RESUMO
Bone is a favorable microenvironment for tumor growth and a frequent destination for metastatic cancer cells. Targeting cancers within the bone marrow remains a crucial oncologic challenge due to issues of drug availability and microenvironment-induced resistance. Herein, we engineered bone-homing polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) for spatiotemporally controlled delivery of therapeutics to bone, which diminish off-target effects and increase local drug concentrations. The NPs consist of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and bisphosphonate (or alendronate, a targeting ligand). The engineered NPs were formulated by blending varying ratios of the synthesized polymers: PLGA-b-PEG and alendronate-conjugated polymer PLGA-b-PEG-Ald, which ensured long circulation and targeting capabilities, respectively. The bone-binding ability of Ald-PEG-PLGA NPs was investigated by hydroxyapatite binding assays and ex vivo imaging of adherence to bone fragments. In vivo biodistribution of fluorescently labeled NPs showed higher retention, accumulation, and bone homing of targeted Ald-PEG-PLGA NPs, compared with nontargeted PEG-PLGA NPs. A library of bortezomib-loaded NPs (bone-targeted Ald-Bort-NPs and nontargeted Bort-NPs) were developed and screened for optimal physiochemical properties, drug loading, and release profiles. Ald-Bort-NPs were tested for efficacy in mouse models of multiple myeloma (MM). Results demonstrated significantly enhanced survival and decreased tumor burden in mice pretreated with Ald-Bort-NPs versus Ald-Empty-NPs (no drug) or the free drug. We also observed that bortezomib, as a pretreatment regimen, modified the bone microenvironment and enhanced bone strength and volume. Our findings suggest that NP-based anticancer therapies with bone-targeting specificity comprise a clinically relevant method of drug delivery that can inhibit tumor progression in MM.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Ósseas/tratamento farmacológico , Ácidos Borônicos , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Ácido Láctico , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Nanopartículas , Polietilenoglicóis , Ácido Poliglicólico , Pirazinas , Microambiente Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Alendronato/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias Ósseas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Ácidos Borônicos/química , Ácidos Borônicos/farmacologia , Bortezomib , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Ácido Láctico/síntese química , Ácido Láctico/química , Ácido Láctico/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Mieloma Múltiplo/metabolismo , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/ultraestrutura , Transplante de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Experimentais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Experimentais/patologia , Polietilenoglicóis/síntese química , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Polietilenoglicóis/farmacocinética , Ácido Poliglicólico/síntese química , Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Ácido Poliglicólico/farmacologia , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico e Ácido Poliglicólico , Pirazinas/química , Pirazinas/farmacologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Clonal proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow (BM) affects local cells, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), leading to osteolysis and fatality in multiple myeloma (MM). Consequently, there is an urgent need to find better mechanisms of inhibiting myeloma growth and osteolytic lesion development. To meet this need and accelerate clinical translation, better models of myeloma within the BM are required. Herein we have developed a clinically relevant, three-dimensional (3D) myeloma BM coculture model that mimics bone cell/cancer cell interactions within the bone microenvironment. The coculture model and clinical samples were used to investigate myeloma growth, osteogenesis inhibition, and myeloma-induced abnormalities in MM-MSCs. This platform demonstrated myeloma support of capillary-like assembly of endothelial cells and cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). Also, distinct normal donor (ND)- and MM-MSC miRNA (miR) signatures were identified and used to uncover osteogenic miRs of interest for osteoblast differentiation. More broadly, our 3D platform provides a simple, clinically relevant tool to model cancer growth within the bone-useful for investigating skeletal cancer biology, screening compounds, and exploring osteogenesis. Our identification and efficacy validation of novel bone anabolic miRs in MM opens more opportunities for novel approaches to cancer therapy via stromal miR modulation.