Magnesium, selenium and zinc deficiency compromises antioxidant defense in women with obesity.

Studies have shown that deficiencies in magnesium, selenium, and zinc in individuals with obesity compromise the endogenous antioxidant defense system. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mineral deficiency on enzymatic antioxidant defense in women with obesity. The study involved 63 women with obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) and 77 eutrophic women (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2). Variables such as fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin, and serum lipids were analyzed. Insulin resistance was measured using the homeostasis assessment model (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function using the homeostasis assessment model (HOMA-ß). Dietary intake of energy, macronutrients (including magnesium, zinc, and selenium), and plasma, erythrocyte, and urinary concentrations of these minerals were measured and analyzed. Serum cortisol, plasma leptin, plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and the activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and erythrocyte catalase were also analyzed. Women with obesity had reduced plasma and erythrocyte concentrations and greater urinary excretion of all minerals compared to normal weight women (p < 0.05). There was a positive association between erythrocyte concentrations of zinc and selenium and the activity of the GPX and SOD enzymes in erythrocytes in women with obesity (p < 0.05), in addition to a positive association between serum insulin and the enzyme GPX, which is dependent on dietary selenium (p < 0.05). Individuals with obesity are deficient in magnesium, selenium, and zinc, which appears to impair the antioxidant defense system and contribute to important metabolic disorders such as oxidative stress in these patients.

Cardiometabolic risk assessment: A school-based study in Brazilian adolescent.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Recently, new indices combining routine and low-cost anthropometric and biochemical measurements have emerged. Among them, the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) are being investigated for the prediction of altered blood pressure (BP) and insulin resistance (IR). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether visceral adiposity index (VAI) and height-corrected lipid accumulation product (HLAP) are predictors of cardiometabolic risk in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data were obtained from the Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA) study, a cross-sectional, national, multicenter, school-based survey conducted between 2013 and 2014 in Brazil. The sample consisted of 37,815 adolescents aged 12-17 years of both genders attending the last 3 years of elementary or secondary school from public and private schools located in 273 municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. A Poisson regression was performed to verify associations between VAI and HLAP indices and the presence of altered BP and IR according to sex. In addition, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was applied to compare the predictive ability and determine the cut-off points of the VAI and HLAP indices in identifying cardiometabolic risk obtained by altered BP and IR. The prevalences of altered BP and IR were 24.49 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 23.14-25.87) and 24.22 % (95 % CI: 22.70-25.80), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The VAI and HLAP indices are good predictors of cardiometabolic risk in Brazilian adolescents. HLAP showed better performance in identifying insulin resistance in males.

Consumption of Food Offered by Delivery Applications (Apps).

This study aimed to investigate whether the use of food delivery applications is related to food consumption practices. METHODS: Data collection was carried out between 5 and 20 June 2020 in a Brazilian capital with a final sample of 2113 individuals. The instrument included questions about socioeconomic characteristics, anthropometric data, and information about eating practices and the use of delivery apps. Logistic regression models were developed with the consumption of each food group as the outcome variable and the use of the application as the exposure variable. RESULTS: Of those interviewed, 78.1% used delivery apps to purchase food. The frequencies of the consumption of foods considered markers of healthy eating were higher for individuals who did not use the applications (59.7% vs. 38.7% for the daily consumption of fresh fruit, respectively, p < 0.0001). The frequencies of the consumption of items considered markers of unhealthy eating were higher for individuals who used apps to purchase food prepared outside the home compared to those who did not (53.7 vs. 38.1 for weekly consumption of hamburgers, respectively, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The use of delivery applications influenced the users' eating practices through the acquisition of food within the digital scope and is related to a greater frequency of the consumption of unhealthy items by users.

Influence of Anaerobic Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Biomarkers: ASystematic Review.

AIM: Physical exercise is part of the type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) treatment. However, this practice is still neglected due to the wide variety of glycemic responses under the influence of anaerobic exercise. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of anaerobic exercise on biomarkers of T1DM. METHODS: The systematic review was conducted on PubMed, Lilacs, and Embase, according to PRISMA. For this purpose, three groups of descriptors were used: Adults with T1DM, anaerobic physical exercise, and glycemic control. The search filter was set to human beings older than 18 years of age, longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, with studies published from 2000 to 2023 in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Titles and abstracts were read independently by two reviewers, and then the articles were selected for this review. The Kappa coefficient was measured to evaluate the selection. RESULTS: A total of 738 articles were identified, and five were selected to be part of the review after applying the steps of the procedure. Some benefits were observed in fatigue reduction, absence of diabetic ketoacidosis requiring hospitalization, and enhancement of glucose monitoring during exercise. In the anaerobic workouts of the groups with T1DM, glycemic mean values ranged from 124.5-185.0 mg/dl, and glycated hemoglobin records ranged from 6.7-8.1%. CONCLUSION: Anaerobic exercise improved the biomarkers of T1DM, especially glycemic control, and the reduction of symptomatic hypoglycemic episodes. Anaerobic exercise can be performed by individuals with T1DM, suggesting an individualized training prescription and encouraging its practice associated with aerobic exercise.

Phase angle and anthropometric indicators of cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents.

RATIONALE/OBJECTIVE: The phase angle (PhA) is a measurement obtained from the resistance and reactance found in the bioelectrical impedance examination and is useful in assessing nutritional status and in assessing cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, the objective was to correlate the phase angle to the anthropometric variables of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in children and adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and neck circumference (NC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and PhA of 1231 children and adolescents aged between 5 and 18 years were assessed. PhA was assessed in tertiles and CMR was identified using the anthropometric variables BMI, WC, NC, and WHtR. Linear regression models were used to verify the association between PhA tertiles and CMR anthropometric variables, stratified by sex. RESULTS: No relationship was found between PhA and CMR variables in children. In adolescents, lower values of NC (ß = -0.019, p = 0.005) and BMI (ß = -0.025, p = 0.023) were found in boys, WC (ß = -0.017, p = 0.020), WHtR (ß = -0.017, p = 0.020), NC (ß = -0.011, p = 0.027) and BMI (ß = -0.026, p = 0.009) in girls when they were in tertile 1 when compared to tertile 3 of the PhA, even after adjusting for age. CONCLUSION: The PhA was directly associated with CMR in the assessed adolescents.

Zinc, antioxidant enzymes in preeclampsia, and association with newborn outcome.

BACKGROUND: The etiology of preeclampsia (PE) may be associated with the increased of production of reactive species and decreased antioxidant activity of enzymes. Inadequate intake of Zn can affect gestational health due to its biological functions, such as its role in the antioxidant defense system. The study aimed to assess the nutritional status of Zn and antioxidant enzymes in postpartum women and its correlation with neonatal outcomes. METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at a referral gynecology and obstetrics hospital. A total of 119 women (PE = 58, HP = 61) participated in the study. A quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess food consumption and further analyze the dietary Zn levels. Zinc levels in plasma and erythrocytes samples were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. RESULTS: Plasma and dietary intake Zn results were considered adequate and without statistical difference between groups. SOD levels were significantly higher in the HP group (p = 0.011), and CAT levels were higher in the PE group (p = 0.050). There was a positive correlation between SOD activity in women with PE and the weight of their newborns (r = 0.336, p=0.021). CONCLUSION: The results showed adequate Zn levels (consumption and serum levels) in the groups studied, although with a reduction of plasma Zn in the PE group compared to the PH group. Zinc in plasma fractions and erythrocytes are important markers for oxidative stress, in particular, plasma Zn seems to be related to the rapid response to preeclampsia. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was elevated in the groups studied. Better SOD activity improves birth weight in children of pregnant women with preeclampsia.

The contribution of prenatal care in the dietary patterns of high-risk pregnant women / A contribuição do acompanhamento pré-natal nos padrões alimentares de gestantes de alto risco

Abstract Objectives: investigate whether prenatal characteristics were associated with dietary pattern of pregnant women. Methods: we studied 200 high-risk pregnant women in Fortaleza, Ceará. The identification of dietary patterns was performed through principal component analysis with the orthogonal Varimax rotation. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and respective confidence intervals (CI95%). Results: three major dietary patterns were identified: 'common Brazilian', 'healthy' and 'energy-dense'. After adjustments conducted with multivariate analysis, pregnant women who had not received dietary guidance in prenatal consultations (34%) were less likely to adhere to the 'healthy' pattern (PR = 0,81; CI95%= 0,67-0,95). Pregnant women who attended an appropriate number of consultations (≥ 6 consultations) (41%) showed greater adherence to the 'healthy' pattern (PR = 1,15; CI95%= 1,01-1,32) and lower adherence to the 'energy-dense' pattern (PR = 0,85; CI95%= 0,74-0,99). Conclusion: it was observed that the high-risk pregnant women who attended an adequate number of consultations during the prenatal care had a higher chance to adhere to the 'healthy' pattern and a lower chance to adhere to the 'energy-dense' pattern. Not receiving guidelines on prenatal nutrition was inversely associated with the healthy pattern. Thus, the importance of high-risk pregnant women undergoing an appropriate prenatal care is reinforced.

Resumo Objetivos: investigar o efeito potencial das características de acompanhamento do pré-natal em padrões alimentares identificados em gestantes de alto risco. Métodos: foram estudadas 200 gestantes de alto-risco de Fortaleza, Ceará. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados pela análise de componentes principais seguida de rotação ortogonal Varimax. Utilizou-se Regressão de Poisson para estimar as razões de prevalência (RP) e os intervalos de confança (IC95%). Resultados: três padrões alimentares foram identificados: 'comum brasileiro', 'saudável' e 'denso em energia'. Após a realização de ajuste com análise multivariada, as gestantes que não receberam orientação sobre alimentação nas consultas do pré-natal (34%) apresentaram menores chances de adesão ao padrão 'saudável' (RP = 0.81, IC95%= 0.67-0.95). Aquelas que realizaram um número de consultas adequado (≥ 6 consultas) (41%) apresentaram maior adesão ao padrão 'saudável' (RP = 1.15, IC95%= 1.01-1.32) e menor adesão ao padrão 'denso em energia' (RP = 0.85, IC95%= 0.74-0.99). Conclusão: observou-se que as gestantes de alto risco que compareceram a um número adequado de consultas no pré-natal tiveram maior chance de aderir ao padrão 'saudável' e menor chance de aderir ao padrão 'denso em energia'. Não receber orientações sobre nutrição durante o pré-natal foi inversamente associado ao padrão 'saudável'. Reforçando a importância das gestantes de alto risco realizarem um pré-natal adequado.

Food Intake of Patients with Thyroid Nodules: a Brazilian Food Guides-Based Analysis / Consumo Alimentar de Pacientes com Nódulos Tireoidianos: uma Análise Baseada em Guias Alimentares Brasileiros / Consumo de Alimentos de Pacientes con Nódulos Tiroideos: un Análisis Basado en las Guías Alimentarias Brasileña

Introduction: The thyroid gland has the function of secreting hormones that play an important role in metabolism. Alterations in this function may bring complications to individuals, among them thyroid nodules. The prevalence of thyroid nodules is higher in white people, older adults, women, smokers, with accumulated body fat and larger waist circumference. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare dietary intake of patients with benign (BN) and malignant (MN) thyroid nodules. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 62 patients. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall, according to the 2006 and 2014 Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. Mean consumption of each food group was compared between patients with BN and MN by Student's t-test. Results: The sample consisted mostly of females with mean age of 43 years old. Based in the 2006 Guide, patients with BN and MN presented low consumption of fruits, vegetables, milk and dairy products, and high consumption of meat. Total caloric intake (p=0.03) and of the group of sugars and sweets (p=0.03) were higher among individuals with MN compared with BN. Considering the 2014 Guide, the highest caloric contribution for the diet was from minimally processed foods group. Conclusion: Patients with MN had higher energy intake of sugars and sweets. For all other food groups investigated, no significant difference between individuals with MN and BN was encountered

Introdução: A glândula tireoide tem a função de secretar hormônios que desempenham importante papel no metabolismo. Alterações nessa função podem trazer complicações aos indivíduos, entre elas, os nódulos tireoidianos. A prevalência desses nódulos é maior em pessoas brancas, idosas, mulheres, fumantes, com gordura corporal acumulada e maior circunferência da cintura. Objetivo: Comparar o consumo alimentar de pacientes com nódulos benignos (NB) ou malignos (NM) da tireoide. Método: Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 62 pacientes. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado utilizando recordatório alimentar de 24 horas, segundo as diretrizes das versões de 2006 e 2014 do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. As médias de consumo de cada grupo alimentar foram comparadas entre os pacientes com NB e NM pelo teste t de Student. Resultados: A amostra foi composta predominantemente por mulheres com idade média de 43 anos. Considerando a versão de 2006 do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira, tanto os pacientes com NB quanto com NM apresentaram baixo consumo dos grupos das frutas, verduras e hortaliças, leite e derivados, e elevado consumo do grupo das carnes. O consumo calórico total (p=0,03) e do grupo de açúcares e doces (p=0,03) foi maior entre indivíduos com NM comparados com indivíduos com NB. Considerando a versão de 2014 do Guia, a maior contribuição calórica da dieta foi proveniente do grupo de alimentos minimamente processados. Conclusão: Pacientes com NM apresentam maior consumo calórico e de açúcares e doces. Para todos os outros grupos alimentares estudados, não houve diferença significativa entre os indivíduos com NM e NB

Introducción: La glándula tiroidea se encarga de segregar hormonas que desempeñan un papel importante en el metabolismo. Los cambios en esta función pueden traer complicaciones a los individuos, entre ellas los nódulos tiroideos. La prevalencia de los nódulos tiroideos es mayor en personas de raza blanca, de edad avanzada, mujeres, fumadores, con grasa corporal acumulada y mayor perímetro de cintura. Objetivo: Comparar la ingesta dietética de pacientes con nódulos tiroideos benignos (NB) y malignos (NM). Método: Estudio transversal con 62 pacientes. La ingesta dietética se evaluó mediante el recuerdo dietético de 24 horas, de acuerdo con las directrices de las versiones de 2006 y 2014 de la Guía Alimentaria para la Población Brasileña. Se comparó el consumo medio de cada grupo de alimentos entre los pacientes con NB y NM mediante la prueba t de Student. Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta predominantemente por mujeres, y la edad media fue de 43 años. Teniendo en cuenta la Guía 2006, tanto los pacientes con NB como los que tenían NM tenían un bajo consumo de frutas, verduras, leche y productos lácteos, y un alto consumo de carne. La ingesta calórica total (p=0,03) y del grupo de azúcares y dulces (p=0,03) fue mayor entre los individuos con NM en comparación con los de NB. Teniendo en cuenta la Guía 2014, el mayor aporte calórico de la dieta procedía de los alimentos mínimamente procesados en los grupos. Conclusión: Los pacientes con NM tuvieron una mayor ingesta energética y consumo de azúcares y dulces. Para el resto de grupos de alimentos estudiados, no hubo diferencias significativas entre los individuos con NM y NB

As repercussões da gravidez no cotidiano de uma mulher / The Repercussions of Pregnancy in a Woman's Everyday

Objetivo: Descrever as repercussões da gravidez no cotidiano de uma mulher. Métodos: Estudo exploratório-descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Foram entrevistadas 25 gestantes entre 20 e 24 semanas de gestação, atendidas em uma instituição na cidade de Fortaleza (CE). A coleta de dados foi por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, submetidas à técnica de análise de conteúdo. Foram criadas nuvens de palavras para as categorias, utilizando-se o software NVivo 11. Resultados: A análise comparativa constante permitiu a construção de duas categorias: "impacto da gravidez nas atividades diárias" e "peso corporal da gestação na moda feminina". A primeira categoria demonstrou o impacto do aumento do tamanho corporal da gestante diante das atividades comuns do dia a dia, a dificuldade para realizar certas atividades, a sobrecarga das articulações e o cansaço relacionado ao aumento do volume corporal na gestação. Os resultados da segunda categoria mostraram que as mudanças gestacionais impactam nas escolhas de vestimenta das mulheres, sendo relatadas as dificuldades para aquisição de um novo vestuário durante esta fase, a procura por lojas especializadas em moda gestante e o reaproveitamento de peças existentes com necessidade de possíveis ajustes. Conclusão: Neste estudo, possibilitou-se a análise dos sentidos atribuídos às mudanças corporais pelas gestantes e observou-se que as transformações gestacionais repercutem diretamente na realização de atividades cotidianas e nas escolhas de vestimenta de mulheres grávidas, demonstrando inúmeras dificuldades a serem compreendidas e enfrentadas durante este período.

Objective: To describe the repercussions of pregnancy on a woman's daily life. Methods: Exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Twenty-five pregnant women were interviewed between 20 and 24 weeks of gestation, attended at an institution in the city of Fortaleza (CE). Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews that were submitted to the content analysis technique. Word clouds were created for the categories, using the software NVivo 11. Results: The constant comparative analysis allowed the construction of two categories: "impact of pregnancy on daily activities" and "body weight of pregnancy on women's fashion". The first category demonstrated the impact of the increase in body size of the pregnant woman facing common daily activities, the difficulty to perform certain activities, the overload of the joints and the tiredness related to the increase in body volume in pregnancy. The results of the second category showed that gestational changes impact women's clothing choices, with difficulties reported for the acquisition of new clothing during this phase, the search for stores specializing in pregnant fashion and the reuse of existing pieces in need of possible adjustments. Conclusion: The study made it possible to analyze the meanings attributed to the body changes by pregnant women and it was observed that gestational changes have a direct impact on the performance of daily activities and on the clothing choices of pregnant women, demonstrating numerous difficulties to be understood and faced during this period.

Qualidade da dieta e risco cardiometabólico em crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso / Diet quality and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents with excess weight / Calidad de la dieta y el riesgo cardiometabolico de niños y adolescentes con exceso de peso

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade da dieta de crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso e determinar a relação com fatores de risco cardiometabólico. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, transversal e analítico, realizado entre dezembro de 2016 e agosto de 2018, com crianças e adolescentes. Coletaram-se variáveis comportamentais (prática de atividade física e tempo de tela), antropométricas (peso, altura, índice de massa corporal, circunferência abdominal e do pescoço) e dietéticas (recordatório de 24 horas) e os dados bioquímicos foram consultados nos prontuários. Avaliou-se a resistência à insulina (RI), usando Homeostasis Model Assessment ­ Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), e a qualidade da dieta, por meio do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado (IQD-R). Análises realizadas pelos testes de Spearman e Mann-Whitney U, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A amostra incluiu 100 crianças e adolescentes, sendo 71 (71%) do sexo feminino, média de idade de 9,42 ± 2,89 anos. IQD-R apresentou valor médio de 61,16 (IC 95%: 59,14 ­ 63,19) e nenhum participante apresentou dieta de boa qualidade. Não foram encontradas associações entre o escore do IQD-R e marcadores cardiometabólicos. Observaram-se associações negativas entre os componentes "vegetais totais e leguminosas" e HOMA-IR (r= -0,290), "vegetais verde-escuros, alaranjados e leguminosas" e HOMA-IR (r= -0,333) e "vegetais verde-escuros, alaranjados e leguminosas" com insulina de jejum (r= -0,291). Participantes com mais de três fatores de risco cardiometabólico tiveram pontuação significativamente maior do componente "gordura sólida e açúcar de adição". Conclusão: Nenhum participante investigado apresentou dieta qualitativamente adequada. A baixa ingestão de vegetais e leguminosas foi associada com marcadores de RI. Descritores: Promoção da Saúde, Obesidade Pediátrica; Consumo de Alimentos; Resistência à Insulina; Doenças Cardiovasculares.

Objective: To assess the quality of the diet of children and adolescents with excess weight and determine its relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: This quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from December 2016 to August 2018 with children and adolescents. Behavioral (regular physical activity, screen time), anthropometric (weight, height, Body Mass Index, abdominal circumference, neck circumferences) and dietary (24-hour recalls) data were collected, and biochemical data were retrieved from medical records. Insulin resistance (IR) was measured using the Homeostasis Model Assessment ­ Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and diet quality was assessed using the Revised Diet Quality Index (Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado ­ IQD-R). Analyses using Spearman's and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed with a significance threshold set at 5%. Results: The sample consisted of 100 children and adolescents, 71 (71%) of whom were girls, and the mean age was 9.42±2.89 years. The mean IQD-R was 61.16 (95%CI: 59.14 ­ 63.19) and none of the participants presented a good quality diet. No associations were found between the IQD-R score and cardiometabolic markers. However, negative associations were observed between "total vegetables and legumes" and HOMA-IR (r=-0.290), "dark green and orange vegetables and legumes" and HOMA-IR (r=-0.333) and "dark green and orange vegetables and legumes" and fasting insulin (r=-0.291). The participants who presented more than three cardiometabolic risk factors had a significantly higher score on the "solid fat and added sugar" component. Conclusion: None of the participants had a qualitatively adequate diet. The low intake of vegetables and legumes was associated with IR markers. Descriptors: Health Promotion, Pediatric Obesity; Food Intake; Insulin Resistance; Cardiovascular Diseases.

Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la dieta de niños y adolescentes con exceso de peso y determinar la relación con los factores de riesgo cardiometabolico. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y analítico realizado entre diciembre de 2016 y agosto de 2018 con niños y adolescentes. Se recogieron las variables de conducta (práctica de actividad física y tiempo de pantalla), antropométricas (peso, altura, índice de masa corporal, circunferencia abdominal y del cuello) y dietéticas (recordatorio de 24 horas) y los datos bioquímicos han sido consultados de los historiales clínicos. Se evaluó la resistencia a la insulina (RI) usando el Homeostasis Model Assessment ­ Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) y la calidad de la dieta a través del Índice de Calidad de la Dieta Revisado (ICD-R). Los análisis han sido realizados por las pruebas de Spearman y Mann-Whitney U con el nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: La muestra ha sido de 100 niños y adolescentes de los cuales 71 (71%) era del sexo femenino con la media de edad de 9,42 ± 2,89 años. El ICD-R presentó el valor medio de 61,16 (IC 95%: 59,14 - 63,19) y ningún participante presentó dieta de buena calidad. No se ha encontrado asociaciones entre la puntuación del ICD-R y los marcadores cardiometabolicos. Se ha observado asociaciones negativas entre los componentes "vegetales totales y leguminosas" y el HOMA-IR (r= -0,290), "vegetales verde-oscuros, anaranjados y leguminosas" y el HOMA-IR (r= -0,333) y "vegetales verde-oscuros, anaranjados y leguminosas" y la insulina de ayuno (r= - 0,291). Los participantes con más de tres factores de riesgo cardiometabolico tuvieron la puntuación significativamente mayor en el componente "grasa sólida y azúcar de adición". Conclusión: Ningún participante investigado presentó la dieta cualitativamente adecuada. La baja ingesta de vegetales y leguminosas se ha asociado con los marcadores de RI Descriptores: Promoción de la Salud, Obesidad Pediátrica; Consumo de Alimentos; Resistencia a la Insulina; Enfermedades Cardiovasculares.

The omission of meals is associated with excess weight in adolescents

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the association between skipping meals and excess weight in adolescents. This study used a secondary database based on cross-sectional research. Weight and height were measured for the classification of nutritional status and the omission of meals was determined from the 24-hour food record. Statistical analyses were performed on a sample stratified by age from 10 to 13 years and 14 to 19 years. There was a high prevalence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) in the sample and a high frequency of meal omission among adolescents. The omission of lunch and dinner among adolescents between 14 and 19 years and those between 10 to 13 years, respectively, was directly associated with excess weight.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la asociación entre omisión de comidas y condición de exceso de peso en adolescentes. Este es un estudio con datos secundarios de una investigación transversal. El peso y la altura se midieron para clasificar el estado nutricional y la omisión de las comidas se determinó a partir del registro de alimentos de 24 horas. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron en una muestra estratificada por edad de 10 a 13 años y de 14 a 19 años. Hubo una alta prevalencia de exceso de peso en la muestra y una alta frecuencia de omisión de comidas entre los adolescentes. La omisión del almuerzo y la cena, en los rangos de 14 a 19 años y de 10 a 13 años, respectivamente, se asoció directamente con el exceso de peso.

Effect of an aqueous extract of Chrysobalanus icaco on the adiposity of Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet / Efecto del extracto acuoso de Chrysobalanus icaco sobre la adiposidad de ratas Wistar alimentadas con una dieta alta en grasas

OBJECTIVE: the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Chrysobalanus icaco on adiposity and its mechanism of action in the gene and protein expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), a key enzyme in lipogenesis. METHOD: Wistar rats were divided into a regular or control group (CG) and a high-fat diet (HFD) group. HFD was treated with saline or aqueous extract of Chrysobalanus icaco (AECI) for four weeks. Body weight and food intake were assessed. Subcutaneous, retroperitoneal and periepididymal adipose tissue samples were collected and weighed. Adipocytes from periepididymal tissue were isolated and analyzed. The gene and protein expression of ACC in subcutaneous tissue was determined. RESULTS: AECI showed no effect on intake or body weight. However, the weight of the fat pads and the gene and protein expression of ACC were lower, and glucose tolerance was improved. CONCLUSION: the aqueous extract of Chrysobalanus icaco proved beneficial for the treatment of obesity, preventing fat storage and improving glycemic homeostasis

OBJETIVO: el objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los efectos del extracto acuoso de Chrysobalanus icaco (AECI) en la adiposidad y su mecanismo de acción en la expresión génica y proteica de la acetil-CoA-carboxilasa (ACC), una enzima clave para la lipogénesis. MÉTODOS: se usaron ratones macho Wistar que se asignaron a una dieta estándar de control (CG) o a una rica en grasa (HFD). La HFD se trató con solución salina o con extracto acuoso de Chrysobalanus icaco (AECI) durante cuatro semanas. Se evaluaron el peso corporal y el consumo alimentario. Se aislaron y analizaron muestras de tejido adiposo subcutáneo, retroperitoneal y periepididímico. Se determinó la expresión génica y proteica de ACC en el tejido subcutáneo. RESULTADOS: el AECI no mostró ningún efecto sobre la ingesta de alimento y tampoco sobre el peso corporal. Sin embargo, el tratamiento con AECI redujo el peso de los tejidos adiposos y la expresión génica y proteica de ACC, y mejoró también la tolerancia a la glucosa. CONCLUSIÓN: Chrysobalanus icaco (AECI) resultó ser beneficioso para el tratamiento de la obesidad, previniendo el almacenamiento de grasa y mejorando la homeostasis glucémica

Componentes do estilo de vida associados à infertilidade masculina / Lifestyle components associated with male infertility

Introdução: De natureza multifatorial, a infertilidade masculina mostra-se fortemente influenciada por fatores determinantes do estilo de vida entre o público masculino. Objetivo: Avaliar os componentes do estilo de vida associados à infertilidade masculina. Métodos: Obteve-se a amostra por método não probabilístico, totalizando 63 pacientes atendidos em Clínicas de Reprodução Humana localizadas em Fortaleza, Ceará. Destes, diagnosticou-se 30 como inférteis e 33, como férteis. A coleta de dados consistiu em aplicação de questionário socioeconômico, avaliação antropométrica e recordatórios alimentares. Realizou-se análise estatística no programa STATA versão 10.0. Para avaliação de normalidade, aplicou-se o teste de Shapiro-Wilk. Para comparação das variáveis categóricas, utilizou- se teste qui-quadrado e entre as variáveis numéricas, o teste t de Student ou Mann-Whitney. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Em relação às características socioeconômicas, verificou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa na idade, na ingestão de bebida alcoólica e na prática de atividade física (p=0,017), (p=0,044) e (p=0,035), respectivamente. Na análise antropométrica, pacientes diagnosticados como inférteis apresentaram Índice de Massa Corporal superior ao dos férteis (p=0,033). Em relação à circunferência da cintura, o grupo com infertilidade apresentou valor médio (96,3cm) acima do ponto de corte para risco cardiovascular aumentado. Na avaliação do consumo alimentar, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos analisados. Conclusão: Componentes do estilo de vida como idade, prática de atividade física, ingestão de bebida alcoólica e excesso de peso resultam em alterações nos aspectos da reprodução masculina, colaborando com a infertilidade neste público

Introduction: Multifactorial in nature, male infertility is strongly influenced by determinants of lifestyle among the male audience. Objectives: To evaluate the lifestyle components associated with male infertility. Methods: The sample was obtained by non-probabilistic method, totaling 63 patients attended at Human Reproduction Centers located in Fortaleza, Ceará. Of these, 30 were diagnosed as infertile and 33 as fertile. The data collection consisted of the application of a socioeconomic questionnaire, anthropometric evaluation and food recall. Statistical analysis was performed in the STATA program version 10.0. For the evaluation of normality, the Shapiro-Wilk test was applied. For the comparison of the categorical variables, the chi-square test and the numerical variables, Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test were used. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: Regarding socioeconomic characteristics, there was a statistically significant difference in age, alcoholic beverage and physical activity (p = 0.017), (p = 0.044) and (p = 0.035), respectively. In the anthropometric analysis, the patients diagnosed as infertile presented a Body Mass Index higher than the fertile ones (p = 0.033). Regarding waist circumference, the infertility group presented a mean value (96.3 cm) above the cutoff point for increased cardiovascular risk. In the evaluation of food consumption, there was no significant difference between the analyzed groups. Conclusion: Lifestyle components such as age, physical activity, alcohol consumption and overweight result in changes in the aspects of male reproduction, contributing to infertility in this public

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Suplementação de selênio em pacientes com Síndrome do Intestino Curto em suporte nutricional parenteral / Selenium supplementation in short bowel syndrome pacients on parenteral nutritional support

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da suplementação de selênio em pacientes com Síndrome do Intestino Curto, submetidos à nutrição parenteral domiciliar. Foram estudados quatro pacientes com Síndrome do Intestino Curto, dos quais dois receberam suplementação de 60mg de selênio endovenoso, na forma de ácido selenoso, por 120 dias. O grupo controle foi constituído de 20 indivíduos adultos e sadios, com idade entre 30 e 50 anos, distribuídos igualmente entre sexo e faixa etária. O grupo controle e os pacientes foram avaliados quanto às variáveis antropométricas e bioquímicas. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto à ingestão e infusão de nutrientes. Observou-se que apenas um dos pacientes estudados apresentou algum grau de desnutriçã...

O selênio e a glândula tireóide: um estudo em pacientes portadores de disfunções tireoidianas nos estados de Ceará e São Paulo / The selenium and thyroid gland: a study in patients with thyroid dysfunction in the states of Ceara and Sao Paulo

Introdução: O Selênio é um mineral fundamental para o homem, participa dos mecanismos antioxidantes, influencia o sistema imune e participa ativamente da homeostase da glândula tireóide.Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional relativo ao selênio de pacientes adultos portadores de hipotireoidismo e hipertireoidismo em atendimento ambulatorial no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo e no Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Metodologia: Foram avaliados quatro grupos de pacientes com doença de Graves (Graves), Bócio Multinodular Tóxico (BMNT), Hipotireoidismo pós-tireoidectomia (Hipotireoidismo) e tireoidite de Hashimoto (Hashimoto) em dois estados, São Paulo e Ceará e paralelamente dois grupos controle (São Paulo e Ceará). Foram realizadas caracterização antropométrica e clínica. O Se foi analisado no plasma e eritrócitos, foi medida a atividade da GSH-Px, iodúria, MDA plasmático e dosagens de hormônios tireoidianos e Anti-TPO. O consumo alimentar foi estimado utilizando-se a técnica de recordatório 24 horas...