Human fibroblast-like cultures in the presence of platelet-rich plasma as a single growth factor source: clinical implications.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the proliferation, morphology, and antigenic expression of human fibroblast-like cells between primary cultures treated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or fetal bovine serum (FBS) as the growth factor source. DESIGN: Cells from human gingival tissue samples obtained from healthy volunteers during oral surgery were studied. Isolated cells were cultured in media supplemented with 10% PRP or FBS. Platelet-rich plasma was prepared from the venous blood of each patient. The authors studied short- and long-term cell cultures in the presence of PRP or FBS as the sole growth factor source in order to determine (a) cell growth rate, by MTT (3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay; (b) cell morphology, by electronic microscopy; and (c) antigenic expression, by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. RESULTS: In short-term cultures, the cell growth rate was higher with PRP versus FBS treatment. No differences in morphology or expression of vimentin, fibronectin, or α-actin antigens were observed between PRP and FBS cultures. In long-term cultures, PRP and FBS did not significantly differ in cell growth rate but differed in morphology and in the expression of vimentin, fibronectin, and α-actin. CONCLUSION: The PRP enhances cell proliferation over the short term and induces cell differentiation of fibroblast-like cells to myofibroblast-like cells over the long term, suggesting that fibroblast differentiation to myofibroblasts may underlie the action mechanism of PRP in soft tissue regeneration.

Bone Protective Effect of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds by Modulating Osteoblast Gene Expression.

The phenolic compounds of extra-virgin olive oil can act at various levels to protect individuals against cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and osteoporosis, among others. Polyphenols in extra-virgin olive oil can stimulate the proliferation of osteoblasts, modify their antigen profile, and promote alkaline phosphatase synthesis. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of different extra-virgin olive oil phenolic compounds on the gene expression of osteoblast-related markers. The cells of the MG63 osteoblast line were cultured for 24 h with 10-6 M of the phenolic compounds ferulic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, apigenin, or luteolin. The expression of studied markers was quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR). The expression by MG63 osteoblasts of growth and differentiation/maturation markers was modified after 24 h of treatment with 10-6 M of the phenolic compounds under study, most of which increased the gene expression of the transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1), TGF-ß receptor 1,2 and 3 (TGF-ßR1, TGF-ßR2, TGF-ßR3), bone morphogenetic protein 2 and 7 (BMP2, BMP7), run-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Osteocalcin (OSC), Osterix (OSX), Collagen type I (Col-I) and osteoprotegerin (OPN). The extra-virgin olive oil phenolic compounds may have a beneficial effect on bone by modulating osteoblast physiology, which would support their protective effect against bone pathologies.

The Effect of Epidural Analgesia Alone and in Association With Other Variables on the Risk of Cesarean Section.

INTRODUCTION: Epidural analgesia (EA) is the most widespread pharmacologic method of labor pain relief. There remains disagreement, however, regarding its adverse effects. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of EA administration on the risk of cesarean delivery and its causes (e.g., stalled labor, risk of loss of fetal well-being, among others) and the degree to which this effect may be modulated by mother-, newborn-, and labor-related variables. METHOD: A retrospective cohort observational study was conducted including all deliveries in a Spanish public hospital between March 2010 and March 2013 ( N = 2,450; EA = 562, non-EA = 1,888). RESULTS: Risk of a cesarean section was significantly increased by EA administration (odds ratio [ OR] = 2.673; p < .0001). The percentage of cesarean deliveries due to the risk of loss of fetal well-being was significantly higher in the EA (47.8%) versus non-EA group (27.5%; OR = 1.739; p = 0.0012,). The EA-associated risk of cesarean section was not significantly modified as a function of maternal age or parity, fetal position, newborn weight, weeks of gestation, or sedation administration alone. However, these variables in combination may increase the risk. We present multivariate models for each group that account for these variables, allowing for estimation of the risk of a cesarean delivery if EA is administered. CONCLUSION: EA is associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery. Other variables in combination (maternal age or parity, fetal position, newborn weight, weeks of gestation, or sedation administration) may increase this risk.

Effect and clinical implications of the low-energy diode laser on bone cell proliferation.

Laser is a simple, noninvasive technique that has proven useful for treating damaged tissue. However, its effects on bone regeneration and the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on MG-63 cell proliferation of application of a pulsed diode laser (Ezlase) of 940 nm at low energy levels. After 24 hr of culture, osteoblasts underwent pulsed laser radiation at 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 W and fluences of 1-5 J. A control group was not irradiated. After the treatment, cells were incubated for 24 hr, and cell proliferation was analyzed using a spectrophotometric measure of cell respiration (MTT assay). Results were expressed as percentage proliferation versus controls. At 24-hr culture, cell proliferation was increased in laser-treated cells at intensities of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 W/cm(2) versus controls; the energy density was positively correlated with cell growth, which reached a peak at 3 J and decreased at higher fluences. The use of pulsed low-level laser with low-energy density range thus appears to exert a biostimulatory effect on bone tissue. Although the data on cell proliferation are robust, in-depth investigation is required into the effect of these irradiation doses on other cell parameters. The present findings demonstrate that laser therapy could be highly useful in tissue regeneration in different clinical settings, including nursing, physical therapy, dentistry, and traumatology.

Prevalencia del inicio precoz de la lactancia materna / Prevalence of the early onset of maternal breastfeeding

Introducción: el momento en que el recién nacido recibe la primera toma no ha sido estudiado de modo explícito y se necesitan investigaciones para evaluar las medidas de apoyo a la lactancia. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia del inicio precoz de la lactancia materna (IPLM) y analizar su relación con distintos factores maternos y del recién nacido. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal realizado durante tres años en un hospital público. La base de datos utilizada para el estudio procedió de un registro clínico electrónico. Se realizó un análisis univariado descriptivo de todas las variables y se analizó la relación existente entre el IPLM con distintos parámetros maternos y del recién nacido mediante el test de Fisher. Resultados: nuestros resultados mostraron que la prevalencia de un IPLM fue de un 88,4%, de un total de 2.683 nacimientos incluidos en el estudio. Además, se encontró asociación significativa entre este IPLM y distintos factores maternos, como la paridad (p = 0,05) y las semanas de gestación (p = 0,047), excepto con la edad (p = 0,522). Igualmente, se encontró una asociación fuerte con todos los factores del niño (p = 0,000), como el peso, el color del líquido amniótico, el test de Apgar al minuto y a los cinco minutos, el tipo de reanimación que precisaba o la necesidad de ingreso en la unidad neonatal. Conclusiones: la tasa de IPLM en nuestro ámbito de estudio es alta y está influenciada por distintos factores maternos y del recién nacido

Introduction: the situation with maternal breastfeeding is difficult to describe with any certainty, given the absence of any data gathered in maternity hospitals, and the timing of its onset has not been explicitly evaluated. Further research is needed to evaluate breastfeeding support measures. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of early onset of maternal breastfeeding (EOMB) and to analyze the relationship with different maternal and newborn factors. Methods: a descriptive study was performed of births in a public hospital over a three-year period. The database used for the study derived from an electronic clinical record system designed by professionals. Descriptive and univariate analyses were performed. The association of early onset of maternal breastfeeding with other parameters from mother and newborn was analyzed by the Fisher's test. Results: the prevalence of EOMB was 88.4%. A total of 2,683 births were included in the study. Significant associations were found between this EOMB and different maternal factors, such as parity (p = 0.05) and weeks of gestation (p = 0.047), but not with age (p = 0.522). A strong association was also found with all the factors of the child (p = 0.000), such as weight, color of the amniotic fluid, the Apgar test at one and five minutes, the type of resuscitation required or the need for admission in the neonatal unit. Conclusions: There has been a high rate of (EOMB) in our setting

Hábitos de vida saludable en la población universitaria / Healthy lifestyles of the university population

El estilo de vida se define como el conjunto de pautas y hábitos comportamentales cotidianos de una persona, que mantenidos en el tiempo pueden constituirse en dimensiones de riesgo o de seguridad dependiendo de su naturaleza. Los objetivos del presente trabajo han sido conocer los estilos de vida de los jóvenes universitarios en las siguientes dimensiones: alimentación, ejercicio físico, consumo de tabaco, alcohol y otras drogas, relaciones sexuales y seguridad vial. Para ello se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos electrónicas: PUBMED, SCIELO y CUIDEN entre los años 2002-2014; utilizando como palabras claves: estilos de vida, conductas saludables, dieta, ejercicio, drogas, estudiantes universitarios. De los artículos encontrados, destacar como dato más relevante, que los jóvenes universitarios poseen una alta presencia de creencias favorables sobre hábitos de vida saludables y a pesar de ello, no lo llevan a la práctica. Tras realizar una exhaustiva revisión podemos concluir que según los distintos autores, los jóvenes universitarios en general, no tienen buenos hábitos alimentarios, consumiendo dietas desequilibradas con alto contenido calórico. Además la práctica del ejercicio físico es nula, aun sabiendo que una buena alimentación y la realización de ejercicio tienen efectos beneficiosos sobre la salud. A esto hay que añadirle el consumo elevado de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana entre los jóvenes universitarios (AU)

The lifestyle is defined as the set of behavioral patterns and daily habits of a person, which maintained over time may become dimensions of risk or safety depending on their nature. The aim of this study was to know the lifestyles of university students in the following dimensions: diet, exercise, consumption of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, sex and road safety. We made a literature review in electronic databases: PubMed, SCIELO and CUIDEN, between 2002-2014; using as keywords habits, lifestyle, health behaviors, young adult and university students. From articles found, stand out as most relevant data that university students have a high presence of favorable beliefs about healthy lifestyles and nevertheless not put into practice. We could conclude that according to different authors, university students in general have not a good eating habits, eating unbalanced diets high in calories. Besides the physical exercise is null, knowing that a good diet and doing exercise have beneficial effects on health. To this must be added the high consumption of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana among university students (AU)