RESUMO
Psychomotor developmental delay is a disorder with a prevalence of 12-18% in the pediatric population, characterized by the non-acquisition of motor, cognitive and communication skills during the child's development, in relation to chronological age. An appropriate neuropsychomotor evaluation and the use of new technologies, such as Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (a-CGH) and Next-generation sequencing (NGS), can contribute to early diagnosis and improving the quality of life. In this case, we have analyzed a boy aged 2 years and 8 months, with a diagnosis of psychomotor developmental delay, mainly in the area of communication and language. The a-CGH analysis identified three de novo deletions of uncertain clinical significance, involving PLXNA2 (1q32.2), PRELID2, GRXCR2 and SH3RF2 (5q32), RIMS1 (6q13), and a heterozygous duplication of maternal origin involved three genes: HELZ, PSMD12 and PITPNC1 (17q24.2). Among all these alterations, our attention focused on the PLXNA2 gene because of the central function that plexin 2 carries out in the development of the central nervous system. However, all genes detected in the analysis could contribute to the phenotypic characteristics of the patient.
Assuntos
Deficiências do Desenvolvimento , Deleção de Genes , Criança , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Background and Objectives: The development and standardization of genome-wide technologies able to carry out high-resolution, genomic analyses in a cost- and time-affordable way is increasing our knowledge regarding the molecular bases of complex diseases like autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a group of heterogeneous diseases with multifactorial origins. Genetic factors seem to be involved, albeit they remain still largely unknown. Here, we report the case of a child with a clinical suspicion of ASD investigated by using such a genomic high-resolution approach. Materials and Methods: Both array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and exome sequencing were carried out on the family trio. aCGH was performed using the 4 × 180 K SurePrint G3 Human CGH Microarray, while the Human All Exon V7 targeted SureSelect XT HS panel was used for exome sequencing. Results: aCGH identified a paternally inherited duplication of chromosome 7 involving the CNTNAP2 gene, while 5 potentially clinically-relevant variants were identified by exome sequencing. Conclusions: Within the identified genomic alterations, the CNTNAP2 gene duplication may be related to the patient's phenotype. Indeed, this gene has already been associated with brain development and cognitive functions, including language. The paternal origin of the alteration cannot exclude an incomplete penetrance. Moreover, other genomic factors may act as phenotype modifiers combined with CNTNAP2 gene duplication. Thus, the case reported herein strongly reinforces the need to use extensive genomic analyses to shed light on the bases of complex diseases.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/diagnóstico , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/genética , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa , Exoma/genética , Duplicação Gênica , Testes Genéticos , HumanosRESUMO
Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy (MCM) is a common manifestation of multi-organ Mitochondrial Diseases (MDs), occasionally present in non-syndromic cases. Diagnosis of MCM is complex because of wide clinical and genetic heterogeneity and requires medical, laboratory, and neuroimaging investigations. Currently, the molecular screening for MCM is fundamental part of MDs management and allows achieving the definitive diagnosis. In this article, we review the current genetic knowledge associated with MDs, focusing on diagnosis of MCM and MDs showing cardiac involvement. We searched for publications on mitochondrial and nuclear genes involved in MCM, mainly focusing on genetic screening based on targeted gene panels for the molecular diagnosis of the MCM, by using Next Generation Sequencing. Here we report twelve case reports, four case-control studies, eleven retrospective studies, and two prospective studies, for a total of twenty-nine papers concerning the evaluation of cardiac manifestations in mitochondrial diseases. From the analysis of published causal mutations, we identified 130 genes to be associated with mitochondrial heart diseases. A large proportion of these genes (34.3%) encode for key proteins involved in the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), either as directly OXPHOS subunits (22.8%), and as OXPHOS assembly factors (11.5%). Mutations in several mitochondrial tRNA genes have been also reported in multi-organ or isolated MCM (15.3%). This review highlights the main disease-genes, identified by extensive genetic analysis, which could be included as target genes in next generation panels for the molecular diagnosis of patients with clinical suspect of mitochondrial cardiomyopathies.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatias/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatias/etiologia , Doenças Mitocondriais/epidemiologia , Doenças Mitocondriais/etiologia , Alelos , Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Genes Mitocondriais , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Testes Genéticos , Humanos , Mitocôndrias/genética , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Doenças Mitocondriais/diagnóstico , Epidemiologia Molecular , Mutação , Especificidade de Órgãos , FenótipoRESUMO
In the last few years, a significant increase of childhood obesity incidence unequally distributed within countries and population groups has been observed, thus representing an important public health problem associated with several health and social consequences. Obese children have more than a 50% probability of becoming obese adults, and to develop pathologies typical of obese adults, that include type 2-diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Also environmental factors, such as reduced physical activity and increased sedentary activities, may also result in increased caloric intake and/or decreased caloric expenditure. In the present review, we aimed to identify and describe a specific panel of parameters in order to evaluate and characterize the childhood obesity status useful in setting up a preventive diagnostic approach directed at improving health-related behaviors and identifying predisposing risk factors. An early identification of risk factors for childhood obesity could definitely help in setting up adequate and specific clinical treatments.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Laboratórios/normas , Microbiota , Obesidade Infantil/diagnóstico , Obesidade Infantil/terapia , Criança , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Obesidade Infantil/genéticaRESUMO
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a devastating event which can also affect people in apparent good health, such as young athletes. It is known that intense and continuous exercise along with a genetic background that predisposes a person to the risk of fatal arrhythmias is a trigger for SCD. Therefore, knowledge of the athlete's genetic conditions underlying the onset of SCD must be extended, in order to develop new effective prevention and/or therapeutic strategies. Arrhythmic features occur across a broad spectrum of cardiac diseases, sometimes presenting with overlapping phenotypes. The genetic basis of arrhythmogenic disorders has been greatly highlighted in the last 30 years, and has shown marked heterogeneity. The advent of next-generation sequencing has constantly updated our understanding of the genetic basis of arrhythmogenic diseases and is laying the foundation for precision medicine. With the exception of a few clinical cases involving a single athlete showing a highly suspected phenotype for the presence of a heart disease, there are few studies to date that analysed the applicability of genetic testing on cohorts of athletes. This evidence shows that genetic testing can contribute to the diagnosis of up to 13% of athletes; however, the presence of clinical markers is essential. This review aims to provide a reference collection on current knowledge of the genetic basis of sudden cardiac death in athletes and to review updated evidence on the effectiveness of genetic testing in early identification of athletes at risk for SCD.
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Morte Súbita Cardíaca/etiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Parada Cardíaca/genética , Coração/fisiopatologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/genética , Arritmias Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Atletas , Testes Genéticos/métodos , Parada Cardíaca/etiologia , Parada Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , HumanosRESUMO
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic hyperlipidemia characterized by elevated concentrations of plasma LDL cholesterol. Statins are not always effective for the treatment of FH patients; unresponsive patients have poor prognosis and rely on LDL apheresis. In the past, we developed safe and effective gene therapy strategies for the expression of anti-atherogenic proteins using PEGylated helper-dependent adenoviral (HD-Ad) vectors. We recently developed a HD-Ad vector for the expression of the soluble form of the extracellular portion of the human LDL receptor (LDLR) fused with a rabbit transferrin dimer (LDLR-TF). We evaluated the efficacy of the LDLR-TF chimeric protein in CHOLDLA7, a cell line lacking LDLR expression, restoring the ability to uptake LDL. Subsequently, we administered intravenously 1 × 10E13 vp/kg of this vector in LDLR-deficient mice and observed amelioration of lipid profile and reduction of aortic atherosclerosis. Finally, we studied LDL distribution after HD-Ad vector-mediated expression of LDLR-TF in LDLR-deficient mice and found LDL accumulation in liver, and in heart and intestine. These results support the possibility of lowering LDL-C levels and reducing aortic atherosclerosis using a secreted therapeutic transgene; the present strategy potentially can be modified and adapted to non-systemic gene transfer with expression of the secreted chimeric protein in muscle or other tissues. Intramuscular or local administration strategies could improve the safety profile of this strategy and facilitate applicability.
Assuntos
Terapia Genética/métodos , Receptores de LDL/genética , Transferrina/genética , Adenoviridae/genética , Infecções por Adenoviridae/genética , Animais , Aorta/patologia , Aterosclerose/genética , Linhagem Celular , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/genética , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Técnicas de Transferência de Genes , Vetores Genéticos/genética , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Camundongos , Receptores de LDL/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/uso terapêutico , Transferrina/metabolismo , TransgenesRESUMO
Diagnosing a complex genetic syndrome and correctly assigning the concomitant phenotypic traits to a well-defined clinical form is often a medical challenge. In this work, we report the analysis of a family with complex phenotypes, including microcephaly, intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, and polydactyly in the proband, with the aim of adding new aspects for obtaining a clear diagnosis. We performed array-comparative genomic hybridization and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses. We identified a deletion of chromosome 20p12.1 involving the macrodomain containing 2/mono-ADP ribosylhydrolase 2 gene (MACROD2) in several members of the family. This gene is actually not associated with a specific syndrome but with congenital anomalies of multiple organs. qRT-PCR showed higher levels of a MACROD2 mRNA isoform in the individuals carrying the deletion. Our results, together with other data reported in the literature, support the hypothesis that the deletion in MACROD2 can affect correct embryonic development and that the presence of another associated event, such as epigenetic modifications at the MACROD2 locus, can influence the level of severity of the pathology.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Enzimas Reparadoras do DNA/genética , Hidrolases/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Rim/anormalidades , Microcefalia/genética , Pâncreas/anormalidades , Polidactilia/genética , Deleção de Sequência , Adulto , Cromossomos Humanos Par 20/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 20/ultraestrutura , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa , Enzimas Reparadoras do DNA/deficiência , Enzimas Reparadoras do DNA/fisiologia , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrolases/deficiência , Hidrolases/fisiologia , Masculino , Linhagem , Fenótipo , Transtornos Psicomotores/genéticaRESUMO
The need to evaluate the health status of an athlete represents a crucial aim in preventive and protective sports science in order to identify the best diagnostic strategy to improve performance and reduce risks related to physical exercise. In the present review we aim to define the main biochemical and haematological markers that vary significantly during and after sports training to identify risk factors, at competitive and professional levels and to highlight the set up of a specific parameter's panel for elite athletes. Moreover, we also intend to consider additional biomarkers, still under investigation, which could further contribute to laboratory sports medicine and provide reliable data that can be used by athlete's competent staff in order to establish personal attitudes and prevent sports injuries.
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Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Medicina Esportiva/métodos , Medicina Esportiva/tendências , Atletas , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/métodos , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Humanos , EsportesRESUMO
The aim of this study was to verify the reliability of a next generation sequencing (NGS)-based method as a strategy to detect all possible BRCA mutations, including large genomic rearrangements. Genomic DNA was obtained from a peripheral blood sample provided by a patient from Southern Italy with early onset breast cancer and a family history of diverse cancers. BRCA molecular analysis was performed by NGS, and sequence data were analyzed using two software packages. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array was used as confirmatory method. A novel large duplication, involving exons 4-26, of BRCA2 was directly detected in the patient by NGS workflow including quantitative analysis of copy number variants. The duplication observed was also found by CGH array, thus confirming its extent. Large genomic rearrangements can affect the BRCA1/2 genes, and thus contribute to germline predisposition to familial breast and ovarian cancers. The frequency of these mutations could be underestimated because of technical limitations of several routinely used molecular analysis, while their evaluation should be included also in these molecular testing. The NGS-based strategy described herein is an effective procedure to screen for all kinds of BRCA mutations.
Assuntos
Duplicação Gênica , Genômica , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Adulto , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Feminino , Rearranjo Gênico , Genes BRCA2 , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Testes Genéticos , Genômica/métodos , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Síndrome Hereditária de Câncer de Mama e Ovário/diagnóstico , Síndrome Hereditária de Câncer de Mama e Ovário/genética , Humanos , LinhagemRESUMO
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a pivotal role in the innate immune responses to Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in humans. ß-Defensins, a class of cationic arginine-rich AMPs, are small peptides secreted by immune cells and epithelial cells that exert antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. During Hp infections, AMP expression is able to eradicate the bacteria, thereby preventing Hp infections in gastrointestinal tract. It is likely that gastric ß-defensins expression is increased during Hp infection. The aim of this review is to focus on increased knowledge of the role of ß-defensins in response to Hp infection. We also briefly discuss the potential use of AMPs, either alone or in combination with conventional antibiotics, for the treatment of Hp infection.
Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , beta-Defensinas/farmacologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/química , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/metabolismo , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/farmacologia , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/uso terapêutico , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Gastrite/etiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidade , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/etiologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fatores de Virulência , beta-Defensinas/química , beta-Defensinas/metabolismo , beta-Defensinas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
In childhood, several rare genetic diseases have overlapping symptoms and signs, including those regarding growth alterations, thus the differential diagnosis is sometimes difficult. The proband, aged 3 years, was suspected to have Silver-Russel syndrome because of intrauterine growth retardation, postnatal growth retardation, typical facial dysmorphic features, macrocephaly, body asymmetry, and bilateral fifth finger clinodactyly. Other features were left atrial and ventricular enlargement and patent foramen ovale. Total X-ray skeleton showed hypoplasia of the twelfth rib bilaterally and of the coccyx, slender long bones with thick cortex, and narrow medullary channels. The genetic investigation did not confirm Silver-Russel syndrome. At the age of 5 the patient developed an additional sign: hepatomegaly. Array CGH revealed a 147 kb deletion (involving TRIM 37 and SKA2 genes) on one allele of chromosome 17, inherited from his mother. These results suggested Mulibrey nanism. The clinical features were found to fit this hypothesis. Sequencing of the TRIM 37 gene showed a single base change at a splicing locus, inherited from his father that provoked a truncated protein. The combined use of Array CGH and DNA sequencing confirmed diagnosis of Mulibrey nanism. The large deletion involving the SKA2 gene, along with the increased frequency of malignant tumours in mulibrey patients, suggests closed monitoring for cancer of our patient and his mother. Array CGH should be performed as first tier test in all infants with multiple anomalies. The clinician should reconsider the clinical features when the genetics suggests this. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assuntos
Nanismo de Mulibrey/diagnóstico , Nanismo de Mulibrey/genética , Mutação , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Pré-Escolar , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Humanos , Masculino , Linhagem , Exame Físico , Sítios de Splice de RNA , Radiografia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Proteínas com Motivo Tripartido , Ubiquitina-Proteína LigasesRESUMO
Clinical studies of large human populations and pharmacological interventions in rodent models have recently suggested that anti-hypertensive drugs that target angiotensin II (Ang II) activity may also reduce loss of bone mineral density. Here, we identified in a genetic screening the Ang II type I receptor (AT1R) as a potential determinant of osteogenic differentiation and, implicitly, bone formation. Silencing of AT1R expression by RNA interference severely impaired the maturation of a multipotent mesenchymal cell line (W20-17) along the osteoblastic lineage. The same effect was also observed after the addition of the AT1R antagonist losartan but not the AT2R inhibitor PD123,319. Additional cell culture assays traced the time of greatest losartan action to the early stages of W20-17 differentiation, namely during cell proliferation. Indeed, addition of Ang II increased proliferation of differentiating W20-17 and primary mesenchymal stem cells and this stimulation was reversed by losartan treatment. Cells treated with losartan also displayed an appreciable decrease of activated (phosphorylated)-Smad2/3 proteins. Moreover, Ang II treatment elevated endogenous transforming growth factor ß (TGFß) expression considerably and in an AT1R-dependent manner. Finally, exogenous TGFß was able to restore high proliferative activity to W20-17 cells that were treated with both Ang II and losartan. Collectively, these results suggest a novel mechanism of Ang II action in bone metabolism that is mediated by TGFß and targets proliferation of osteoblast progenitors.
Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Osteoblastos/citologia , Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Bloqueadores do Receptor Tipo 2 de Angiotensina II/farmacologia , Angiotensinas , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Losartan/farmacologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/fisiologia , Camundongos , Osteoblastos/fisiologia , Piridinas/farmacologia , RNA Interferente Pequeno , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/genéticaRESUMO
Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of complex multifactorial disorders characterized by cognitive impairment, communication deficits, abnormal behaviour, and/or motor skills resulting from abnormal neural development. Copy number variants (CNVs) are genetic alterations often associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. We evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of the array-comparative genomic hybridization (a-CGH) method and its relevance as a routine diagnostic test in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders for the identification of the molecular alterations underlying or contributing to the clinical manifestations. In the present study, we analysed 1800 subjects with neurodevelopmental disorders using a CGH microarray. We identified 208 (7%) pathogenetic CNVs, 2202 (78%) variants of uncertain significance (VOUS), and 504 (18%) benign CNVs in the 1800 patients analysed. Some alterations contain genes potentially related to neurodevelopmental disorders including CHRNA7, ANKS1B, ANKRD11, RBFOX1, ASTN2, GABRG3, SHANK2, KIF1A SETBP1, SNTG2, CTNNA2, TOP3B, CNTN4, CNTN5, and CNTN6. The identification of interesting significant genes related to neurological disorders with a-CGH is therefore an essential step in the diagnostic procedure, allowing a better understanding of both the pathophysiology of these disorders and the mechanisms underlying their clinical manifestations.
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Hibridização Genômica Comparativa , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento , Humanos , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/genética , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA/genética , Feminino , Masculino , Itália , Criança , Adolescente , Pré-EscolarAssuntos
Transtornos Cromossômicos/genética , Duplicação Cromossômica/genética , Obesidade/genética , Adulto , Criança , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/genética , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Expanded carrier screening (ECS) means a comprehensive genetic analysis to evaluate an individual's carrier status. ECS is becoming more frequently used, thanks to the availability of techniques such as next generation sequencing (NGS) and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), allowing for extensive genome-scale analyses. Here, we report the case of a couple who underwent ECS for a case of autism spectrum disorder in the male partner family. aCGH and whole-exome sequencing (WES) were performed in the couple. aCGH analysis identified in the female partner two deletions involving genes associated to behavioral and neurodevelopment disorders. No clinically relevant alterations were identified in the husband. Interestingly, WES analysis identified in the male partner a pathogenic variant in the LPL gene that is emerging as a novel candidate gene for autism. This case shows that ECS may be useful in clinical contexts, especially when both the partners are analyzed before conception, thus allowing the estimation of their risk to transmit an inherited condition. On the other side, there are several concerns related to possible incidental findings and difficult-to-interpret results. Once these limits are defined by the establishment of specific guidelines, ECS may have a greater diffusion.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Transtorno Autístico , Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/diagnóstico , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/genética , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa , Transtorno Autístico/diagnóstico , Transtorno Autístico/genética , Fertilização , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga EscalaRESUMO
Intense physical activity can induce metabolic changes that modify specific biochemical biomarkers. In this scenario, the purpose of our study was to evaluate how intense physical activity can affect oxidative metabolism. Following this, fifteen professional basketball players and fifteen sedentary controls were recruited and subjected to two samplings of serum and urine in the pre-season (September) and two months after the start of the competitive season (November). Our results have shown an increase in athletes compared to controls in CK and LDH in September (respectively, p-value 0.003 and p-value < 0.001) and in November (both p-value < 0.001), whereas ALT is increased only in November (p-value 0.09). GGT serum levels were decreased in athletes compared to controls in both months (in September p-value 0.001 and in November p-value < 0.001). A gene expression analysis, carried out using RT-PCR, has revealed that IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, xCT and GCLM are increased in athletes in both months (p-value < 0.0001), while IL-10 and CHAC1 are increased only in September if compared to the controls (respectively, p-value 0.040 and p-value < 0.001). In conclusion, physical activity creates an adaptation of the systems involved in oxidative metabolism but without causing damage to the liver or kidney. This information could be of help to sports doctors for the prevention of injuries and illnesses in professional athletes for the construction of the athlete's passport.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Basquetebol , Humanos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Atletas , Exercício Físico , Rim/metabolismoRESUMO
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social interactions and communication skills impairments that include intellectual disabilities, communication delays and self-injurious behaviors; often are present systemic comorbidities such as gastrointestinal disorders, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, in recent years has emerged a link between alterations in the intestinal microbiota and neurobehavioral symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder. Recently, physical activity and exercise interventions are known to be beneficial for improving communication and social interaction and the composition of microbiota. In our review we intend to highlight how different types of sports can help to improve communication and social behaviors in children with autism and also show positive effects on gut microbiota composition.
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Background: Childhood obesity (CO) is a serious medical condition affecting approximately 120 million children and adolescents worldwide. It is characterized by a persistent inflammatory state with inflammatory markers overexpressed, which in turn leads to a higher cardiovascular risk. It is well known that physical exercise reduces the inflammatory state in obese children. In the present study, we evaluated various biochemical parameters in obese children performing physical exercise compared to a group of obese sedentary children. Hence, the objective is to identify a panel of biomarkers to prevent numerous obesity-related complications. Methods: We examined two populations: 44 sedentary obese children (OSe), recruited on 5 November 2018 from Santobono−Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples (Italy) of age = 11 ± 3.3 and 30 obese children who practice sport (OSp) of age = 10 ± 2.5. We observed a significant variation in some biochemical parameters such as white blood cells, C-reactive protein (CRP), glycemia and insulinemia. Moreover, we determined the levels of interleukins, chemokines and defensins by ELISA assay. Results: Our results showed a reduction in serum level of glycemia (p-value < 0.001), neutrophils (p-value < 0.05) and CRP (p-value < 0.05), whereas no relevant variations have been reported in insulin levels. Moreover, we found a decrease in serum levels of PDGF-ß (p-value < 0.05), IL-9 (p-value < 0.01), IL-6 (p-value < 0.0001), IL-8 (p-value < 0.0001), IP-10 (p-value < 0.01), Eotaxin (p-value < 0.0001) and GM-CSF (p-value < 0.01) in OSp population in comparison to OSe. At the same time, we did not observe any significant variation in serum levels of IL-1ra and IL-17 between the two populations. On the other hand, we found an increase in HNP-1 (p-value < 0.0001) and HBD1 (p-value < 0.01) in OSp if compared to OSe. Conclusions: This study shed light on the role of physical exercise on CO, demonstrating in our population that an early evaluation of some biochemical parameters could be an assumption to prescribe physical exercise in order to monitor and prevent childhood obesity and related disorders.