumption of reindeer and river fishery products by indigenous women will contribute to the sufficient intake of macro- and micronutrients, that will make it possible to gestate and give birth to a healthier generation of the Nenets society.

[Autoantibodies to thyroid antigens levels in the population of the Russian Arctic at different levels of blood dopamine.]

Neuroimmunoendocrine regulation of the thyroid gland involves the use of autoantibodies as regulatory molecules to stimulate or reduce the activity of the tissues of the organ itself. A huge number of regulatory signal molecules and factors, acting directly or indirectly, often plays a much more significant role, both in ensuring normal activity and in pathological processes. In this regard, it was interesting for us to determine the possible effect of dopamine at its various concentrations in the blood on the levels of thyroglobulin and antibodies to thyroid antigens. A survey of 110 men and 206 women aged 22 to 75 years who were born and lived in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and had no diseases of the endocrine and immune system was conducted. Dopamine concentrations were determined in blood plasma, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin (TG), antibodies to thyroperoxidase (at-TPO) and thyroglobulin (at-TG) in serum. Higher concentrations of thyrotropin and thyroglobulin and lower concentrations of at-TG and at-TPO were shown with increasing dopamine levels from undetectable values to normative and excess levels. We explain this by the influence of dopamine on a-adrenoreceptors of antibody-producing cells and changes in the secretion of immunoglobulins class G, subclasses of which include at-TG and at-TPO. The appearance of different from zero values of autoantibodies concentrations in themselves, we associate with the negative impact of the conditions of the North and the prenosological state of the organism. Their higher values in women with low levels of dopamine can be explained by the lack of its immunomodulatory activity.

[Levels of sex hormones, sex hormone binding globulin, antisperm antibodies and dopamine in postmanopausal women of nomadic and settled aboriginal and local caucasoid populations of the arctic territories.]

Positive changes in the society led to an improvement in quality and lifetime; as a result the menopause in women lengthens much longer, in light of this the relevance of studying hormonal changes increases, especially among the representatives of different groups living in the Arctic territories. The study was carried out on 138 women who included nomadic and settled aboriginal and local Caucasoid postmenopausal populations, permanently residing in the Arctic territories of Russia. The greatest difference in the studied blood indicators was shown between the local Caucasoid and aboriginal population. A greater imbalance in the content of dopamine in Aborigines compared with the European population was combined with a higher levels of prolactin, sex hormone binding globulin, antisperm antibodies and with lower concentrations of lutropine, progesterone, total and free testosterone. In the settled aboriginal population compared with nomadic one there were shown the larger proportion of people with low levels of dopamine, lutropine, follitropin and high levels of prolactin, sex hormone binding globulin in the presence of increased number of feedbacks in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system, which suggested more pronounced reduction of its activity. The evident imbalance of the dopamine content in the aboriginal population was combined with the absence of connections between dopamine level and the parameters of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system. Positive correlation between the contents of dopamine and lutropin in the European population suggested the stimulating effect of dopamine on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system. Affected by imbalanced dopamine content the decreased activity of gonadotropic pituitary gland function as well as the peripheral part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system was registered in the aboriginal Arctic population in comparison with the local European one, which was more pronounced in the settled aboriginals.

[THE PREVALENCE OF RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS AMONG RESIDENTS OF THE RUSSIAN FAR NORTH].

Aim: To study the frequency of respiratory symptoms among the reindeer herders of the Yamal region in the Far North of Russia. We conducted a cross-sectional study of the occurrence of respiratory symptoms among 500 subjects of the tundra Nenets population (28.1% of the adult Nenets population in the district), of which 38.3% were men and 61.7% women (average age 40.1 years). All patients were matched for age and occupation. Medical examination was carried out by a pulmonologist with the use of the GARD questionnaire (WHO, 2004) and spirometry. Spirometry was performed with a SpiroUSB device (UK) according to a unified standard and the criteria of ATS/ERS 2005. The frequency of respiratory symptoms among the tundra population was estimated at 71.8%. Cough with expectoration and dyspnea were found in 22.8% of the respondents. 70.0% of the examined subjects worked in the cold, 33% were exposed to the open flame at home, and 34.4% smoked. Respiratory symptoms developed in 16.3% of those working in the cold and in 37% exposed to open fire. The combination of such complaints as cough and sputum production occurred in smokers twice as frequently as in non-smokers (54.1%) (p<0.01).The combination of such complaints as cough and sputum production was twice as likely note in his those who smoked (54.1% vs 20.2%) (p<0.01). The combination of these problems dyspnea was three times more common in the smokers (23,3%vs 7,3%) (p<0.001). At presence at patients of such a factor as work in the cold and the absence of other only 16.3% of them have respiratory symptoms. When using at home the open flame and the absence of other factors leading up 37.0% of the individuals with symptoms of chronic bronchitis. Cough, sputum and dyspnea are formed only among 26.3% of the smokers face when smoking is the only risk factor. If the surveyed residents of all three negative factors respiratory symptoms met at 62.1%. Disorders of respiratory function according to spirometry were not observed in none of the study participants. Respiratory symptoms developed in 62.1% of the subjects exposed to all three risk factors. External respiration indices remain normal in all he examine subjects. It is concluded that residents of the Far North frequently suffer respiratory symptoms without disorders in the external respiratory function. In most cases they associated with three factors (work in the cold, exposure to open fire at home, and smoking). Compensatory stimulation of lung functions may create additional difficulties for diagnostics of bronchial obstruction.

[The content of dopamine and hormones of system "hypophysis - thyroid" in blood of nomadic, settled and local population of the Arctic.]

The examination was applied to the groups of nomadic, settled aboriginal and local Caucasian population of the Arctic, permanently residing in the North. The study was carried out in the same period of the year - the period of increasing of duration of daylight hours. The study covered 253 individuals aged from 21 to 50 years. Despite differences in life-style of nomadic and settled aborigines, the similar signs were established consisting in the higher functional activity of hypophyseal section of the "hypophysis - thyroid" system against the background of lower content of auto-antibodies to thyroid peroxidase under increasing of the level of dopamine in blood as compared with local Caucasian population of the Arctic. The variation of analyzed parameters in aboriginal population depending on life-style also is demonstrated. So, nomadic aboriginal population is characterized by higher content in blood of global and free fractions of triiodothyronine, lower index of peripheral conversion of iodothyronines, increasing of level of dopamine and adenosine mono-phosphate. In case of settled aboriginal population increasing of content of global and free thyroxine is typical. In case of nomadic aborigines an expressed dissonance in content of iodothyronines is established: shifting of limits of variations of global and free triiodothyronine aside of higher bounds of standard at shifting of limits of variations of free fractions of thyroxine aside lower bounds of standard. The positive correlation relationships are registered between content of dopamine, thyroid hormones and adenosine mono-phosphate are registered. They are more expressed nomadic aboriginal population.

[Blood free radical oxidation indices in the inhabitants of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District].

The paper gives the data of examination of 1333 residents from different areas of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. The examination has demonstrated that oxidative process increase from south to north and from west to east, antioxidative defense becoming weaker.

[Morphological evaluation of Nd:YAG laser exposure to parodontal tissues].

With the help of a light microscopy method of morphometric techniques there were studied dynamics of morphological changes in gum tissues after traditional open curettage and Nd:YAG laser treatment of parodontal pockets in VSP mode. One monph after traditional curettage signs of chronic inflammation were still present, while after the laser exposure complete regeneration of the tissues was achieved.

[The splenic abscess: alternative surgery].

The experience of treatment of patients for splenic abscess, using the abscess cavity puncture and drainage under ultrasonographic guidance, was summarized. The authors consider the method applied as a perspective one, noting, yet, its risks and a need for further studying.

[Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases]. / Epidemiologiia khronicheskikh obstruktivnykh zabolevanii legkikh.

In this study the epidemiological problems of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in the population of the Far North are considered: prevalence of pathology, risk factors and indices of bronchial obstruction are correlated with age, sex, period of living in the North and clinical course of a disease.

[Activation of lipid peroxidation in the brain in cerebral hemorrhage]. / Aktivatsiia perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov mozga privnutrimozgovom krovoizliianii.

The effect of intracerebral hemorrhage (injection of 0.15 ml of autogenic blood during 2 min in capsula interna) on lipid peroxidation in brain tissue was studied in rat experiments. Intracerebral hemorrhage resulted in a progressive increase of conjugated diene and malonic dialdehyde concentrations, and a decrease in the levels of cerebral lipids antiradical activity. This effect appeared by the 3-rd hour and was significantly manifest 24 hours after the blood injection into the brain.