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BACKGROUND: Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is the standard approach for small low-risk tumors. If the efficacy of cryoablation is demonstrated, it could provide a minimally invasive alternative to surgery. PURPOSE: To determine the success of ultrasound-guided cryoablation in achieving the absence of Residual Invasive Cancer (RIC) for patients with ER + /HER2- tumors ≤ 2cm and sonographically negative axillary nodes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was carried out from April 2021 to June 2023, and involved 60 preoperative cryoablation procedures on ultrasound-visible, node-negative (cN0) infiltrating ductal carcinomas (IDC). Standard diagnostic imaging included mammography and tomosynthesis, supplemented by ultrasound-guided biopsy. MRI was performed in patients with associated intraductal carcinoma (DCIS) and an invasive component on core needle biopsy (18 out of 22 cases). All tumors were tagged with ferromagnetic seeds. A triple-phase protocol (freezing-thawing-freezing) with Argon was used, with an average procedure duration of 40 min. A logistic regression model was applied to determine significant correlation between RIC and the study variables. RESULTS: Fifty-nine women (mean age 63 ± 8 years) with sixty low-risk unifocal IDC underwent cryoablation prior to surgery. Pathological examination of lumpectomy specimens post-cryoablation revealed RIC in only one of 38 patients with pure IDC and in 4 of 22 mixed IDC/DCIS cases. All treated tumors had clear surgical margins, with no significant procedural complications. CONCLUSIONS: Cryoablation was effective in eradicating 97% of pure infiltrating ER + /HER2-tumors ≤ 2cm, demonstrating its potential as a surgical alternative in selected patients.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Criocirurgia , Receptor ErbB-2 , Humanos , Feminino , Criocirurgia/métodos , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Estudos Prospectivos , Prognóstico , Neoplasia Residual , Adulto , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/cirurgia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Mastectomia Segmentar/métodos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is a rare entity whose prognosis has previously been studied and is subject to controversy. METHODS: Survival of patients with PABC diagnosed between 2009 and 2021 with breast cancer during pregnancy or until 1 year after childbirth was compared with non-pregnant patients with breast cancer from the same period at La Paz University Hospital. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare disease-free (DFS) and overall (OS) survival between the groups, adjusting for grade and pathologic stage. RESULTS: Among the 89 included patients with breast cancer, 34 were diagnosed during pregnancy, and 55 were not pregnant. The pregnant patients were more likely to have grade 3 tumors (61.3% vs 37%, p = 0.023) and an advanced stage (pathologic stage III-IV: 44.1% vs 17.6%, p = 0.008). Median follow-up was 47 months for the pregnant group and 46 months for the control group. After adjustments for tumor grade and pathologic stage, OS was comparable between the groups (HR 2.03; 95% CI 0.61 to 6.79; P = 0.25). CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of women diagnosed with PABC is comparable to young non-pregnant controls. However, it should be taken into account that PABC has a more aggressive phenotype.
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Azidas , Neoplasias da Mama , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez , Propanolaminas , Humanos , Gravidez , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Prognóstico , PartoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A prognostic model based on the results of molecular analysis of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) is needed to replace the information that staging the entire axilla provided. The aim of the study is to conduct an external validation of a previously developed model for the prediction of 5-year DFS in a group of breast cancer patients that had undergone SLN biopsy assessed by the One Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA) method. METHODS: We collected retrospective data of 889 patients with breast cancer, who had not received systemic treatment before surgery, and who underwent SLN biopsy and evaluation of all SLN by OSNA. The discrimination ability of the model was assessed by the area under the ROC curve (AUC ROC), and its calibration by comparing 5-years DFS Kaplan-Meier estimates in quartile groups of model predicted probabilities (MPP). RESULTS: The AUC ROC ranged from 0.78 (at 2 years) to 0.73 (at 5 years) in the training set, and from 0.78 to 0.71, respectively, in the validation set. The MPP allowed to distinguish four groups of patients with heterogeneous DFS (log-rank test p < 0.0001). In the highest risk group, the HR were 6.04 [95% CI 2.70, 13.48] in the training set and 4.79 [2.310, 9.93] in the validation set. CONCLUSIONS: The model for the prediction of 5-year DFS was successfully validated using the most stringent form of validation, in centers different from those involved in the development of the model. The external validation of the model confirms its utility for the prediction of 5-year DFS and the usefulness of the TTL value as a prognostic variable.
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Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Modelos Estatísticos , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela , Linfonodo Sentinela/patologia , Carga Tumoral , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Linfonodo Sentinela/cirurgia , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to describe our initial experience using magnetic seeds (Magseed®) to guide breast-conserving surgery in non-palpable breast lesions and compare the use of magnetic seed with wires to guide breast-conserving surgery in terms of clinical and pathological characteristics. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study including all breast-conserving surgeries for non-palpable breast lesions under 16 mm from June 2018 to May 2021. We compared breast-conserving surgeries guided with magnetic seeds (Magseed®) to those guided with wires, analyzing tumor and patient characteristics, surgical time, and pathological results of the surgical specimens. RESULTS: Data from 225 cases were collected, including 149 cases guided by magnetic seeds and 76 cases guided by wires. The breast lesion was localized in every case. Both cohorts were similar regarding clinical and pathological characteristics. We found significant statistical differences (p < 0.02) in terms of the median volume (cm3) of the excised specimen, which was lower (29.3%) in the magnetic seed group compared with the wire group (32.5 [20.5-60.0]/46.0 [20.3-118.7]). We did not find significant differences regarding surgical time (min) or the affected or close margins. CONCLUSION: In our experience, the use of magnetic seed (Magseed®) is a feasible option to guide breast-conserving surgery of non-palpable lesions and enabled us to resect less breast tissue.
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Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched breast cancers (BC) present the highest rates of pathological response to primary systemic therapy (PST), but they are also the ones that tend to be larger at diagnosis, with microcalcifications and, often, with axillary involvement. If we do not have a reliable method to predict the degree of response, we may not be able to transfer the benefits of PST to surgery. The post-PST surgery planning is guided by the findings in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whose predictive capacity, although high, is far from optimal. Thus, it seems interesting to find other variables to improve it. A retrospective observational study including women with HER2 BC treated with PST and further surgery was conducted. Information regarding clinical, radiological, and histopathological variables was gathered from a total of 132 patients included. Radiological complete response (rCR) was achieved in 65.9% of the sample, and pathological complete response (pCR), according to Miller and Payne criteria, in 58.3% of cases. A higher Ki67 value, the absence of Hormonal Receptors expression, and an rCR was significantly related to a pCR finding. This information impacts directly in surgery planning, as it permits adjustment of the breast resection volume.
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Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an interesting option in the therapy of some breast cancer cases. Cases in which the timing for sentinel lymph node biopsy is controversial. Co-expression of estrogen receptors and Her2/neu (c-erbB-2) in breast cancer may imply hormone resistance, especially to tamoxifen. We present a clinic case with co-expression of estrogen receptors and Her2/neu that was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and previous sentinel lymph node biopsy followed by breasttumorectomy with axillar lymphadenectomy, radiotherapy and hormonotherapy with letrozol, geserelina and trastuzumab. A good treatment response was found.
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Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-2/biossíntese , Receptores de Estrogênio/biossíntese , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Feminino , Hormônios/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Biópsia de Linfonodo SentinelaRESUMO
BLACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has over-burdened the Spanish health service and, as a result, affected the treatment and management of oncological patients. The aim of this study is to make a descriptive analysis of the management of oncological patients and the functioning of the tumour committees in the University Hospital La Paz (Madrid) during the first wave of the pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive analysis was made, based on the results of a questionnaire given to all 18 adult tumour committees and 3 paediatric tumour committees in the University Hospital La Paz. Further information was obtained from all the hospital services involved in the diagnosis and treatment of oncological patients. RESULTS: During the first wave of the pandemic, there was a significant decrease in diagnostic tests. For many weeks, the majority of oncological surgical procedures were delayed or referred to other hospitals. Highly beneficial systemic and radiotherapeutic treatments were maintained and preoperative treatment was increased. The diagnosis and treatment of paediatric tumours was unaltered. Tumour committees were affected but each one adjusted in a different way. All the departments involved in the diagnosis and treatment of oncological patients made contingency plans to minimalize the effect on patients. CONCLUSION: This study shows how the management of oncological patients and the functioning of tumour committees was affected during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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COVID-19 , Neoplasias , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Pandemias , Inquéritos e Questionários , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
Purpose: Neoadjuvant endocrine treatment (NET) has become a useful tool for the downstaging of luminal-like breast cancers in postmenopausal patients. It enables us to increase breast- conserving surgery (BCS) rates, provides an opportunity for us to assess in vivo NET effectiveness, and allows us to study any biological changes that may act as valid biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of NET, and to assess the role of Ki67 proliferation rate changes as an indicator of endocrine responsiveness. Methods: From 2016 to 2020, a single-institution cohort of patients, treated with NET and further surgery, was evaluated. In patients with Ki67 ≥ 10%, a second core biopsy was performed after four weeks. Information regarding histopathological and clinical changes was gathered. Results: A total of 115 estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/HER2-negative patients were included. The median treatment duration was 5.0 months (IQR: 2.0−6.0). The median maximum size in the surgical sample was 40% smaller than the pretreatment size measured by ultrasound (p < 0.0001). The median pretreatment Ki67 expression was 20.0% (IQR: 12.0−30.0), and was reduced to 5.0% (IQR: 1.8−10.0) after four weeks, and to 2.0% (IQR: 1.0−8.0) in the surgical sample (p < 0.0001). BCS was performed on 98 patients (85.2%). No pathological complete responses were recorded. A larger Ki67 fold change after four weeks was significantly related to a PEPI score of zero (p < 0.002). No differences were observed between luminal A- and B-like tumors, with regard to fold change and PEPI score. Conclusions: In our cohort, NET was proven to be effective for tumor size and Ki67 downstaging. This resulted in a higher rate of conservative surgery, aided in therapeutic decision making, provided prognostic information, and constituted a safe and well-tolerated approach.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67 , Prognóstico , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
The increasing capacity of today's technology represents great advances in diagnosing diseases using standard procedures supported by computer science. Deep learning techniques are able to extract the characteristics of temporal signals to study their patterns and diagnose diseases such as essential tremor. However, these techniques require a large amount of data to train the neural network and achieve good results, and the more data the network has, the more accurate the final model implemented. In this work we propose the use of a data augmentation technique to improve the accuracy of a Long short-term memory system in the diagnosis of essential tremor. For this purpose, the multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition method will be used to decompose the original temporal signals collected from control subjects and patients with essential tremor. The time series obtained from the decomposition, covering different frequency ranges, will be randomly shuffled and combined to generate new artificial samples for each group. Then, both the generated artificial samples and part of the real samples will be used to train the LSTM network, and the remaining original samples will be used to test the model. The experimental results demonstrate the capability of the proposed method, which is compared to a set of 10 different data augmentation methods, and in all cases outperforms all other methods. In the best case, the proposed method increases the accuracy of the classifier from 83.20% to almost 93% when artificial samples are generated, which is a promising result when only small databases are available.
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Tremor Essencial , Bases de Dados Factuais , Tremor Essencial/diagnóstico , Escrita Manual , Humanos , Redes Neurais de ComputaçãoRESUMO
Endocrine therapy (ET) has established itself as an efficacious treatment for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers, with a reduction in recurrence rates and increased survival rates. The pre-surgical approach with chemotherapy (NCT) has become a common form of management for large, locally advanced, or high-risk tumors. However, a good response to NCT is not usually expected in ER+ tumors. Good results with primary ET, mainly in elderly women, have encouraged studies in other stages of life, and nowadays neoadjuvant endocrine treatment (NET) has become a useful approach to many ER+ breast cancers. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the current state of art regarding the present and the future role of NET.
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Essential tremor (ET) is a highly prevalent neurological disorder characterized by action-induced tremors involving the hand, voice, head, and/or face. Importantly, hand tremor is present in nearly all forms of ET, resulting in impaired fine motor skills and diminished quality of life. To advance early diagnostic approaches for ET, automated handwriting tasks and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offer an opportunity to develop early essential clinical biomarkers. In this study, we present a novel approach for the early clinical diagnosis and monitoring of ET based on integrating handwriting and neuroimaging analysis. We demonstrate how the analysis of fine motor skills, as measured by an automated Archimedes' spiral task, is correlated with neuroimaging biomarkers for ET. Together, we present a novel modeling approach that can serve as a complementary and promising support tool for the clinical diagnosis of ET and a large range of tremors.
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CONTEXT: During the last decade a major curriculum reform was carried out at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Medical School. The process included changes in curriculum development, staff development and in the infrastructure. However, it is not known how students perceived the climate of their education within the new model. OBJECTIVES: To measure students' perceptions of the educational environment of the new curriculum and to evaluate the internal consistency of the 50-item Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) Spanish version questionnaire. METHODS: The DREEM Spanish version questionnaire was administered to undergraduate medical students in training years 3, 4 and 5. Internal consistency of the instrument and its subscales were measured with the method described by Cronbach, and the results were expressed with alpha coefficient ranging from 0 to 1. FINDINGS: Responses were received from 297 out of 328 students (90.5%). The 50-item DREEM Spanish version was found highly reliable with an alpha coefficient of 0.91. The subscale with the highest mean score was "Academic Self-Perceptions", which indicates students' perceptions of their academic achievements. Mean score of this subscale was 22.3 +/- 4.1 corresponding to 69.7% of the maximum score. The lowest mean score was for the Students' Perceptions of their Social Environment: 15.9 +/- 4.0 (56.8%). The overall mean score for the 50 items was 127.5 +/- 20.9 (63.8% of maximum). Scores observed in students in year 5 were significantly lower for several subscales, including Students' Perceptions of Learning, Students' Perceptions of Teachers, Students' Perceptions of the Learning Atmosphere and Students' Perceptions of the Social Environment, and also lower for the overall mean score (119.3 +/- 20.2) compared to scores in years 3 and 4 (128.8 +/- 21 and 132.5 +/- 19.7, respectively; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The school's educational climate was generally perceived positively by students, although they viewed the school's social environment less favorably. Specific areas identified by students as needing improvement included an overloaded curriculum and inadequate student supports. The DREEM Spanish version proved generally reliable, by internal consistency scores based on ratings by Chilean undergraduate medical students; it should be a useful tool for assessing students' perceptions of the educational environments of other Latin American medical schools.
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Comportamento do Consumidor , Currículo , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Chile , HumanosRESUMO
The Pattern study was conducted to provide longitudinal observational data for individual patients with persistent symptoms of schizophrenia. Pattern is an international, multicenter, non-interventional, prospective cohort study of schizophrenia outpatients who were not considered to be in recovery. In the longitudinal phase reported herein, patients were assessed over 1 year using different clinical rating scales. Patient management followed routine local clinical practice. Primary outcome was disease state, defined by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Negative Symptom Factor Score (NSFS), Positive Symptom Factor Score (PSFS), and Personal and Social Performance (PSP) Scale. In total, 1344 protocol-compliant patients (70.9% male) were included. Patients showed a high stability in disease state between consecutive study visits. Persistent negative persistent symptoms and symptomatic remission were the most prevalent and stable disease states. Patients in relapse generally transitioned to negative persistent symptoms or to symptomatic remission. PANSS, PSP, and quality of life ratings remained relatively stable. Relapses occurred in 10% of patients; probability of relapse was associated with younger age, extra-pyramidal symptoms, and more antipsychotic medications. Despite treatment, schizophrenia symptoms tend to remain stable over time, without overall improvement. One of the greatest challenges in schizophrenia is attainment of full symptom remission.
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Compreensão , Internacionalidade , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Adulto , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Indução de Remissão , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Esquizofrenia/epidemiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder. In fact, its prevalence is about 20 times higher than that of Parkinson's disease. In addition, studies have shown that a high percentage of cases, between 50 and 70%, are estimated to be of genetic origin. The gold standard test for diagnosis, monitoring and to differentiate between both pathologies is based on the drawing of the Archimedes' spiral. Our major challenge is to develop the simplest system able to correctly classify Archimedes' spirals, therefore we will exclusively use the information of the x and y coordinates. This is the minimum information provided by any digitizing device. We explore the use of features from drawings related to the Discrete Cosine Transform as part of a wider cross-study for the diagnosis of essential tremor held at Biodonostia. We compare the performance of these features against other classic and already analyzed ones. We outperform previous results using a very simple system and a reduced set of features. Because the system is simple, it will be possible to implement it in a portable device (microcontroller), which will receive the x and y coordinates and will issue the classification result. This can be done in real time, and therefore without needing any extra job from the medical team. In future works these new drawing-biomarkers will be integrated with the ones obtained in the previous Biodonostia study. Undoubtedly, the use of this technology and user-friendly tools based on indirect measures could provide remarkable social and economic benefits.
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Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha puesto en una situación de sobrecarga al sistema sanitario español y, como consecuencia, la atención al paciente oncológico se ha visto afectada. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar un análisis descriptivo de la atención al paciente oncológico y del funcionamiento de los Comités de Tumores en el Hospital Universitario la Paz durante la primera ola de la pandemia. Material y métodos: Análisis descriptivo basado en los resultados obtenidos a través de una encuesta realizada a los 18 comités de tumores del adulto y a los tres comités de tumores infantiles del Hospital Universitario La Paz. El estudio se completó con la información obtenida a partir de los servicios implicados en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes oncológicos. Resultados: Durante la primera ola se disminuyó significativamente la realización de técnicas diagnósticas. Se suspendió la cirugía de la mayoría de tumores en el hospital durante varias semanas, retrasándose o derivándose a otro centro. Se mantuvieron los tratamientos sistémicos y radioterápicos asociados a un mayor beneficio, incrementándose la frecuencia de la administración preoperatoria. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los tumores infantiles no sufrió alteraciones. El funcionamiento de los comités de tumores se vio afectado, y cada uno de ellos llevó a cabo ajustes diferentes. Los diferentes servicios implicados realizaron planes de contingencia para minimizar el impacto sobre los pacientes. Conclusión: Este estudio muestra cómo la atención al paciente oncológico y el funcionamiento de los comités de tumores se vio afectado de forma generalizada durante la pandemia por COVID-19.(AU)
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has over-burdened the Spanish health service and, as a result, affected the treatment and management of oncological patients. The aim of this study is to make a descriptive analysis of the management of oncological patients and the functioning of the tumour committees in the University Hospital La Paz (Madrid) during the first wave of the pandemic. Materials and methods: A descriptive analysis was made, based on the results of a questionnaire given to all 18 adult tumour committees and 3 paediatric tumour committees in the University Hospital La Paz. Further information was obtained from all the hospital services involved in the diagnosis and treatment of oncological patients. Results: During the first wave of the pandemic, there was a significant decrease in diagnostic tests. For many weeks, the majority of oncological surgical procedures were delayed or referred to other hospitals. Highly beneficial systemic and radiotherapeutic treatments were maintained and preoperative treatment was increased. The diagnosis and treatment of paediatric tumours was unaltered. Tumour committees were affected but each one adjusted in a different way. All the departments involved in the diagnosis and treatment of oncological patients made contingency plans to minimalize the effect on patients. Conclusion: This study shows how the management of oncological patients and the functioning of tumour committees was affected during the COVID-19 pandemic.(AU)
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Humanos , Pandemias , Coronavirus , Assistência ao Paciente , Oncologia , Neoplasias , 25783RESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare the concordance in risk classification between the EndoPredict and the MammaPrint scores obtained for the same cancer samples on 40 estrogen-receptor positive/HER2-negative breast carcinomas. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded invasive breast carcinoma tissues that were previously analyzed with MammaPrint as part of routine care of the patients, and were classified as high-risk (20 patients) and low-risk (20 patients), were selected to be analyzed by the EndoPredict assay, a second generation gene expression test that combines expression of 8 genes (EP score) with two clinicopathological variables (tumor size and nodal status, EPclin score). RESULTS: The EP score classified 15 patients as low-risk and 25 patients as high-risk. EPclin re-classified 5 of the 25 EP high-risk patients into low-risk, resulting in a total of 20 high-risk and 20 low-risk tumors. EP score and MammaPrint score were significantly correlated (p = 0.008). Twelve of 20 samples classified as low-risk by MammaPrint were also low-risk by EP score (60%). 17 of 20 MammaPrint high-risk tumors were also high-risk by EP score. The overall concordance between EP score and MammaPrint was 72.5% (κ = 0.45, (95% CI, 0.182 to 0.718)). EPclin score also correlated with MammaPrint results (p = 0.004). Discrepancies between both tests occurred in 10 cases: 5 MammaPrint low-risk patients were classified as EPclin high-risk and 5 high-risk MammaPrint were classified as low-risk by EPclin and overall concordance of 75% (κ = 0.5, (95% CI, 0.232 to 0.768)). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrates a limited concordance between MammaPrint and EndoPredict. Differences in results could be explained by the inclusion of different gene sets in each platform, the use of different methodology, and the inclusion of clinicopathological parameters, such as tumor size and nodal status, in the EndoPredict test.
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Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Adipocinas , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/metabolismo , Calmodulina/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Receptor gp130 de Citocina/metabolismo , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Feminino , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Técnicas In Vitro , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/metabolismo , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxirredutases atuantes sobre Doadores de Grupo CH-CH/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Proteínas Ribossômicas/metabolismo , Survivina , Enzimas de Conjugação de Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Proteína de Matriz GlaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Establecer el estado actual del empleo de hormonoterapia en neoadyuvancia (HTNA) en las distintas unidades de patología mamaria del territorio nacional. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se confeccionó una encuesta electrónica de 14 preguntas que se envió a los socios de la Sociedad Española de Senología y Patología Mamaria (SESPM) así como a miembros de otros centros del ámbito público y privado. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 79 respuestas. El 74,7% correspondían a centros del ámbito público. El 77,2% afirman emplear HTNA, si bien la mayoría (44,3%) solo en caso de mujeres ancianas pluripatológicas. El seguimiento de las pacientes corre a cargo del oncólogo médico en el 62,0% de los casos, siendo la exploración (64,7%), la resonancia (55,9%) y la ecografía los métodos más empleados en el seguimiento. El fármaco más utilizado es el letrozol (45,5%) y la duración habitual del tratamiento es de 3-6meses en casi de la mitad de los casos (43,0%). El 82,2% de los encuestados afirman realizar HTNA en caso de axila positiva, si bien casi la mitad (47,6%) la restringen al caso de mujer anciana con comorbilidad. La alternativa en caso de no respuesta es la cirugía en el 78,5% de los casos. El 72,2% de los encuestados creen que la posibilidad de realizar una plataforma genómica en la biopsia inicial les animaría a emplear más la HTNA. CONCLUSIONES: La HTNA es un método empleado por las unidades de mama de forma habitual, si bien su uso queda relegado por lo general a mujeres ancianas con comorbilidades
OBJECTIVES: To establish the current state of the use of neoadjuvant endocrine treatment (NET) for breast cancer in breast cancer units (BCU) in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 14-question electronic survey was designed and sent on-line to members of the Spanish Society of Senology and Breast Disease (SESPM) as well as to other breast cancer units in public and private healthcare centres in Spain. RESULTS: A total of 79 surveys were completed. Nearly three quarters (74.7%) of respondents worked in public centres, and 77.2% used NET, although most (44.3%) only used it in elderly or frail women. Follow-up was carried out by a medical oncologist in 62.0% of the cases. The preferred follow-up methods were clinical examination (64.7%), MRI (55.9%) and ultrasound (48.5%). Letrozole was the chosen drug in 45.5%, and 43.0% maintained treatment for 3-6months. Most (82.2%) respondents used NET when there were axillary-positive nodes but, of these, 47.6% restricted it to frail elderly women. Surgery was the alternative treatment in 78.5% of non-responders. In all, 72.2% of the respondents believed that the possibility of performing a genomic profile in the core biopsy would increase the chances of NET use. CONCLUSIONS: NET is a frequently employed method in BCUs in Spain, although its use is usually relegated to elderly or frail women
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Humanos , Feminino , Antineoplásicos Hormonais/administração & dosagem , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Padrões de Prática Médica , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , EspanhaRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: La fibromatosis produce tumores benignos pero localmente agresivos, que afectan a los tejidos blandos. A nivel mamario, representa tan sólo el 0.2% de las neoplasias de la mama. Nuestro objetivo con el presente artículo es profundizar en el conocimiento de la fibromatosis mamaria, a través del estudio de dos casos clínicos, mostrando sus características clínico-radiológicas e histológicas, e intentar establecer un protocolo de actuación adecuado. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de dos casos clínicos de fibromatosis mamaria diagnosticados en el Hospital Universitario La Paz entre los años 2018 y 2019. Resultados: Presentaremos dos pacientes con diagnóstico de fibromatosis mamaria, ambas debutaron con la autopalpación de un nódulo mamario. Al realizarles una ecografía, se visualizó un nódulo sólido, mal definido y axila ecográficamente negativa, que precisó de biopsia-aspiración con aguja gruesa. En los dos casos, se decidió resección quirúrgica de la lesión. Seguimiento mediante exploración mamaria y pruebas de imagen periódicas. Conclusiones: Aunque se trata de una entidad benigna, la fibromatosis mamaria puede simular un proceso maligno, tanto clínica como radiológicamente, por lo que precisa de un estudio histológico. A pesar de que la diseminación metastásica es muy poco frecuente, no se debe olvidar el carácter agresivo a nivel local de esta patología, y sus altas tasas de recurrencia. Como tratamiento, se debe realizar una resección quirúrgica, aunque recientemente se ha contemplado la opción de vigilancia estrecha sin tratamiento. No existe evidencia científica que justifique la utilización de otros tratamientos como la radioterapia o el tratamiento hormonal.
ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: Fibromatosis produces benign but locally aggressive tumours that affect soft tissues. At breast level, it represents only 0.2% of breast neoplasms. Our goal with this article is to increase knowledge on breast fibromatosis, through the study of two clinical cases; explaining their clinical-radiologic and histological characteristics. Additionally, try to establish an adequate protocol, for the management of the disease and for its subsequent monitoring. Methods: A retrospective study about two clinical cases of breast fibromatosis diagnosed in La Paz Hospital between 2018-2019. Results: both patients presented with clinical manifestations, autopalpation of a breast nodule. A breast ultrasound was performed and a solid nodule was visualized, with poorly defined edges and ecographically negative armpit. A core needle biopsy was performed to confirm the histological diagnosis. In both clinical cases, the treatment was surgical resection of the lesion. Periodic revisions are being performed in order to exclude recurrence. Conclusions: Although it is a benign disease, breast fibromatosis can simulate a malignancy, both in a clinical and radiological way, so histological study is mandatory in order to achieve an accurate diagnosis. Even metastatic dissemination is extremely rare, the local aggressive nature and high rates of recurrence for fibromatosis makes surgical excision, with wide free margins, the most important tool in treatment, although the possibility of close surveillance without treatment is recently being contemplated. There is no scientific evidence to justify the use of other treatments such as radiotherapy or hormonal treatment.