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1.
Ann Clin Transl Neurol ; 10(10): 1790-1801, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37545094

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by autosomal-dominant pathogenic variants in either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, and it is characterized by hamartomas in multiple organs, such as skin, kidney, lung, and brain. These changes can result in epilepsy, learning disabilities, and behavioral complications, among others. The mechanistic link between TSC and the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is well established, thus mTOR inhibitors can potentially be used to treat the clinical manifestations of the disorder, including epilepsy. METHODS: In this study, we tested the efficacy of a novel mTOR catalytic inhibitor (here named Tool Compound 1 or TC1) previously reported to be more brain-penetrant compared with other mTOR inhibitors. Using a well-characterized hypomorphic Tsc2 mouse model, which displays a translationally relevant seizure phenotype, we tested the efficacy of TC1. RESULTS: Our results show that chronic treatment with this novel mTOR catalytic inhibitor (TC1), which affects both the mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling complexes, reduces seizure burden, and extends the survival of Tsc2 hypomorphic mice, restoring species typical weight gain over development. INTERPRETATION: Novel mTOR catalytic inhibitor TC1 exhibits a promising therapeutic option in the treatment of TSC.


Assuntos
Epilepsia , Esclerose Tuberosa , Camundongos , Animais , Esclerose Tuberosa/tratamento farmacológico , Esclerose Tuberosa/genética , Esclerose Tuberosa/patologia , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética , Inibidores de MTOR , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Epilepsia/genética , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológico
2.
J Med Chem ; 66(13): 9095-9119, 2023 07 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37399505

RESUMO

The allosteric inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) everolimus reduces seizures in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) patients through partial inhibition of mTOR functions. Due to its limited brain permeability, we sought to develop a catalytic mTOR inhibitor optimized for central nervous system (CNS) indications. We recently reported an mTOR inhibitor (1) that is able to block mTOR functions in the mouse brain and extend the survival of mice with neuronal-specific ablation of the Tsc1 gene. However, 1 showed the risk of genotoxicity in vitro. Through structure-activity relationship (SAR) optimization, we identified compounds 9 and 11 without genotoxicity risk. In neuronal cell-based models of mTOR hyperactivity, both corrected aberrant mTOR activity and significantly improved the survival rate of mice in the Tsc1 gene knockout model. Unfortunately, 9 and 11 showed limited oral exposures in higher species and dose-limiting toxicities in cynomolgus macaque, respectively. However, they remain optimal tools to explore mTOR hyperactivity in CNS disease models.


Assuntos
Inibidores de MTOR , Sirolimo , Camundongos , Animais , Síndrome , Sistema Nervoso Central/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR , Trifosfato de Adenosina
3.
Cell Chem Biol ; 29(2): 249-258.e5, 2022 02 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34547225

RESUMO

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulates plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels by promoting hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR) degradation. Therapeutic antibodies that disrupt PCSK9-LDLR binding reduce LDL-C concentrations and cardiovascular disease risk. The epidermal growth factor precursor homology domain A (EGF-A) of the LDLR serves as a primary contact with PCSK9 via a flat interface, presenting a challenge for identifying small molecule PCSK9-LDLR disruptors. We employ an affinity-based screen of 1013in vitro-translated macrocyclic peptides to identify high-affinity PCSK9 ligands that utilize a unique, induced-fit pocket and partially disrupt the PCSK9-LDLR interaction. Structure-based design led to molecules with enhanced function and pharmacokinetic properties (e.g., 13PCSK9i). In mice, 13PCSK9i reduces plasma cholesterol levels and increases hepatic LDLR density in a dose-dependent manner. 13PCSK9i functions by a unique, allosteric mechanism and is the smallest molecule identified to date with in vivo PCSK9-LDLR disruptor function.


Assuntos
Peptídeos/farmacologia , Pró-Proteína Convertase 9/metabolismo , Receptores de LDL/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Ligantes , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Peptídeos/síntese química , Peptídeos/química , Conformação Proteica , Receptores de LDL/metabolismo
4.
J Med Chem ; 63(3): 1068-1083, 2020 02 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31955578

RESUMO

Recent clinical evaluation of everolimus for seizure reduction in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a disease with overactivated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, has demonstrated the therapeutic value of mTOR inhibitors for central nervous system (CNS) indications. Given that everolimus is an incomplete inhibitor of the mTOR function, we sought to develop a new mTOR inhibitor that has improved properties and is suitable for CNS disorders. Starting from an in-house purine-based compound, optimization of the physicochemical properties of a thiazolopyrimidine series led to the discovery of the small molecule 7, a potent and selective brain-penetrant ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor. In neuronal cell-based models of mTOR hyperactivity, 7 corrected the mTOR pathway activity and the resulting neuronal overgrowth phenotype. The new mTOR inhibitor 7 showed good brain exposure and significantly improved the survival rate of mice with neuronal-specific ablation of the Tsc1 gene. These results demonstrate the potential utility of this tool compound to test therapeutic hypotheses that depend on mTOR hyperactivity in the CNS.


Assuntos
Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológico , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/antagonistas & inibidores , Tiazóis/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anticonvulsivantes/metabolismo , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacocinética , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Sítios de Ligação , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Descoberta de Drogas , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligação Proteica , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Pirimidinas/metabolismo , Pirimidinas/farmacocinética , Ratos , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/química , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Tiazóis/metabolismo , Tiazóis/farmacocinética , Proteína 1 do Complexo Esclerose Tuberosa/genética
5.
J Med Chem ; 60(7): 2790-2818, 2017 04 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28296398

RESUMO

Tetrahydroisoquinoline 40 has been identified as a potent ERα antagonist and selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), exhibiting good oral bioavailability, antitumor efficacy, and SERD activity in vivo. We outline the discovery and chemical optimization of the THIQ scaffold leading to THIQ 40 and showcase the racemization of the scaffold, pharmacokinetic studies in preclinical species, and the in vivo efficacy of THIQ 40 in a MCF-7 human breast cancer xenograft model.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Mama/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/antagonistas & inibidores , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/química , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/uso terapêutico , Acrilatos/química , Acrilatos/farmacocinética , Acrilatos/farmacologia , Acrilatos/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Mama/metabolismo , Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Cães , Descoberta de Drogas , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Proteólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/farmacocinética , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/farmacologia
6.
PLoS One ; 10(6): e0127498, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26098886

RESUMO

Englerin A is a structurally unique natural product reported to selectively inhibit growth of renal cell carcinoma cell lines. A large scale phenotypic cell profiling experiment (CLiP) of englerin A on ¬over 500 well characterized cancer cell lines showed that englerin A inhibits growth of a subset of tumor cell lines from many lineages, not just renal cell carcinomas. Expression of the TRPC4 cation channel was the cell line feature that best correlated with sensitivity to englerin A, suggesting the hypothesis that TRPC4 is the efficacy target for englerin A. Genetic experiments demonstrate that TRPC4 expression is both necessary and sufficient for englerin A induced growth inhibition. Englerin A induces calcium influx and membrane depolarization in cells expressing high levels of TRPC4 or its close ortholog TRPC5. Electrophysiology experiments confirmed that englerin A is a TRPC4 agonist. Both the englerin A induced current and the englerin A induced growth inhibition can be blocked by the TRPC4/C5 inhibitor ML204. These experiments confirm that activation of TRPC4/C5 channels inhibits tumor cell line proliferation and confirms the TRPC4 target hypothesis generated by the cell line profiling. In selectivity assays englerin A weakly inhibits TRPA1, TRPV3/V4, and TRPM8 which suggests that englerin A may bind a common feature of TRP ion channels. In vivo experiments show that englerin A is lethal in rodents near doses needed to activate the TRPC4 channel. This toxicity suggests that englerin A itself is probably unsuitable for further drug development. However, since englerin A can be synthesized in the laboratory, it may be a useful chemical starting point to identify novel modulators of other TRP family channels.


Assuntos
Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sesquiterpenos de Guaiano/farmacologia , Canais de Cátion TRPC/agonistas , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Indóis/farmacologia , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Interferência de RNA , RNA Interferente Pequeno , Ratos , Canais de Cátion TRPC/antagonistas & inibidores , Canais de Cátion TRPC/genética , Transfecção
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